New Process of Palladium Electroplating Form Potassium Citrate Bath

研究在柠檬酸钾和草酸铵镀液体系中镀钯工艺。结果表明，采用本实验室研制的添加剂XP-4和XP-7以及PPS和ff，则可在电流密度0.5~3.5A/dM2、温度40~60℃的宽范围内获得全光亮的钯电沉积层。钯沉积的电流效率和沉积速度在镀液中钯含量为10g/l、1.0A/dM2的条件下分别可达到92.0%和0.25μM/MIn，并随电流密度和镀液中钯含量的变化而改变。XP-4和XP-7均阻化钯的电沉积，提高钯电沉积的过电位。它们共存时可使把电沉积的电位负移达240MV。Process of Pd plating From system of potassium citrate and ammonium oxalate is investigated.Results show, with additives of XP-4, XP-7, PPS and FF prepared in our laboratory, Full bright Pd electrodeposit can be obtained in wide range of 0.5-3.5 A/dm2 and 4a-60℃ and at 1.0 A/dm2 and Pd 10 g/L contg in bath, current eFFiciency and deposition rate are 92.0% and 0.25μm/min respectively,which will be changed with change of c.d.and Pd content in bath.Both XP-4 and XP-7 inhibit Pd electrodeposition and cause increase of deposition overpotential.Their co existence can make Pd electrodeposition potential shiFt to negative value, up to 240mV

Understanding the mixed economy of welfare

Translation of: Understanding the mixed economy of welfare / Martin Powell. Bristol : Policy, 2007

Understanding the mixed economy of welfare

Translation of: Understanding the mixed economy of welfare / Martin Powell. Bristol : Policy, 2007

The purchase of intimacy : Chinese urban one-child families in housing consumption

This study examines the changes of family life and relationships in urban China with reference to the filial piety and intimacy theories as well as the individualization thesis. It takes housing consumption as an entry point and focuses on the intergenerational relations in one-child families. It adopts qualitative research methods to explore consumption practices and the meanings attached to these actions and events for these families. I conducted in-depth interviews with 22 families (middle-aged parents and/or adult children) and ethnographic observation in Guangzhou during the period of 2010 and 2011. This study examines the meanings attached to housing consumption from the perspective of these urban families. It shows how parents use money to express their love/care and to define their children’s filial obligations. It also demonstrates how parents use their grey money to secure a better future for both generations. It also illustrates the process of consumption to show differentiated family strategies for achieving collective well-being. It also presents their power dynamics and varied ways that parents and children negotiate and handle conflicts for individual goals. It examines the specific socioeconomic context regarding numerous risks and abundant opportunities that are faced by these families. This study thereby enables us to see more clearly the interactions between the state, the market and family dynamics in modern China. It is argued that urban Chinese parents who play an active and leading role in housing consumption use their money to purchase intimacy with only children. Their desires are socially constructed by their life experiences since the Mao era and by their children’s struggles in a marketized economy. Thus this study challenges the victimized image of Chinese parents and refines the over-simplified exchange logic of parental investment in the market economy. Their desires and agency as middle-aged people with only children in a rapid socioeconomic transformation have to be addressed. It notes the rise of new filial individuals among only children in the individualization of Chinese society. They are not the uncivil individuals as portrayed by scholars and the media, but rather the dutiful ones who have a heightened filial sense and also engage in new filial practices. Their ideas of filial piety are less about life-debt (due to parents’ giving them life and raising them up), obedience (to parents) and moral obligations. It is more about money-debt (due to parental investment in housing and other financing projects), exchange of material assistance and emotional bonds. This study thus helps develop a new way of understanding filial piety among young Chinese and reconsider the impacts of individualization on family relations and on the younger generation. The study shows a visible trend of refamiliation with cooperation, conflicts and negotiations involved. By stressing the necessity of collective decision-making between this two-generation collective in housing consumption, these parents and children are building up a negotiable intimacy that reconfirms the vital importance of family intimacy over conjugal intimacy. It thus develops a new model of exploring housing consumption in urban China and helps redefine the Western concept of intimacy.published_or_final_versionSocial Work and Social AdministrationDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph

A Study on the Electrodeposition of Palladium and it′s Nucleation

研究在柠檬酸钾和草酸铵镀液体系中纯钯电沉积及电结晶机理．结果表明，采用本实验室研制的添加剂②ＸＰ－４和ＸＰ－７，可在电流密度０．５～３．５Ａ／ｄｍ２，温度４０～６０℃的宽广范围内获得全光亮的钯电沉积积层．采用脉冲电源电镀可有效地改善厚沉积层质量，减少沉积层裂纹和孔洞．循环伏安实验表明，钯电极过程的阴阳极峰电位之差达１．０５Ｖ，说明其电极过程明显不可逆；伏安图上同时出现一感抗性电流环，说明钯沉积过程发生晶核形成过程；ＸＰ－４和ＸＰ－７阻化电沉积和氢的析出，提高钯电沉积的沉积电位．电位阶跃实验进一步表明，钯遵循连续成核和三－维生长的电结晶机理．The electrodeposition and nucleation of palladium are studied in the system of potassium citrate and ammonium oxalate. The results show that, with the additives of XP 4 and XP 7 prepared in our laboratory, a full bright palladium electrodeposits will be obtained in the wide ranges of the cathode current densities 0.5～3.5 A/dm 2 and temperature 40～60 ℃; the qualities of the thick deposits will be effectively improved by means of pulse current plating. Cyclic voltammograms results show that the division of peaks between anodic and cathodic on the electrode process of palladium will be up to 1.05 V, which shows the irreversible electrode process; and a inductive current cycle is appeared,which means the process of nucleation; XP 4 and XP 7 inhibit both palladium electrodeposition and hydrogen evolution, therefore cause the deposition potential of palladium to more negative; potential step experiments furtherly show that the nucleation of palladium obeyed progressive uncleation mechanism both with the studied additives or without them.作者联系地址：厦门大学化学系物理化学研究所Author's Address: Chem. Dept., Insti of Phys. Chem. Xiamen Univ., Xiamen 36100

Adsorption of metal-organic complex molecule on Au(111) surface

The adsorption of metal-organic complex molecule ([Cu-2(mu-O)(dptap)(4)(NO3)(2)], where dptap represents 2-(2-pyridylimino)-2H-1, 2, 4-thia-diazolo[2, 3-a] pyridine) on Au(111) surface is studied by STM. STM resluts show coexistence of undissociative and dissociative adsorption of the molecule. The former shows regular arrangements of the molecule, while the latter gives a (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees Cu adlayer structure. The possible origin of the coexistence of undissociative and dissociative adsorption is discussed

绿洲农业高效用水技术集成与示范

简要技术说明： 该成果围绕棉花、葡萄、小麦3大作物,从干旱绿洲区作物高效用水和提高作物水分生产效率的目标出发,研究形成了棉花高效用水技术模式3套、葡萄高效用水技术模式1套、小麦优化灌溉节水及配套栽培技术模式1套、干旱绿洲区农业高效用水管理技术模式1套,开发了15项农业节水关键技术和1套“农业灌溉决策支持系统”,筛选出节水配套抗旱小麦品种2个、抗旱棉花品种1个,制定了农业高效用水技术规程7项,研发了专利产品1项、软件著作权登记1项,人才培养12名、发表论文45篇。通过对高效灌溉技术、农艺高效用水技术、高效用水管理技术等3方面的关键技术的集成与创新,研究形成了干旱绿洲区特色作物(棉花、葡萄、..