Synonymous Codon Usage of Both Alternativelyand Commonly Spliced Genes in Human Chromosome 1 I: Synonymous Codon Usage Bias Analysis

人类1号染色体可变剪接(选择性剪接)基因344非冗余蛋白质编码序列(188183密码子)和普通剪接(非可变剪接)基因的386蛋白质编码序列(223116密码子)被用于研究人类密码子使用偏爱模式。全部密码子使用数据分析表明,人类可变剪接基因密码子的偏爱水平显著高于普通剪接基因。在人类1号染色体基因中,密码子第三位置的G+C含量有很大的异质性(0 24～0 95),并且可变剪接基因密码子第三位置平均G+C含量(64 66%)大于普通剪接基因(59 97%)。Nc值对GC3s图显示密码子偏爱使用除了受核苷酸组成制约外,其它的因子可能也影响密码子的使用变化。此外,可变剪接基因中以G或C结尾的密码子比普通剪接基因出现的频率高。密码子使用的差异可能是由可变剪接基因pre mRNA特有的结构特征和多种剪接模式决定的。It is already clear that alternative splicing has an extremely important role in expanding the protein diversity. Comparative study of the codon usage patterns of alternatively and commonly spliced genes may thereby be necessary. In this paper, the patterns of codon usage bias of two kinds of human genes, alternatively spliced genes and commonly spliced genes, were formulated through analyzing 344 non-redundant protein coding sequences from alternatively spliced genes (188183 codons) and 386 from commonly spliced genes (223116 codons) in human chromosome (1. Overall) codon usage data analysis indicated that the alternatively spliced genes showed a stronger codon usage bias than commonly spliced genes. Very extensive heterogeneity of G+C content in silent third codon position (GC3s) was evident among these genes, and GC3s content of alternatively spliced genes was higher than that of commonly spliced genes. G- or C-ending codons were more abundant in alternatively spliced genes than commonly spliced genes in human chromosome 1. The causation of differences created could be explained by pre-mRNA structural characteristics of alternatively spliced genes influencing their codon usage bias.Chinapostdoctoralprogramsfoundation( 2 0 0 2 11

Synonymous Codon Usage of Both Alternativelyand Commonly Spliced Genes in Human Chromosome 1 II: Expression Pattern and Gene Length Shape Codon Usage

进一步研究基因表达水平和基因长度与密码子使用偏爱之间的关系。多变量统计分析发现,人类1号染色体选择性剪接基因和普通剪接基因密码子使用变化都呈现单一趋势,且它们之间的密码子使用模式也非常相似,推测的高表达基因确实偏爱以C或G结尾的密码子,基因表达水平与密码子使用偏爱之间的关联也达到显著水平。因此,人类1号染色体高表达基因密码子的使用偏爱可能主要被翻译选择所决定。此外,基因长度与密码子偏爱水平之间也存在高度相关,说明相对较短的基因具有较高的密码子使用偏爱,翻译选择可能缩短了高表达基因的长度从而提高翻译效率。We further explored the correlation between synonymous codon bias and gene expression level and gene length. Correspondence analysis showed that there was only a single trend in codon usage variation among alternatively and commonly spliced genes, and the pattern of codons usage was very similar in them. The putatively highly expressed genes preferred C- or G-ending codons, and the correlations between synonymous codon bias and gene expression levels were also very significant, which implied that translation selection might play an important role in dominating codon usage bias in highly expressed genes in humans. Surprisingly, a strong correlation between codon-usage bias and gene length was also observed, e.g. the shorter a gene′s length, the higher its expression capacity. It suggested that the selection of codons might result in the reduction of the length of highly expressed genes and enhancement of translational efficiency.Chinapostdoctoralprogramsfoundation( 2 0 0 2 11

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