27 research outputs found

    A Study on the efficiency in the Supply Chain Association

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    供应链联盟是企业为取得比单独运行更高的经济效益,通过与多个企业结盟,建立的互相信任、共担风险、共享收益的合作关系。它是一种新型的组织形式,是制造经济向信息经济迈进下的产物。但与此同时,也容易暴露联盟内的弊端,问题的关键在于联盟内的信息不对称、个体追求自身利益最大化等,从而增加了联盟内运行的风险,降低联盟内的合作效率。因此在联盟内实现企业的协调与合作是建立长期、稳定的供应链联盟的关键。 目前,国内外对供应链联盟内的关系已经取得了一定进展,但对联盟内企业间合作效率的研究还不够完善,以往的研究主要体现在合作伙伴的选择和评价方法上。 本文首先运用交易成本理论阐述供应链联盟形成的原因,通过供应链联盟...The Supply Chain Association is a new type of economic organization, as a production of industrial changing into info era, for obtaining higher efficiency, couples of corporations allied together for risk care and benefit sharing. Moreover, this collaboration makes a better use of other enterprises recourses. However, With the problem of information asymmetry and the selfish of maximizing profit, ...学位:经济学硕士院系专业:经济学院经济研究所_产业经济学学号:20041602

    Research on Stone Industry Supply Chain Financing of Bank of China Xiamen Branch

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    “世界石材在中国,中国石材在福建,福建石材在厦门。”截止2009年11月底,按全国石材贸易额前500强名单统计,厦门港石材进出口总额20.6亿美元,占全国石材贸易额前500强企业比重为75.7%,2009年1-11月厦门市石材进出口总量超过1000万美金的达到32家。 目前厦门中行介入的石材企业仅为万里石集团及个别从事石材进出口代理的贸易公司,拓展石材企业业务仍有较大空间。本文分析了石材行业的特性、商业模式及厦门各银行介入石材行业的现状,同时注意到在石材产业链中推行供应链融资将是厦门中行大举进入石材行业这一市场的较好切入点。在对供应链的概念进行界定后,本文分析了供应链融资的含义和供应链融资的...“Chinese stone is the most famous in the world. Stone in China. Fujian’s stone is the most famous in China. Xiamen’s stone is the most famous in Fujian Province. "By the end of November 2009, according to the statistics of the top 500 trade enterprise in National Stone list, total import and export of Xiamen Stone is USD2.06 billion, accounting for 75.7% of the top 500 trade enterprise. From Janua...学位:工商管理硕士院系专业:管理学院工商管理教育中心(MBA中心)_工商管理硕士(MBA)学号:1552005130133

    生態圏型都市開発における城中村と社会的疎外 : 香湖湾の再開発を事例に

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    University of Tokyo(東京大学

    生产性服务业集聚水平的影响因素——基于福建省的面板数据实证研究

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    文章采用区位熵(lQ)指标,利用福建省9个地级市及以上城市的面板数据,对福州、厦门、莆田、三明、泉州、漳州、南平、龙岩和宁德等城市的生产性服务业集聚水平进行了测算,分析各地生产性服务业集聚的影响因素。实证分析表明,福建省生产性服务业的优势正在或已经形成,但其地理分布不均衡,各种不同因素共同影响生产性服务业集聚水平。其中,市场规模、人力资本、信息化水平和政府政策与生产性服务业集聚水平正相关,而制造业发展水平、外商直接投资与生产性服务业集聚水平负相关。为此,应营造发展环境,落实支持政策,推动生产性服务业的快速发展。福建省教育厅社科A类重点项目(项目编号:JA13193S

    商品价格波动与采购风险管理研究

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    源于竞争的压力,许多企业都通过优化其供应链的内外部流程供应链来增强竞争优势。许多正设法降低来自于采购的成本。本文探讨在市场价格不确定的情况下,供应链企业成员采购时如何规避的风险,保持供应链的紧密性和稳定性。首先讨论了全球一体化过程中,企业竞争的特征变为供应链之间的竞争,并且分析了当今影响市场价格的因素,提出管理价格风险的必要性和紧迫性;接着分析供应链运作过程中规避风险三种可行的办法:(1)用期货市场规避风险;(2)供应双方共享风险和抵销风险;(3)信息搜集与预测。最后建议企业应当内部完善培养风险分析人才,建立风险研究部门,并且加强与第三方的合作

    Application of Zero Inventory in Manufacturing Industry

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    零库存管理是企业管理的核心部分,如何减少库存成本,提高企业利润增长,一直是困扰企业的一大问题。零库存管理也是我国制造业企业的薄弱环节,本文从零库存管理的三个方面的作用分析零库存在制造企业的应用。Zero inventory management is the hardcore of the enterprise management, the problem of how to decrease the storage cost and increase the profit is always a big difficult problem in enterprise. Zero inventory management is also a weak part in Chinese manufacturing Industry management, this paper analyses the application of zero inventory in the manufacturing industry from three aspects

    車載ネットワークシステムのモデル検査に関する研究

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    Supervisor:青木 利晃情報科学研究科博

    Model Checking of FlexRay Communication Protocol

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    Supervisor:Toshiaki Aoki情報科学研究科修

    [[alternative]]安全注射產品的中國和美國市場進入和發展策略之研究 : 以 B 公司為例

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    碩士[[abstract]]注射是一個十分普通的醫療健康步驟。在開發中國家中,每年至少會發生160億起的注射行為。 安全的注射是沒有危害的,但是當注射中的有些安全環節沒有被注意到時,注射會對人們的生命產生威脅。重複使用的注射器和針頭常常導致一些疾病的傳播,尤其在吸毒人群中常會由此引起艾滋病和肝炎的盛行。 世界衛生組織在開發中國家開展了大規模的疫苗注射項目,但是這些項目常常會有因注射器重複使用而傳染疾病的隱憂,所以國際衛生組織呼籲注射器生產廠家透過研發來解決這個問題。 雖然血液性的傳染疾會因不可再次使用的AD 針的出現而有所降低,但另外一個問題卻浮出了水面,那就是針刺問題。針刺每年會引起大量的肝炎甚至是艾滋病的傳染,而且受害的人當中,醫護人員占了多數。所以,很多醫護人員強烈呼籲使用安全的注射器來降低工作風險。這樣的需求則帶來了巨大的商機。如果注射器生產廠家能夠研發出更加安全的注射器,並且運用正確的市場戰略的話,那公司的發展將不可估量。 B公司起先只是一家小型的注射器製造廠商,但它抓住了這次市場機遇拓展了它的規模。B公司要向國際社會提供安全,有效並且價廉物美的注射器。 它致力于解決由於針刺所引起的相關問題,從而使人們的生活更加美好,健康。在成功的研發了新一代的安全注射器之后,B 公司將眼光投向了美國和中國市場。在正式實施它的市場戰略之前,B公司作了細致的環境概述,仔細研究了它所處的內在和外在環境並且對產業作了詳細分析。在得到了確實的資料之后,它製定了最符合自身優勢的市場進入模式,以及最可行的市場戰略。 如今B公司已經順利地進入了美國和中國市場,並正準備大展拳腳。為什麼B公司能夠有如此的傲人戰績是本文想要探討的一個話題。本文將會對該公司的產業背景,內外部環境以及產業競爭做出詳盡的分析。[[abstract]]Injection is one of the most common health care procedures. Each year at least 16 billion injections are administered in developing and transitional countries. A safe injection does no harm. However, when safety control practices are not respected, severed injections can results, putting human lives at risk. The re-use of needles and syringes had been associated with the spread of diseases, especially HIV and Hepatitis among IV drug users. The spread of serious infections contributed to the development of auto-disable (AD) syringe in the mid-1980s. In the developing countries, a great concern about the spread of diseases through reuse of conventional syringes during mass immunization campaigns conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other non-governmental organizations emerged. Accordingly, WHO reached out to manufacturers to develop technology solutions for this problem. Although the risk of person-to-person transmission of blood-borne pathogens could be effectively reduced by using the AD syringes as the AD syringes cannot be reused, another factor was left out of consideration, namely, the needlestick injuries. Many health care workers urge the use of safer medical devices, especially the ones with needles. This brings out a business for those syringe manufacturers if they can develop a safer medical device and use proper market strategy to expand the market. Company B started as a small syringe manufacturer, and it seized the trend of this market and grabbed the opportunity to expand its business. Its mission is to provide the international health community with safe, effective, and affordable medical devices of the highest quality. Its products seek to eliminate problems associated with needlestick injuries and syringe reuse, thereby save lives and enrich the livelihood of millions around the world. After developing a new and safer product, Company B was targeting in entering the US and Chinese markets. Before putting its plan into practice, it did the environmental scanning to analysis the external and internal situation as well as the industry circumstances. Using the conclusion it get from the analysis, it make a suitable market enter mode and practical functional strategy. Now Company B is a quite successful enterprise in both two markets, and it is planning to enter a third market. So this research paper will take a close look at how Company B can be so successful in these two markets. The industry background, external and internal environment, as well as the industry analysis will be discussed in this research paper.[[tableofcontents]]List of Tables..………………………………………………………………………… viii List of Figures………………………………………………………………………..... ix Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………….… 1 1.1 Research Motivation……………………………………………………………... 6 1.2 Research Objective……..........…………………………………………………... 8 1.3 Research Methodology and Structure….………………………………………… 9 Chapter 2 Literature Review……………………………………………………... 11 2.1 Foreign Market Entry Mode…………………………..……….……………….....11 2.2 Environmental Scanning……………..…………………………………………... 15 2.3 Business Strategy………………..……………………………………………….. 18 2.4 Functional Strategy………….…………………………………………………… 20 Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework………………..…………………………….. 21 3.1 Analysis of the Varied Market Entry Modes ……………………………………. 21 3.2 Analysis of the Environmental Effects ….…………………………………..…... 24 3.3 Formulation of the Business Strategies ………………………………………….. 32 3.4 Implementation of the Functional ..……………………………………………… 35 Chapter 4 Case Study…………………….………………………………….…….. 37 4.1 Market Entry Mode………………………………………………………………... 37 4.2 Environmental Scanning………………………………………………………….. 44 4.3 Business Strategy………………………………………………………………….. 72 4.4 Functional Strategy………………………………………………………………... 75 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Suggestions.....……………………………………….. 77 5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 77 5.2 Suggestions………………………………………………………………………... 85 References….…………………………………………………………………………. 87 List of Table Table 1-1 The Growing Trend and Demand of Safety Syringe From 2000 to 2007…….. 7 Table 1-2 The Demand of Safety Syringe for Worldwide Countries from 2002 to 2006…7 Table 1-3 2002 - 2006 List of Market Demand and Shortfall……………………………. 8 Table 3-1 Table 3.1 Entry Mode Analysis…………………………………………….….. 22 Table 3.2 Porter’s five Forces of Competitive Position (1980)………………………….. 29 Table 4-1 Products Comparison………………………………………………………….. 59 Table 4-2 Safety Syringes Manufacturers List…………………………………………… 62 Table 5-1 Income Statement………………………………………………………….… 82 Table 5-2 Balance Sheet………………………………………………………………… 83 Table 5-3 Revenue Projection…………………………………………………………... 84 List of Illustration Figure 1-1. Research Procedures………………………………………………………. 10 Figure 3-1 The Role of External Analysis in Strategic Planning……………………… 24 Figure 3-2 A Firm’s Value Chain Analysis (Porter, 1985)……………………………... 31 Figure 3-3 SWOT Analysis Examples…………………………………………….…… 33 Figure 3-4 TOWS Matrix………………………………………………………………. 34 Figure 4-1 510(K) Paradigm…………………………………………………………… 40 Figure 4-2 Company Certification Procedure………………………………………….. 42 Figure 4-3 Product Certification Procedure………………………………………….… 43 Figure 4-4 Sheathing Tube Syringes …………………………………………………... 54 Figure 4-5 Sliding Needle Cover………………………………………………………. 55 Figure 4-6 Hinged Needle Cover………………………………………………………. 56 Figure 4-7 Spring Retractable Syringes………………………………………………... 57 Figure 4-8 Manual Retractable Syringes………………………………………………. 58 Figure 4-9 Company B''s Organizational Structure ……………………………………. 67 Figure 4-10 Manufacturing Procedure…………………………………………………… 69 Figure 4-11 Newly Developed Produces………………………………………………… 71 Figure 4-12 SWOT Analysis of Company B…………………………………………... 73 Figure 4-13 TOWS Matrix for Company B…………………………………………….74[[note]]學號: 793400192, 學年度: 9

    [[alternative]]Effect of US unemployment rate on US congressional elections

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    碩士[[abstract]]2010年美國居高不下的失業率使得身為執政黨的民主黨在國會期中選舉嚐了敗仗,共和黨在眾議院增加了60個席次成為多數黨。政治與經濟變動兩者環環相扣,本研究著重於分析美國失業率對國會期中選舉所產生的影響,探討藉由失業率之數據是否能有效預測並解釋美國國會期中選舉結果。我們僅以時間限制2000年(George W. Bush)至2010年(Barack Obama)的國會選舉作為分析,在本論文裡,我們另外嘗試使用一種獨特的實證方法,那就是運用兩階段的模型—固定效果追蹤迴歸分析(Fixed Effect Panel Regression )和二元評定模型(Binary Logit Model),而且我們發現研究出來的結果相當好,與我們假設的相關證據一致。除此之外,分析結果顯示,連任率的波動與失業率的變動也呈現一致,保守估計當所有國會選區內的失業率上升2%與4%時,將會降低執政黨3.6%與8.4%的連任率,非常具有參考價值。經過實證研究模型的分析後,顯示失業率的上升,確實會對國會連任機率造成不利的影響。以不加入延遲應變數的實證模型來看,當所有國會選區內的失業率上升2%時,將降低連任率0.036個百分點,當失業率再攀升至4%時,則再降低連任率0.048個百分點;加入延遲應變數後,效果影響甚大,若以所有國會選區內的失業率直接上升4%來看,則國會連任機率將降低0.185個百分點。看似微小的數據,對於政治上的變動可不容小覷,以國會435個席次來看,減少18.5%即減少將近80個席次,已足以影響眾議院內的多數黨。[[abstract]]The 2010 United States House of Representatives elections, Republicans gained control of the chamber, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. We also saw the rise of the Tea Party movement ushering in many conservative newcomers to the House. And this was due to the high unemployment rate and bad economic conditions, but why the unemployment rate so important and can make a major change in election? The empirical model we propose to use here is actually a unique combination of two different types of models – a fixed effect panel regression and a binary logit model. In the first stage a fixed effects panel regression model is estimated using the binary variable (1 = incumbent party returned to power and 0 = incumbent party is not returned to power).Hence, the single fixed effects variable described above is then introduced into a binary logit model involving the same set of explanatory variables as the linear probability model in the first stage. By doing so, a set of very specialized effects for the panel in question can be aligned with the logit model and a better analysis of the probability of reelection can be obtained. A conservative estimate shows that a rise in the unemployment rate of 2% and 4% across ALL congressional districts lowers the probability of the incumbent party being returned to office by about 3.6% and 8.4%, respectively. This effect is greatly magnified when a lagged dependent variable is added to the logit model. In such as case, a 2% increase in unemployment across all congressional districts lowers the average probability of return the incumbent party by 7.2%, while a 4% increase in unemployment reduces the probability by an impressive 18.5%.[[tableofcontents]]目次……………………………………………………………………………………………v 表次…………………………………………………………………………………………vii 圖次……………………………………………………………………………………………ix 附錄目次……………………………………………………………………………………xi 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 3 壹、失業率的歷史背景 3 貳、期中選舉的歷史背景 5 第二節 研究動機與目的 6 第三節 研究限制與範圍 11 第四節 研究架構 12 第二章 文獻回顧 13 第一節 經濟表現與選舉的關聯—台灣相關文獻 15 第二節 經濟表現與選舉的關聯—國外相關文獻 23 第三章 理論基礎 37 第一節 失業率與競選連任 37 第二節 失業率和連任間的影響途徑 43 壹、失業人口與失業率 43 貳、失業的長度(時間) 46 叁、執政者與政府政策 49 第三節 結語 53 第四章 實證研究與分析 57 第一節 資料收集與特性 58 第二節 實證模型與方法論 65 第三節 第一階段實證研究結果之探討 69 第四節 第二階段實證研究結果之探討 77 第五章 結論 85 附錄 91 參考文獻 95 表次 表1-1 國會期中選舉選前民意調查—當你想到此次期中選舉投票時,下列哪項議題對你來說最重要?………………………………………………………………………………8 表2-1 經濟表現與台灣選舉相關之文獻…………………………………………………20 表2-2 經濟表現與國外選舉相關之文獻…………………………………………………29 表3-1 在位者優勢…………………………………………………………………………52 表4-1A 第一階段線性概率固定效果迴歸模型之估計預測………………………………72 表4-1B 第一階段線性概率固定效果迴歸模型之估計預測………………………………73 表4-2A 第二階段二元評定模型之估計預測 ……………………………………………80 表4-2B 第二階段二元評定模型之估計預測 ……………………………………………81 表4-3 失業率上升2%與4%對連任機率的影響 …………………………………………82 圖次 圖 1-1 美國人民提及到經濟議題為該國家最重要問題的百分比………………………4 圖1-2 1939-2010年美國人民提及到工作及失業率為該國家最重要問題的百分比…4 圖 1-3 Seth Masket認為失業率與期中選舉沒有任何關係之示意圖…………………9 圖 3-1 選民投票的兩階段過程…………………………………………………………38 圖 3-2 期中選舉投票率 vs. 總統大選投票率(以年齡區分) ………………………40 圖 3-3 美國一般失業率 vs. 青年失業率………………………………………………45 圖 3-4 一般失業人數 vs. 失業長達2 7週或以上的人口數 …………………………48 圖 3-5 美國眾議院連任率,1964年至2012年…………………………………………51 圖 4-1 肯塔基州國會選區示意圖………………………………………………………59 圖 4-2 相對頻率直方圖…………………………………………………………………63 圖 4-3 前三個國會選區在這些橫斷面固定效果下的結果……………………………68 附錄目次 附錄一 美國總統任期內國會選舉參眾議院席次的數量…………………………………91 附錄二 1910年2010年美國總統任期內國會選舉參眾議院席次的改變 ………………92[[note]]學號: 699250113, 學年度: 10
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