Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Na_2MnSiO_4/C Cathode Material for Na-Ion Batteries

首次采用溶胶-凝胶法制备nA2MnSIO4/C纳米复合正极材料.X射线衍射(Xrd)和rIETVEld结构精修结果表明,合成的nA2MnSIO4材料为单斜晶系、Pn空间群.红外光谱(fTIr)结果证实材料中不含有nA2SIO3和SIO2等杂质.电化学测试结果表明,该材料在1 MOl·l-1nAClO4/PC电解液中,电流密度为14 M A·g-1、电压范围为1.5~4.2V(VS.nA+/nA)测试条件下,其首次可逆放电比容量高达113 M AH·g-1.As a promising cathode material for sodium ion batteries, pure phase Na2MnSiO4/C nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a sol-gel method with a citric acid as a complex agent.The as prepared material was characterized by XRD, FTIR,SEM and TEM techniques.XRD and Rietveld refinement results indicated that the sample was indexed as monoclinic structure with space group of Pn.It was observed by SEM and TEM that the obtained product consisted of micro-scaled secondary particles,which were composed of NaMnSiO4 nanocrystallites and amorphous carbon network.More importantly, the uniform carbon network in the nanocomposite greatly enhanced the electronic conductivity of the material, thus, resulted in the impressive electrochemical performance.The electrochemical tests showed that the Na2MnSiO4/C could deliver a reversible capacity of 113 m Ah·g-1(vs.Na+/Na) at a current density of 14 m A·g-1within 1.5 ~ 4.2 V when 1 mol·L-1NaClO4+ PC was used as the electrolyte.973国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2011CB935903); 国家自然科学基金项目(No.21233004)资

D—990离子交换树脂吸附铂和铼性能的研究

研究了在酸性介质中Ｄ－９９０离子交换树脂吸附铂和铼的性能。在较低酸度下，该树脂对铂和铼有良好的吸附性能，吸附容量分别达到铂１０２ｍｇ／ｇ干树脂和铼１６２ｍｇ／ｇ干树脂。在较高酸度下，铼很容易解吸，而铂不解吸仍留在树脂上，此特性有利于铂和铼的分离

P-950哌啶树脂分离金和钯

研究了盐酸浓度、氯化钠浓度、金和钯和起始浓度、选择性络合剂及温度等因素对Ｐ－９５０树脂分离金和钯的影响，结果表明，在适宜的盐酸浓度和有氯离子存在的条件下，该树脂能优先吸附金，提高温度有利于金与钯分离，用有机醛、酮为络合剂（ＲＯ）可从载有 钯的树脂选择性解吸金，而钯不被解吸，从而达到金和钯分离的目的

D-990离子交换树脂吸附铂和铼性能的研究

研究了在酸性介质中Ｄ－９９０离子交换树脂吸附铂和铼的性能。在较低酸度下，该树脂对铂和铼有良好的吸附性能，吸附容量分别达到铂１０２ｍｇ／ｇ干树脂和铼１６２ｍｇ／ｇ干树脂。在较高酸度下，铼很容易解吸，而铂不解吸仍留在树脂上，此特性有利于铂和铼的分离

D—990离子交换树脂吸附铂和铼性能的研究

研究了在酸性介质中Ｄ－９９０离子交换树脂吸附铂和铼的性能。在较低酸度下，该树脂对铂和铼有良好的吸附性能，吸附容量分别达到铂１０２ｍｇ／ｇ干树脂和铼１６２ｍｇ／ｇ干树脂。在较高酸度下，铼很容易解吸，而铂不解吸仍留在树脂上，此特性有利于铂和铼的分离

P-950哌啶树脂分离金和钯

研究了盐酸浓度、氯化钠浓度、金和钯的起始浓度、选择性络合剂及温度等因素对Ｐ－９５０树脂分离金和钯的影响．结果表明，在适宜的盐酸浓度和有氯离子存在的条件下，该树脂能优先吸附金．提高温度有利于金与钯分离．用有机醛、酮为络合剂（ＲＯ）可从载有金和钯的树脂上选择性解吸金，而钯不被解吸，从而达到金和钯分离的目

Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Na2MnSiO4/C Cathode Material for Na-Ion batteries

首次采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Na2MnSiO4/C纳米复合正极材料. X射线衍射（XRD）和Rietveld结构精修结果表明,合成的Na2MnSiO4材料为单斜晶系、Pn空间群. 红外光谱（FTIR）结果证实材料中不含有Na2SiO3和SiO2等杂质. 电化学测试结果表明，该材料在1 mol·L-1 NaClO4/PC电解液中，电流密度为14 mA·g-1、电压范围为1.5 ~4.2 V（vs. Na+/Na）测试条件下，其首次可逆放电比容量高达113 mAh·g-1.As a promising cathode material for sodium ion batteries, pure phase Na2MnSiO4/C nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by a sol-gel method with a citric acid as a complex agent. The as prepared material was characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM techniques. XRD and Rietveld refinement results indicated that the sample was indexed as monoclinic structure with space group of Pn. It was observed by SEM and TEM that the obtained product consisted of micro-scaled secondary particles, which were composed of NaMnSiO4 nanocrystallites and amorphous carbon network. More importantly, the uniform carbon network in the nanocomposite greatly enhanced the electronic conductivity of the material, thus, resulted in the impressive electrochemical performance. The electrochemical tests showed that the Na2MnSiO4/C could deliver a reversible capacity of 113 mAh·g-1 (vs. Na+/Na) at a current density of 14 mA·g-1 within 1.5 ~ 4.2 V when 1 mol·L-1 NaClO4 + PC was used as the electrolyte.973国家重点基础研究发展计划（No. 2011CB935903）和国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21233004）资助作者联系地址：1. 厦门大学 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室，化学化工学院，福建 厦门 361005；2. 厦门大学能源学院，福建 厦门 361005；3. 厦门大学材料学院，福建 厦门 361005Author's Address: 1. State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; 2. College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; 3. College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

The toxic effects of ozone on the embryonic development and postembryonic larvae of Epinephelus coioide

为了评价臭氧消毒技术及其对石斑鱼(EPInEPHEluS)潜在的毒性,首先评价了两种质量浓度(0.05 Mg/l和0.30Mg/l)臭氧对亚硝酸盐和弧菌的水处理效果,并以斜带石斑鱼(E.COIOIdE)受精卵为实验材料,探讨臭氧对胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的毒性作用。结果显示,臭氧的水处理效果良好,0.30 Mg/l的臭氧在3 H内对水中亚硝酸盐的去除率可达72.29%;0.05 Mg/l的臭氧处理20 MIn后也能完全杀灭弧菌。但高浓度臭氧(0.30 Mg/l)对胚胎发育具有一定的毒性,会造成胚胎油球数目增多、萎缩、解体和死亡,而低浓度组(0.05 Mg/l)臭氧处理后22 H胚胎孵化率高达(87.14±7.20)%,与对照组无显著差异。与胚胎相比,初孵仔鱼对臭氧更加敏感,0.05 Mg/l的臭氧处理24 H也会导致初孵仔鱼的全部死亡。本研究结果旨在为石斑鱼育苗及养殖过程中正确使用臭氧消毒技术提供重要的数据参考和理论依据。Epinephelus coioide is one of the most important seawater fish that cultured in China.In recent years, with the breakthrough of grouper artificial seedling rearing, the farming scale of grouper has expanded rapidly, and the gross of cultured grouper reached 59 534 tons in 2011.The effective prevention and control of virus, vibrio, and the effective treatment for harmful water quality factors is the key link in grouper artificial seedling rearing.In traditional pond farming mode, strong oxidizers, such as chloride, iodine and potassium permanganate, have played a significant role in disease prevention and water treatment.In recent years, flatfish industrial farming system, as a mature mode, has been driving the technology intergration of grouper recirculating aquiculture system.The solid oxidants mentioned above were greatly limited in the advanced farming mode, while ozone, a kind of gas disinfectant, not only can remove toxic substance such as nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen and killed pathogenic bacteria effectively, but also will not cause secondary pollution, has been widely applied in water treatment of recirculating aquiculture system in the European Union, the United States, Japan and other developed countries.Although the efficiency and stability of ozone disinfection was widely recognized, its security, especially its toxic effects on the cultured livestock, cannot be ignored.In order to evaluate the ozone disinfection and the potential toxicity of ozone to E.coioide, the efficiency of ozone at two kind of concentration(0.05 mg/L and 0.30 mg/L) on water treatment, such as removing vibrio and nitrite, was assessed.Furthermore, using the zygote of E.coioide as material, the toxic effects of ozone on the embryonic development and post-embryonic larvae were discussed.Our results demonstrated that the efficiency of ozone on water treatment was favorable, when the concentration of ozone reached 0.30 mg/L, the removal rate of nitrite can be up to 72.29% within 3 h; at the applied ozone dose of 0.05 mg/L and a treatment time of 20min, the vibrio all can be killed, while the amount of vibrio in the hatching water that was not disinfected by ozone showed a trend of increase, which was fatal to the embryonic development and post-embryonic larvae.However, the higher concentration of ozone had toxic effects on the embryonic development to some extent, which can caused the number of oil globules increased and led to analosis, collapse and death of the embryo, while the hatching rate can be up to(87.14±7.20)% when the embryo treated with the lower concentration of ozone(0.05 mg/L), suggesting the lower concentration of ozone(0.05 mg/L) had no significant effects on the embryo.The post-embryonic larvae were more sensitive to ozone compared with the embryo, all the post-embryonic larvae died when they exposed to the lower concentration of ozone(0.05 mg/L) for 24 h.The results of this study provided some important reference data and theoretical basis for using the ozone disinfection technology properly in the process of seedling rearing and cultivating of E.coioide, and was significant to the sustainable and healthy development of grouper rearing.国家质检公益项目资助(201210055); 国家支撑计划项目资助(2011BAD13-B08

Pyridine-Based Electron-Transport Materials with High Solubility, Excellent Film-Forming Ability, and Wettability for Inkjet-Printed OLEDs

Film morphology has predominant influence on the performance of multilayered organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), whereas there is little reported literature from the angle of the molecular level to investigate the impact on film-forming ability and device performance. In this work, four isomeric cross-linkable electron-transport materials constructed with pyridine, 1,2,4-triazole, and vinylbenzyl ether groups were developed for inkjet-printed OLEDs. Their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (∼3.20 eV) and highest occupied molecular orbital (∼6.50 eV) levels are similar, which are mainly determined by the 1,2,4-triazole groups. The triplet energies of these compounds can be tuned from 2.51 to 2.82 eV by different coupling modes with the core of pyridine, where the 2,6-pyridine-based compound has the highest value of 2.82 eV. Film formation and solubility of the compounds were investigated. It was found that the 2,6-pyridine-based compound outperformed the 2,4-pyridine, 2,5-pyridine, and 3,5-pyridine-based compounds. The spin-coated blue OLEDs based on the four compounds have achieved over 14.0% external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) at the luminance of 100 cd m^–2, and a maximum EQE of 12.1% was obtained for the inkjet-printed device with 2,6-pyridine-based compound

Embedded Ag/Ni Metal-Mesh with Low Surface Roughness As Transparent Conductive Electrode for Optoelectronic Applications

Metal-mesh is one of the contenders to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) for optoelectronic applications. However, considerable surface roughness accompanying metal-mesh type of transparent electrodes has been the root cause of electrical short-circuiting for optoelectronic devices, such as organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and organic photovoltaic (OPV). In this work, a novel approach to making metal-mesh TCE has been proposed that is based on hybrid printing of silver (Ag) nanoparticle ink and electroplating of nickel (Ni). By polishing back the electroplated Ni, an extremely smooth surface was achieved. The fabricated Ag/Ni metal-mesh TCE has a surface roughness of 0.17 nm, a low sheet resistance of 2.1 Ω/□, and a high transmittance of 88.6%. The figure of merit is 1450, which is 30 times better than ITO. In addition, the Ag/Ni metal-mesh TCE shows outstanding mechanical flexibility and environmental stability at high temperature and humidity. Using the polished Ag/Ni metal-mesh TCE, a flexible quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) was fabricated with an efficiency of 10.4 cd/A and 3.2 lm/W at 1000 cd/m²