18 research outputs found

    Construction of an atomic absorption spectrometer and studies on the formation and evolution of the atomic cloud with electrothermal atomization in a double tungsten coil system

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    Orientadores: Celio Pasquini, Joaquim de Araújo NóbregaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuímicaResumo: A espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica (ET AAS) é adequada para a determinação de metais e semimetais, apresentando alta sensibilidade. Dentre os atomizadores eletrotérmicos, os fornos de grafite destacam-se por sua boa seletividade, exigência de pequenos volumes de amostra e baixos limites de detecção (i.e. 'mu'g L-1). Porém, esses atomizadores requerem fontes de alta potência (i.e. superiores a 2 kW), sistema de resfriamento e, ainda, apresentam alto custo. Como alternativa, o uso de superfícies metálicas têm sido objeto de pesquisa desde 1970. Dentre todos os metais empregados na fabricação de superfícies metálicas e utilizados para os estudos em ET AAS, o tungstênio é o que vem apresentando maior aplicação. Porém, a espectrometria de absorção atômica baseada em atomizadores de filamento de tungstênio (WC AAS) apresenta vários desafios relacionados ao entendimento da geração da nuvem atômica e dos efeitos de interferência observados. Dessa maneira, neste trabalho construiu-se um espectrômetro de absorção atômica com duplo filamento de tungstênio (DWC AAS), com duas configurações, uma empregando como sistema de detecção um sistema echelle/detector de carga acoplada intensificado (ICCD) e outra um sistema filtro óptico-acústico sintonizável (AOTF)/fotomultiplicadora. Essas duas configurações do equipamento foram empregadas em estudos de formação e evolução da nuvem atômica de elementos com características voláteis e refratárias (i.e. Pb e Cr). Além disso, estudou-se o efeito de Na, K, Ca e Mg, em três diferentes concentrações (i.e. 1, 10 e 100 mg L-1) sobre os perfis das nuvens atômicas de Pb e Cr. Esse estudo foi conduzido de tal forma que interferências em fase condensada e gasosa puderam ser avaliadas. Além disso, o equipamento foi empregado em medidas de temperatura na superfície do filamento e na fase gasosaAbstract: Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) is suitable for determination of metals and semimetals with high sensitivity. Among the existing electrothermal atomizers, graphite furnace stands out due to its selectivity, requirement of low volume of sample and low limits of detection (i.e. 'mu'g L-1). Notwithstanding, these atomizers present high cost and requires high power power supply (i.e. above 2 kW) and a cooling system. Alternatively, metallic surfaces have been studied since 1970. Among all metals employed as atomizers in ET AAS studies, tungsten has presented the best results and has found many analytical applications. However, tungsten coil atomic absorption spectrometry (WC AAS) presents several challenges related to understanding the atomic cloud generation and interferences effects. Thus, in this work, a double tungsten coil atomic absorption spectrometer (DWC AAS), with two different configurations was constructed. In one configuration, a detection system based on echelle/intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) is employed and, in the other, an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF)/photomultiplier detection system is used. Both configurations were employed in the atomic cloud generation and evolution studies of Pb and Cr. Furthermore, interferences on the atomic cloud profile of Pb and Cr caused by Na, K, Ca and Mg, at three different concentrations (i.e. 1, 10 and 100 mg L-1), were studied. This study helped to evaluate the effect of condensed and gas phase interferences. Additionally, the equipment was employed to perform measures of surface and gas phase temperaturesMestradoQuimica AnaliticaMestre em Químic

    Preparation of Epoxy Zinc Powder Primer through Zinc Powder Replaced by Phosphates in Zinc-rich Epoxy Paints

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    研究了复合磷酸锌替代环氧富锌涂料中的部分锌粉制备环氧锌粉底漆,在此基础上,以磷酸锌、APW-I、钼酸锌替代复合磷酸锌,考察了4种防锈颜料涂层在3.5%NaCl腐蚀体系下的电化学腐蚀抑制性能,结合传统的盐水浸泡实验,评价4种颜料的防腐性能。结果表明:以复合磷酸锌取代环氧富锌涂料中的部分锌粉,制备环氧锌粉底漆,EIS研究发现,此环氧锌粉底漆的防腐蚀效果为锌粉层和有机涂层协同作用的结果,而涂层中APW-I、磷酸锌和钼酸锌的防腐蚀性能优于复合磷酸锌,其中以APW-I颜料性能最为优异。 Epoxy zinc powder primers prepared by replacement of composite zinc phosphate to zinc powder in zincrich epoxy paints were studied by orthogonal design experiment. Zinc phosphate, APW 1 and zinc molybdenum were used to replace composite zinc phosphate. Electrochemica inhibitions of the coatings containing the four pigments in 3.5% NaCl were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectra. The anticorrosion properties of these pigments were obtained by the combination to the immersing times test in 3.5% NaCl. The results shows that composite zinc phos phate can replace zinc powder in zinc-rich epoxy paints used to prepare epoxy zinc powder primers. Cooperative of both zinc powder and organic coatings improve the anticorrosion abilities of epoxy zinc powder primers. The anticorrosion properties of zinc phosphate, APW-1 and zinc molybdenum are superiors than that of composite zinc phosphate, and APW 1 is the best one..国家自然科学基金项目(20566003);广西民族大学重大项目(2008ZD012);广西科学研究与技术开发计划应用基础研究专项(桂科基0991005,桂科能0992028-13

    羊草种质资源的评价与利用

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    羊草是欧亚大陆草原区东部草甸草原及典型草原的重要建群种,具有高产、优质、抗逆、耐牧等特点,是我国具有优势的禾本科多年生牧草和生态草.羊草种质资源的系统研究对羊草草原的保护、人工草地建设、退化草原改良、发展草牧业等均具有重要意义.近年来,我国羊草种质资源各方面研究取得了重大的进展,初步建立了"从草原到实验室,再从实验室走向草原"的研发体系,收集评价了上千份野生羊草种质资源,培育出"中科1,2,3号"羊草系列新品种;建立了羊草测序和优异基因资源挖掘平台,并对羊草重要特异基因进行了克隆和功能研究.本文主要对羊草的起源分布、种质资源评价、新品种选育、繁殖及利用等方面进行了系统地综述,对目前羊草种质资源研究中存在的自交不亲和机理等问题进行探讨,提出应根据羊草种质资源现状以及当前生产需求来调整种质资源研究工作的重点,并将现代科学技术应用于羊草种质创新,加快羊草新品种培育及良种的推广利用,推进我国羊草产业化进程及草牧业发展

    黄河三角洲地区耐盐植物研究进展与展望

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    黄河三角洲地区土壤盐碱化程度高,引进耐盐植物改良该地区盐碱地是一种"治标又治本"的办法.但耐盐植物种类繁多,耐盐机制复杂,盲目引种只能加重生态破坏,因此,加强黄河三角洲地区盐碱地现状调查研究,改良培育适宜的耐盐植物是目前研究的重点.本文综述了黄河三角洲地区现状、耐盐植物种类特点、耐盐机制以及目前研究存在的问题和解决方法,为黄河三角洲地区耐盐植物的研发及盐碱地植物改良提供理论支持

    羊草种子耐海水萌发特性初步研究

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    近年来,海水稻研究引起社会广泛关注。羊草作为耐盐碱乡土草种资源,尚未见羊草耐海水有关试验报道。本文选择S19和S11两份羊草种质,研究了不同海水浓度对种子萌发特性的影响,结果表明,羊草种子萌发率随海水浓度的增加而降低,萌发率与海水浓度呈明显负相关; S19比S11更耐受海水抑制;羊草胚根长度、第一片真叶长度均随海水浓度的增加而受到明显抑制,胚芽鞘所受抑制较小。这些结果对羊草种质资源的耐海水评价和新品种培育具有重要参考价值
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