Physiological responses of phytoplankton functional groups to elevated CO2 concentrations

大气pCO2逐渐增加对海洋生物碳循环的影响已经引起广泛关注。海洋浮游植物功能类群，例如硅化和钙化的浮游植物以及蓝细菌等，对大气pCO2增加的响应是其中的核心问题之一。目前，硅藻与钙化球石藻对大气pCO2变化生理响应的比较研究还涉及不多，而对于微型蓝细菌聚球藻的不同株系则尚未见报道。本研究中，我们通过植物生长气候箱调节空气中CO2分别为中浓度（600ppm）和高浓度（800ppm），正常空气CO2浓度为参照，以海洋浮游植物硅藻中肋骨条藻（Skeletonemacostatum）、艾氏球石藻（Emilianiahuxleyi）以及分别富含藻红蛋白（PE）和藻蓝蛋白（PC）的聚球藻（Synechoc...There has been increasing interest in understanding the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on biological processes in terms of ocean carbon cycling. Responses of marine functional groups of phytoplankton, such as silicifying or calcifying phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, to CO2 concentration variations remain one of the central questions. However, few studies on marine diatoms and coccolithopho...学位：理学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学与工程系_环境科学学号：B20023401

Effects of Cadmium and Naphthalene on Germination and Growth of Seedlings of Mangrove Plant Avicennia marina

为探讨白骨壤(Avicennia marina)幼苗对重金属镉(Cd)和多环芳烃萘(Nap)复合胁迫的响应,采用砂基栽培,对其幼苗的萌芽和生长进行了研究。结果表明,Cd、Nap复合胁迫对白骨壤萌芽的抑制效应较单一胁迫明显,胁迫前期幼苗成活率提高,胁迫后期则降低。胁迫栽培45 d,10 mg L~(–1)的Nap在叶形态、茎高及各器官生物量上能够减轻Cd胁迫的影响,但增强对根长的抑制作用,10 mg L~(–1) Nap-25 mg L~(–1) Cd处理的叶面积、叶长、叶宽、茎高及全株生物量分别比25 mg L~(–1) Cd处理的提高9.6%、7.9%、7.4%、5.1%和20.2%,但根长则比150 mg L~(–1) Cd处理的下降11.1%。至胁迫栽培90 d,各处理间幼苗器官及全株生物量无显著影响,复合胁迫对叶形态、茎高和根长等的抑制作用要强于单一Cd胁迫。因此,随着复合胁迫时间的延长,Cd和Nap对白骨壤幼苗的生长由拮抗效应转变为协同效应。In order to understand the response to combined stresses of cadmium(Cd) and naphthalene(Nap), the germination and growth of mangrove plant Avicennia marina seedlings were studied cultured on sand in greenhouse. The results showed that the inhibition effect of seedling germination under Cd-Nap combined stress was more obvious than that under Cd stress. The survival rate increased at early stress stage, and then decreased at later stress stage. After cultured for 45 days, the inhibition effect of Cd on leaf size, stem height and biomass relieved treated with 10 mg L~(–1) Nap, while inhibition effect on root growth enhanced. Compared to treatment with 25 mg L~(–1) Cd, the area, length, width of leaf, stem height and biomass treated with 10 mg L~(–1) Nap-25 mg L~(–1) Cd increased by 9.6%, 7.9%, 7.4%, 5.1% and 20.2%, respectively, while root length decreased by 11.1% compared to treatment with 150 mg L~(–1) Cd. When cultured for 90 days, the inhibitive effect of Cd-Nap stress on leaf size, stem height and root growth was stronger than that of Cd stress, but there was no significant difference in biomass. Therefore, with extension of combined stress time, the antagonistic effect of Cd-Nap on A. marina seedling growth turned into synergistic effect.福建省自然科学基金项目(2015J01169)资助~

Absorption and distribution of K,Na and Mg in Avicennia marina seedlings under cadmium stress

采用砂基栽培,研究重金属镉(Cd)不同胁迫浓度(0、0.5、5、25、50、100和150Mg·l-1)和胁迫时间(45和90 d)对红树植物白骨壤幼苗钾钠镁吸收与分配的影响.结果表明:白骨壤各器官对Cd的吸收和累积均表现为随Cd胁迫浓度上升而增加,随胁迫时间增加而增加的趋势;进入植物体内的Cd主要富集在根部,其次是凋落子叶,在150 Mg·l-1浓度下分别占累积总量的66.9%和16.3%,这对减少Cd对植物全株的危害具有积极意义.受Cd胁迫影响90 d后,根和茎中nA含量呈上升趋势,叶和子叶中呈下降趋势;根和子叶中k含量呈下降趋势,茎和叶中变化不明显;Cd胁迫90 d后各器官(根、茎、叶和子叶)中Mg含量均低于对照,且与Cd含量呈显著负相关.In this paper,mangrove seedlings Avicennia marina were treated with various contents of cadmium( 0,0.5,5,25,50,100,150 mg·L-1).These seedlings were cultivated by man-made seawater with a salinity of 15 in sand for 90 days in a greenhouse.The absorption and distribution of elements contents( K,Na and Mg) under cadmium stress were investigated at 45 th and 90 th day,respectively.The results showed that the enrichment of cadmium in the different components of seedlings increased with the increasing cadmium stress level and exposure time.The cadmium contents in roots and cotyledons were relatively higher than in the other components,accounting for66.9% and 16.3% of cadmium in the seedlings under the 150 mg·L-1cadmium stress,respectively.The fall of cotyledons could reduce the damage of cadmium stress to the whole seedlings.The Na contents increased in roots and stems and decreased in leaves and cotyledons after cadmium stress for 90 days.The K content decreased in roots and cotyledons,while had no significant change in stems and leaves.The Mg content in roots,stems,leaves and cotyledons of seedlings treated with cadmium for 90 days were lower than those of the control,and were negatively related to the cadmium content.福建省自然科学基金项目(2010J05098); 国家海洋局环保司2013年业务性科研课题-国家海洋环境保护与监测项目资

Design and implementation of the energy management and intelligent monitoring system of a zero energy consumption house

针对2013中国国际太阳能十项全能竞赛比赛规则及零能耗建筑的特点,结合比赛地点山西大同的气候数据,给出了厦门大学参赛作品,零能耗小屋Sunny InSIdE的能源管理与智能监控系统设计方案。以光伏建筑一体化理论为基础,设计15.25kW光伏并网发电系统,并用相关软件对能耗平衡进行了模拟验证。以三菱PlC为核心,构建了能源管理与智能监控系统,分析了不同条件下空调、相变及遮阳系统的控制策略,并给出具体实现方法。According to the rules of the Solar Decathlon China 2013 and the characteristics of zero energy consumption house, combining with the climate data in competition city—Datong Shanxi, an energy management and intelligent monitoring system for the zero energy consumption house called Sunny Inside from Xiamen University was born.A 15.25kW photovoltaic grid connected power system was designed based on building integrated photovoltaic theory, and used relevant simulation software to test energy balance property.An energy management and intelligent monitoring system was constructed based on Mitsubishi PLC, analyzed the control strategy of heating ventilation and air conditioning, phase-change material and shading system under different conditions, and gave a concrete realization method

Difference analysis on effects of single and combination stresses of Cd and Nap on physiology of mangrove Avicennia marina seedlings

采用砂基培养法,对不同浓度镉(Cd)(0、25和150 Mg·l-1)和萘(nAP)(0和10 Mg·l-1)单一及复合胁迫45和90 d后红树植物白骨壤〔AVICEnnIA MArInA(fOrSk.)VIErH.〕的叶片叶绿素含量,根尖和叶片的MdA、AS A和可溶性蛋白质含量及SOd和POd活性,根、茎、子叶和叶片中的Cd含量进行了比较分析。结果表明:胁迫处理45 d时,Cd-nAP复合胁迫处理组的叶片叶绿素A含量、根尖和叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量及SOd和POd活性大多显著高于相同浓度Cd单一胁迫处理组,叶片叶绿素b含量显著低于后者,CHlA/CHlb值显著高于后者。胁迫处理90 d时,与相同浓度Cd单一胁迫处理组相比,Cd-nAP复合胁迫处理组叶片的叶绿素A、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量以及CHlA/CHlb值,根尖和叶片的MdA和AS A含量总体上无显著差异,而根尖和叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量和POd活性及根尖的SOd活性均显著提高。经Cd-nAP复合胁迫处理后白骨壤幼苗的根、茎、子叶和叶片中的Cd含量总体上高于相同浓度Cd单一胁迫处理组,且随胁迫时间延长其差异越来越明显。研究结果显示:在Cd-nAP复合胁迫条件下Cd和nAP具有协同作用,随胁迫时间延长和Cd浓度提高,Cd-nAP复合胁迫对白骨壤幼苗的伤害逐渐增强,并能够促进各器官对Cd的累积。Chlorophyll content in leaf,MDA,As A,soluble protein contents and SOD and POD activities in root tip and stem,Cd content in root,stem,cotyledon and leaf of mangrove Avicennia marina( Forsk.)Vierh.of different treatment groups after single and combination stressed for 45 and 90 d with different concentrations of cadmium( Cd)( including 0,25 and 150 mg · L- 1) and naphthalene( Nap)( including 0 and 10 mg·L- 1) were comparatively analyzed by sand culture method.The results show that when stressed for 45 d,Chla content in leaf,soluble protein content and SOD and POD activities in root tip and leaf of Cd-Nap combination stress treatment group are mostly significantly higher than those of single stress treatment group with the same concentration of Cd,Chlb content in leaf is significantly lower than that of the latter,and Chla / Chlb ratio is significantly higher than that of the latter.When stressed for 90 d,compared with single stress treatment group with the same concentration of Cd,there are generally no significant differences in Chla,Chlb and total chlorophyll contents and Chla / Chlb ratio of leaf,MDA and As A contents in root tip and leaf of Cd-Nap combination stress treatment group,while soluble protein content and POD activity in root tip and leaf and SOD activity in root tip are all increased significantly.After treated by Cd-Nap combination stress,Cd content in root,stem,cotyledon and leaf of A.marina seedlings is generally higher than that of single stress treatment group with the same concentration of Cd,and their differences are more and more obvious with prolonging of stress time.It is suggested that under condition of Cd-Nap combination stress,Cd and Nap have a synergistic effect,with prolonging of stress time and increasing of Cd concentration,damage of Cd-Nap combination stress to A.marina seedlings enhances gradually and Cd-Nap combination stress can promote the accumulation of Cd in different organs.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2010J05098); 国家海洋局海洋环境保护司2013年业务性科研课题(HD130701

The ecophysiological effect of PAHs on mangrove Kandelia candel（L.）Druce seedling as well as the concentration and distribution of PAHs in mangrove wetlands of Jiulong River Estuary

在实验室条件下，分别以0.1、1和10mg/L的萘（Nap）和芘（Pyr）3个梯度浓度组级砂基培养秋茄（Kandeliacandel（L.）Druce）幼苗，培养基盐度15‰，培养期60d，以不加PAHs为对照，分析了Nap和Pyr对红树植物秋茄幼苗的生长、光合代谢、水分代谢以及膜保护系统的影响，探讨PAHs对红树植物秋茄的的生理生态效应及植物性毒害（Phytotoxicity）的机理。并探讨了福建九龙江口沿岸主要红树林湿地（浮宫、海门岛南北岸、白礁）及厦门西港（东屿）和东咀港（凤林）表层沉积物、红树植物地下根以及林地残留叶中亲体PAHs含量与分布，对污染特征和来源以及PAHs理化特性参数（水...In this paper，Kandelia candel（L.）Druce hypocotyls were cultivated in sand and treated with 15‰ salinity for 60 days under laboratory conditions. The influence of increasing concentrations of Napthalene and Pyrene (0，0.1，1 and 10mg/L) on hypocotyl germination and growth，photosynthesis metabolism，water metabolism and membrane protection system were observed to inquire into the ecophysiological respo...学位：工学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：19993400

Ecophysiological Responses of Mangrove Kandelia candel(L.)Druce Seedlings to Pyrene Stress

采用砂基栽培,研究不同浓度(0,0.1,1,10 Mg/l)多环芳烃芘(Pyr),对红树植物秋茄(kAndElIA CAndEl)幼苗光合色素含量、光合速率、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量以及水分代谢的影响.结果表明:Pyr在0.1 Mg/l及以下浓度,对秋茄幼苗叶片CHlA、CHlb、叶绿素总量以及叶片的净光合速率的影响不明显;而浓度达1 Mg/l及以上水平,则幼苗叶片CHlA、CHlb和叶绿素总量均随之提高,CHlA与CHlb比值未发生明显变化,而净光合速率则随之降低;Pyr浓度达1 Mg/l及以上水平,对幼苗叶片的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,具有明显的促进作用.随着Pyr浓度的提高,幼苗原胚轴组织水势逐渐降低.Pyr浓度为0.1 Mg/l,叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率较对照组有明显提高,表现了PAHS的正刺激作用;浓度为1--10 Mg/l,叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著降低.秋茄幼苗对环境Pyr胁迫的抗性适宜生长的浓度范围在0.1--1Mg/l之间.In this paper,the effects of increased concentrations of pyrene(0,0.1,1 and 10 mg/L) on the photosynthetic pigments,net photosynthetic rate,soluble sugar,soluble protein content,and water metabolism of mangrove Kandelia candel(L.) Druce seedlings were studied in sand culture.The results showed: the photosynthetic pigments and net photosynthetic rate of leaves showed no significant difference at concentration of 0.1mg/L pyrene.With increasing pyrene level,the photosynthetic pigments significantly increased at concentration of 1 mg/L pyrene and above,while the net photosynthetic rate significantly decreased.The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b had no significant difference.Increasing pyrene concentrations(1 mg/L and above) induced an increase in the soluble sugar and soluble protein content of leaves.With increasing pyrene level,the water potential in hypocotyls decreased.The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of seedlings at 1 mg/L were significantly higher than that of the control seedlings,whereas significantly decreased when at 1 and 10 mg/L pyrene.The tolerance range of pyrene in mangrove Kandelia candel(L.) Druce seedlings may be 0.1--1 mg/L.福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(D0710025

Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater by mangrove leaf litter

在实验室条件下,研究了海水中多环芳烃(PAHs)(含低分子量PAHs苊、菲和屈艹以及高分子量PAHs苯并[g,h,i]芘)浓度分别为40、400和4000μg·L-1时,红树植物秋茄(Kandeliacandel)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)不同分解状态落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附作用。结果显示:在同等PAHs浓度下,秋茄和白骨壤落叶碎屑对4种PAHs的吸附总量相近,树种间或分解状态间的吸附差异不显著;随着PAHs浓度的增加,2种红树植物落叶碎屑对4种PAHs的吸附率均呈现逐渐增加的趋势;PAHs浓度较低时,落叶碎屑对艹屈和菲有较高的吸附率或选择性吸附,PAHs浓度较高时,落叶碎屑对苯并[g,h,i]芘吸附率提高。上述结果表明,不同分解状态下的红树植物落叶碎屑对海水中PAHs均有较强吸附能力,及时清除落叶碎屑,是去除海水中PAHs的有效途径之一。Under laboratory conditions, this paper studied the adsorption of different concentration (40, 400 and 4 000 μg·L-1) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including low molecular weight acenaphthylene, phenathrene and chrysene and high molecular weight benzo[g,h,i]perylene in seawater by the leaf litters of Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina at different decomposition status. The results showed that at the same concentrations, the total amount of test PAHs adsorbed by the K. candel and A. marina leaf litters had no significant difference, in spite of their decomposition status. The adsorbed amount of the PAHs tended to increase with their increasing concentrations. The litters had a higher adsorption rate of or exhibited selective adsorption to phenathrene and chrysene when the PAHs concentrations were lower, and had a higher adsorption rate of benzo[g,h,i]perylene when the PAHs concentrations were higher. These results indicated that mangrove leaf litter at different decomposition status had higher adsorption rates of PAHs in seawater. It is suggested that cleaning up the mangrove leaf litter in time could be one of the most effective ways to remove PAHs from seawater.福建省自然科学基金(D0710025);; 国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金计划资助项目(2004103