高校学术权的异化及修正

高校学术权力在本质上应归于权利范畴,而实践中学术权力往往被行政权力所侵蚀、异化,难以衍生为学术管理真正期待的学术自治权利。现代高校运作机制要求我们应在尊重高校自身运作规律的基础上,充分照顾学术权力的自治权利需求,重新定义高校的行政权力与学术权力系统,通过教授自治等学术自治权的运用,修正过度行政化的学术权,实现学术权力服务、保障高校学术体系运作的实质功能。2014年国家社科基金一般项目“高等院校学术权、行政权的分歧与共进研究”(14BFX010

The Communities of Ammonia-oxidizing Organisms in Pearl River Estuary Sediments

[目的]对珠江口海岸带沉积物中的氨氧化细菌和古菌的组成进行分析,并进行定量研究。[方法]用构建克隆文库和Q-PCr定量的方法对珠江口沉积物中氨氧化细菌和古菌AMOA基因的含量和多样性特征进行研究。[结果]在2个沉积物表层,氨氧化古菌的含量是细菌的9和22倍,揭示氨氧化古菌在珠江口的氨氧化过程中起主导作用;系统发育分析表明大多数古菌和细菌的AMOA基因序列与不可培养的源于河口区和污染区域的环境克隆子序列有较高的同源性;细菌AMOA序列可分成5个类群(CluSTEr A、b、C、d和E),均属于nITrOSOMOnAS类群,其中CluSTEr A是主要类群(72.1%);古菌AMOA序列分析表明来自于表层的序列有52.2%属于“水/沉积物“簇,47.8%属于“土壤/沉积物“簇,而沉积物底层厌氧区,检测到的古菌AMOA基因93.3%属于“土壤/沉积物“簇,6.7%属于“水/沉积物“簇,且AMOA基因数量略高于表层。[结论]该研究有助于了解珠江口区域氮的循环过程,为氮的富营养化处理提供重要的理论依据。[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing organism in Pearl River Estuary sediment.[Method] Based on amoA genes,we detected the abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing organism in Pearl River Estuary sediment by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(Q-PCR),cloning and sequencing approaches.[Result] The results of Q-PCR presented that ammonia-oxidizing archaea were more abundant than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the top of sediment cores,with AOA to AOB ratios 8.96(site Q5) and 3.69(site Q7).It suggested that ammonia-oxidizing archaea maybe play more important roles than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the process of ammonia oxidation in the Pearl River Estuary sediment.In the top sediment layer of Q7,bacterial amoA-like gene sequences were dominated by Nitrosomonas-like sequence types,which could be classified into five groups(clusters A,B,C,D,and E).Interestingly,archeal amoA-like gene was successfully amplified while bacterial amoA-like gene failed to be detected.These archeal amoA-like genes fell into two groups "water column/sediment" cluster and "soil/sediment" cluster.Most of the sequences(93.3%) in the bottom sediment layer of Q7 fell into "soil/sediment" cluster.[Conclusion] This study helps to realize the cycle of nitrogen in Pearl River Estuary region,and thus to provide theoretical support for the treatment of nitrogen eutrophication.国家973前期项目(2006CB708200);国家自然科学重点基金项目(40532011

Research Progress on SiCBased Composite Ceramic Prepared Through a SingleSourcePrecursor Route

在碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷中引入异质元素可赋予其更优异的性能,如良好的热稳定性和独特的电磁性能。采用单源聚合物先驱体法制备陶瓷,通过合成不同结构的单; 源聚合物先驱体,可在原子尺度设计、调控陶瓷的组成和微结构等方面,达到优化陶瓷性能的目的。根据近年来的研究成果,介绍了单源聚合物先驱体制备Si-B; -C、Si-M-C (M=Ti, Zr, Hf)和Si-M-C (M=Fe, Ni)复相陶瓷的研究动态,并展望了其今后的发展趋势。The introduction of heterogeneous elements into SiC ceramics can endow; the ceramics with more excellent performances, such as high temperature; stability and unique electromagnetic properties. When preparing ceramics; through a single-source-precursor route, the composition and; microstructure of ceramics can be designed and tailored by tuning the; architecture of single-source-precursors at the atomic scale for; optimizing the ceramic performance. The research trends on Si-B-C,; Si-M-C (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) and Si-M-C (M=Fe, Ni) ceramic composites derived; from a single-source-precursor route were elaborated according to the; research achievements in recent years, meanwhile, its development trend; in the future was discussed.福建省自然科学基金; 华侨大学2016年实验教学改革与建设课

ENERGY FOR MIXED FOREST OF CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA AND TSOONGIODENDRON ODORUM

对杉木观光木混交林群落能量的研究结果表明 :混交林中观光木地上部分灰分含量以皮最高 ,而杉木则以叶最高 ,两者GCV(干重热值 )和AFCV(去灰分热值 )均以叶为最高 ;观光木、杉木地下各部分的灰分含量均随径级的减小而增加 ,GCV均以粗根最高 ,细根最低 ;观光木的平均灰分含量高于杉木 ,但GCV和AFCV均低于杉木 ;从乔木层、灌木层到草本层 ,灰分含量依次增加 ,GCV和AFCV则依次降低 .混交林群落的能量现存量、年净增量、归还量和净固定量分别是纯林的 1.2 6倍、1.15倍、1.0 2倍和 1.0 9倍 ,其中以乔木层的占大部分 ,林下植被虽然能量现存量仅占群落的很小一部分 ,而其能量年净增量、归还量和净固定量却占有一定比重 .混交林群落的太阳能转化率为 1.5 7% ,而纯林为 1.44 % .表明杉观混交林是一种能量生产力较高和维持地力能力较强的杉阔混交类型 .同时 ,混交林的能量累积比大于纯林 ,能量流动速率则低于纯林 ;乔木层的能量累积比高于林下植被 ,能量流动速率则低于林下植被 .从能量的角度看 ,构建合理的群落结构必须选择高能量累积比的乔木层树种 ,同时须促进能量流动速率快的林下植被的发育以维持和提高地力 .表 4参 2 2Based on the measurement of biomass and productivity, the caloric value of plant samples, the standing crop of energy, net energy production and energy conversing efficiency of mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Tsoongiodendron odorum were determined. Among the aboveground fractions, ash content was highest in barks of Tsoongiodendron odorum and in leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata , and GCV and AFCV were both highest in leaves of the two species. For underground fractions, ash content increased with the increase of root diameter size, and GCV was highest in coarse roots and lowest in fine roots. The mean ash content was higher, and the mean of GCV and AFCV of Tsoongiodendron odorum were lower than those of Cunninghamia lanceolata . The mean ash content increased in an order from tree layer, shrub layer to herb layer, while those of GCV and AFCV decreased. The standing crop, net accumulation, production and returning of energy of mixed forest were 1.26, 1.15, 1.09 and 1.02 times as much as that of pure forest, respectively. The undergrowth played an important role in energy process, though it accounted for only a slight proportion in community. The energy conversing efficiency was 1.57% for mixed forest and 1.44% for pure forest. The ratio of energy accumulation was higher, and the rate of energy flow was lower in mixed forest than in pure forest. The tree layer had a higher ratio of energy accumulation and a lower rate of energy flow than undergrowth did. In view of energy efficiency, trees with high accumulated rate of energy should be introduced and growth of undergrowth should be promoted in a managed forest community. Tab 4, Ref 22中国博士后科研基金;; 福建省科委重大基础研究项目 (2 0 0 0 F 0 4 );; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划资

Structural Characteristics and Sources of the Surface Sediments in Xiamen Coast

为研究厦门近海海域表层沉积物的结构特征、组成及来源,于2010年7月采集厦门湾表层沉积物,综合粒径分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法对沉积物进行表征。粒径分析的结果表明,沉积物的主体粒径在80μM附近,且有明显的次粒级峰,并以粗颗粒的主体粒级峰占有优势。研究的沉积物类型主要有三种,砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂-粉砂,其中砂质粉砂是分布最广泛的沉积物类型区域沉积物,其含量达90%以上;而粘土含量以背景点鸡屿岛为最高,达到11.97%。X射线衍射分析表明,沉积物中优势轻矿物为石英、高岭石,部分区域含有石墨及一些零星分布的伊利石、海绿石和斜绿泥石。这些矿物组成显示了厦门湾海域表层沉积物具有较好的亲陆性,同时,其组成也受到了涨潮流的较大影响。沉积物形貌形态的研究发现,厦门湾沉积物组分较为复杂,其中含有多种藻类及其碎片(主要为硅藻)、矿物颗粒(高岭石)及未知名碎片;形状主要有孔状结构、层叠状结构、长条片状和不规则的六边形块状等。In order to study the structural characteristic,composition and source of the sediment in Xiamen coastal waters,the surface sediment in Xiamen Bay was collected in July,2010,and the samples were comprehensively analyzed by particle size analysis,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and other methods.The results of the particle size analysis showed that the main diameter of the sediment was near 80 μm,with a pronounced secondary pea.There are three main types of sea sediments(sandy silt,silty sand,and sand-silt) and sandy silt is the most widely distributed type,which the content of the silt-sand at all study areas was nearly 90%,while the clay content was highest at the background point and reached to 11.97%.The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the dominant light minerals in sediments were Quartz,Kaolinite;some areas contained Graphite.Illite,Glauconite and Clinochlore also had been found in some areas accidentally.The mineral composition showed the surface sediments had a good pro-land,meanwhile,it was affected by the flood current.While,the morphology study found that the composition of the sediments at the study areas were complex,containing a variety of algae and debris(mainly diatoms),minerals(kaolinite) and unknown debris.Cavernous structure,stack-like structure,long flake and irregular hexagon were the main shapes in these sediments.国家自然科学基金(41005082);近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室青年访问学者基金(MELRS1017

Spatial sampling method for crop acreage based on remote sensing in hilly area in Minhou County,Fujian Province

以福建闽侯县作为研究区,采用传统抽样(简单随机抽样、系统抽样、分层抽样); 、空间抽样(空间随机抽样、空间系统抽样、空间分层抽样)等方法对研究区农作物种植面积进行样本抽选、总体推算及误差估计,结果表明: 1 500; m*1 500; m格网为最优抽样单元尺寸,空间分层抽样方法的相对误差为3.86%,变异系数为6.03%,抽样成本为6.03,抽样效率高.与传统抽样方法相比,空间; 抽样方法显著减少样本容量,节约调查成本.Traditional sampling methods of simple random sampling,systematic; sampling,stratified sampling,and spatial sampling methods of spatial; random sampling,spatial system sampling and spatial stratified sampling; were applied to conduct sample extraction,population extrapolation and; error estimation in crop acreage in Minhou County. The results showed; that spatial stratified sampling had the highest sampling efficiency; with 1 500 m*1 500 m square grid as the optimal sampling unit size. And; relative error,variation coefficient and sampling cost was 3.86%,6.03%; and 6.03,respectively. Compared to traditional sampling method,spatial; sampling method significantly reduced sampling size and saved cost.全国统计科学研究项

Improvement of n-butanol recycling technique in industrialized production of silicon dioxide as flatting agent

针对福建某工厂现有工艺生产二氧化硅消光剂过程,采用间歇蒸馏方式回收正丁醇存在时间长、效率低等问题,提出使用双塔精馏工艺进行改进以缩短正丁醇回收时间和提高回收效率。对改进后的工艺使用流程模拟软件进行模拟计算,获得了新的工艺条件参数。改进后,冷凝分层温度为85℃,精馏塔一塔釜液中正丁醇质量分数为99.62%,精馏塔二塔釜中正丁醇质量分数为0.31%。在此基础上搭建了实验室规模精馏装置并进行了验证试验,试验结果与模拟计算值接近,相对平均偏差为5.4%,表明模拟计算的结果可信。模拟计算结果为工业装置的优化提供了依据。改进后,正丁醇回收率将大幅提高,生产周期由原来的10 H缩短为5 H,能耗显著降低。采用此工艺生产二氧化硅消光剂可大幅降低过程成本。In order to reduce time cost and increase efficiency in n-butanol recycling,a double-column distillation process was suggested to replace the existing batch process due to its high time consumption and low efficiency.The improved process was simulated with flow simulation software.The calculated results show that in the improved process,condensing temperature is 85 ℃,the mass fraction of n-butanol at the bottom of Column 1 and Column 2 is 99.62% and 0.31% respectively.The verification tests on lab-scale distillation device were carried out.It shows that the calculated results are close to the tested results,and the average relative deviation is 5.4%,which indicates the calculated results are credible,and can provide a basis for optimization in industrialized plants.Now,n-butanol recycling efficiency increases largely and production cycle is reduced from 10 h to 5 h and energy consumption drops remarkably,so production cost can be largely reduced

福建省闽侯县区域农作物种植面积的空间抽样方案

基于国产GF-1号卫星影像农作物空间分布数据,以正方形网格作为抽样单元形状,综合应用遥感技术、空间抽样方法、模拟退火算法及空间自相关理论,对福建省闽侯县农作物种植面积进行估算.结果表明:根据全局自相关指数Moran’s I及其显著性指标Z Score,选取1 500 m×1 500 m作为最优单元尺寸;对研究区进行剖分,构建抽样框,对比空间随机抽样、空间系统抽样及空间分层抽样的抽样结果,空间分层抽样方法的样本容量为37,相对误差为3.86%,抽样效率最高;运用模拟退火优化算法规划野外调查的最优路径,确定空间抽样调查方案.全国统计科学研究资助项目(2015LZ18

我院开展治疗药物监测的实践与思考

目的讨论开展治疗药物监测(TdM)的临床意义,查找存在不足,并思考解决问题的对策。方法全面总结回顾该院TdM工作开展的基础、主要内容、药学服务举措及教学与科研创新成果,并结合临床实际,探讨今后开展工作的新思路。结果TdM工作中遇到的问题主要是医务人员利用TdM手段实施个体化给药的意识还不够强,医药团队协作能力有待提高。结论应通过加大TdM宣传力度,以TdM为切入口,加强与临床的密切配合与协作,配备更多高素质的临床药师,并通过与药物基因组学的结合,进一步提高治疗药物监测的工作质量