粉煤灰基防滑粒料的改性及其应用研究

把改性粉煤灰制备成防滑涂层的防滑粒料是对固体废弃物综合利用的一种新尝试。通过两种不同的表面改性剂对粉煤灰进行表面改性,考察改性效果,尝试作为防滑粒料与高分子乳液复合,分析所得到涂层的性能。结果表明:粉煤灰的双重改性是成功的;同时可以通过调整粉煤灰与树脂的比例,添加硅溶胶的方法,对涂层的表面性能和防滑性能进行调控。当颜料体积浓度与临界颜料体积浓度相近时,得到具有良好防滑性能的涂层,其最大湿摩擦系数达到了0.885。添加硅溶胶的涂层的亲水性得到较好改善,其湿摩擦系数也有较大提高,最大值达到了1.054。其涂层的铅笔硬度在3H左右,经过100次磨擦后湿摩擦系数仍能达到了0.821,具有良好的防滑效果,同时防滑涂层通过了72h的耐水性测试。因此,改性粉煤灰可作为防滑粒料应用于防滑涂层中,其不仅具有很好的经济效益,而且综合利用了固废,具有很好的环境效益

粉煤灰基防滑粒料的改性及其应用研究

把改性粉煤灰制备成防滑涂层的防滑粒料是对固体废弃物综合利用的一种新尝试。通过两种不同的表面改性剂对粉煤灰进行表面改性,考察改性效果,尝试作为防滑粒料与高分子乳液复合,分析所得到涂层的性能。结果表明:粉煤灰的双重改性是成功的;同时可以通过调整粉煤灰与树脂的比例,添加硅溶胶的方法,对涂层的表面性能和防滑性能进行调控。当颜料体积浓度与临界颜料体积浓度相近时,得到具有良好防滑性能的涂层,其最大湿摩擦系数达到了0.885。添加硅溶胶的涂层的亲水性得到较好改善,其湿摩擦系数也有较大提高,最大值达到了1.054。其涂层的铅笔硬度在3H左右,经过100次磨擦后湿摩擦系数仍能达到了0.821,具有良好的防滑效果,同时防滑涂层通过了72h的耐水性测试。因此,改性粉煤灰可作为防滑粒料应用于防滑涂层中,其不仅具有很好的经济效益,而且综合利用了固废,具有很好的环境效益

粉煤灰基防滑粒料的改性及其应用研究

把改性粉煤灰制备成防滑涂层的防滑粒料是对固体废弃物综合利用的一种新尝试。通过两种不同的表面改性剂对粉煤灰进行表面改性,考察改性效果,尝试作为防滑粒料与高分子乳液复合,分析所得到涂层的性能。结果表明:粉煤灰的双重改性是成功的;同时可以通过调整粉煤灰与树脂的比例,添加硅溶胶的方法,对涂层的表面性能和防滑性能进行调控。当颜料体积浓度与临界颜料体积浓度相近时,得到具有良好防滑性能的涂层,其最大湿摩擦系数达到了0.885。添加硅溶胶的涂层的亲水性得到较好改善,其湿摩擦系数也有较大提高,最大值达到了1.054。其涂层的铅笔硬度在3H左右,经过100次磨擦后湿摩擦系数仍能达到了0.821,具有良好的防滑效果,同时防滑涂层通过了72h的耐水性测试。因此,改性粉煤灰可作为防滑粒料应用于防滑涂层中,其不仅具有很好的经济效益,而且综合利用了固废,具有很好的环境效益

Ferrihydrite reduction and vivianite biomineralization mediated by iron reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR-4

[Objective] To explore the mineralogical,chemical and microscopic properties of extracellular vivianite formation induced by iron-reducing bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-4.[Methods] MR-4 cells grown with 30 mmol/L of lactate and 10 mmol/L of amorphous ferrihydrite,which were used as electron donor and electron acceptor,respectively.The medium was buffered with 30 mmol/L [HCO_3~–] and 5 mmol/L [PO_4~(3–)],and the culture was incubated at 30 oC.The headspace of serum bottle flushed with N_2/CO_2 (V/V,80/20).The pH,biomass and [Fe(II)] of the culture were measured by sampling at different time points.Meanwhile,the combination of X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,laser Raman and transmission electron microscope approaches were applied to characterize the mineralogical,chemical and morphological properties of products produced within the culture.[Results] MR-4 could couple the reduction of Fe(III) with the oxidation of lactate for their cell growth and mineral transformation of Ferrihydrite.Specifically,ferrihydrite was initially transformed to nanometer-sized magnetite particles and majorly to micrometer-sized vivianite with bladed and fibrous morphologies finally.[Conclusion] The biomineralization process and products by MR-4 were strongly affected by environmental conditions such as the types and concentration of anions.In this case with relatively high [PO_4~(3–)] within the culture,ferrihydrite was initially converted to nanometer-sized magnetite,and was transformed into vivianite dominantly at the end of the culture.The result of this paper provides a new insight for comprehensive understanding of the microbial induced biomineralization of iron-reducing bacteria and its role in the iron element biogeochemical cycle

Preparations and Properties of Polybenzimidazole/PolyVinylbenzyl Crosslinked Composite Membranes for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

为提高聚苯并咪唑（PBI）膜的抗氧化性能，以乙烯苄基氯（PVBC）作为PBI的大分子交联剂，并利用1H-1,2,4-三氮唑取代交联剂中的不稳定端基Cl，制备了交联型高温质子交换膜，考察了交联剂用量对膜的电化学性质的影响. 研究表明，膜中的交联结构有效提高了膜的抗氧化性能，并兼具优异的电导率及力学性能. 采用无增湿H2和O2对膜电极性能进行了测试，150 oC下电池最大功率密度达到0.82 W•cm-2.In order to increase the chemical stability of polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane, a highly stable polymer, poly vinylbenzyl chloride (PVBC), was chosen as the macromolecular crosslinker, and 1H-1,2,4-triazol was adopted to prepare the crosslinked PBI-based membranes. The influence of the PVBC amount on membrane characteristic was investigated in detail. The results indicated that the crosslinked structure of the membrane effectively improved the chemical stability, and at the same time, the membrane presented good mechanical property and proton conductivity. The fuel cell performance for the membrane was tested with hydrogen and oxygen single cell without humidification at 150 oC, and the maximum power density reached 0.82 W?cm-2.国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21436003，No. 61433013）、国家高技术研究发展计划（No. 2013AA110201）作者联系地址：1. 中科院大连化学物理研究所，辽宁 大连 116023；2. 中国科学院大学，北京 100039Author's Address: 1. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China通讯作者E-mail：[email protected]

绿色农业新技术集成研究与示范

一、该项目针对农业生产中食品安全和环境污染问题,开展了S-诱抗素、新奥霉素、壳寡糖、棉铃虫病毒杀虫剂与昆虫病原线虫生物制剂、功能性堆肥及其浸提液工业化生产等的试验和示范,立项准确,针对性强,意义重大。 二、项目研究出S-诱抗素等生物制剂及其生产工艺、工厂化技术;研究开发出昆虫病原线虫活体繁殖技术,实现了工厂化生产;研究开发了两种功能性堆肥及浸提液,提出了“功能性堆肥+秸秆生物反应堆+堆肥浸提液+S-诱抗素等生物制剂”健康、安全设施蔬菜生产模式;在宁夏实现了地上、地下,土壤、作物生物制剂联防技术体系,为低耗、高效、安全、健康农产品生产开辟了新途径。 三、在S-诱抗素、新奥霉素高产菌株的生产工艺,昆虫病原线虫活体繁殖工厂化生产方面取得了新突破;在S-诱抗素、新奥霉素、壳寡糖、棉铃虫病毒杀虫剂、功能性堆肥及其浸提液集成应用控制作物病虫害等方面有创新。研究成果达到了国内先进水平,S-诱抗素、新奥霉素高产菌株的生产工艺研究达到国际领先。 四、项目执行期间,在宁夏15个市县建立核心试验基地14个,示范推广点40个,累计推广面积17万亩,新增效益9600万元。获得发明专利4项,实用新型专利1项,制定地方标准5项,专著1部,发表论文19篇(其中SCI收录6篇)。培训农技人员300人次,农民4700多人次