The Synthesis and Application of Phthalocyanine-silica Nano-materials

摘要 本论文共分为五章，包括绪论、四羧基铝酞菁纳米粒子、四羧基铁酞菁纳米粒子及多功能磁性二氧化硅纳米管的制备与应用和展望。 第一章为绪论，介绍了不断发展的纳米科技，对用作标记物的荧光纳米材料做了小结，着重讲述了二氧化硅纳米粒子的应用与合成，并对多功能纳米材料－超顺磁性二氧化硅纳米粒子和纳米管的应用做了简介，并在此基础上提出了本论文选题依据、研究目标、和研究内容。 第二章主要研究四羧基铝酞菁纳米粒子的制备与应用。本章分为两节，第一节主要通过四乙氧基硅烷在反向胶束构成的纳米水池中水解首次制备出非共价四羧基铝酞菁纳米粒子，该荧光纳米颗粒能用于指示溶液pH的变化。第二节主要通过四羧基铝酞菁修饰的...Abstract This dissertation consists of five chapters, including introduction, synthesis and application of tetra-substituted carboxyl aluminum phthalocyanine (AlC4Pc)-silica nanoparticles, synthesis and applicantion of tetra-substituted carboxyl iron phthalocyanine(TCFePc)-silica nanoparticles, synthesis and applicantion of multifunctional magnetic silica nanotubes, and the conclusion and p...学位：理学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_无机化学学号：20042500

“表面”符号的视觉显著性及弱传播逻辑:以品牌舆论为例

2019年前后,杜嘉班纳、博柏利、古驰、菲利普普兰等国际品牌因广告图像频频引发舆论事件,广告中的"表情和动作"成为舆论的焦点。借助符号学、视觉思维、编码解码、符号域等理论,探究表面符号的显著性原因及其在二级传播过程中"比表面积"特征,并分析其在建构品牌传播过程的表面化、"轻"规则和重情感的"弱"传播逻辑

The Development Trend of Women's Floor Exercise and Problems and Countermeasures in China during the London Olympic Games Period——From the Difficulty Value and Complete Quality Perspective

目的:难度价值和完成质量是体操比赛中获取胜利的两大法宝,本研究从此两方面视角对伦敦奥运周期世界女子自由体操的发展现状及其变化规律进行回顾和梳理,找出我国女子自由体操存在的主要问题和差距,并提出缩小差距的应对策略和建议,以期提高我国女子自由体操的技术水平,为备战2016年奥运会作出一定的贡献。方法:研究主要运用文献资料、录像资料、专家访谈等资料搜集方法和视频观察、主题分析等资料分析方法。结论:提高成套动作的难度价值和动作完成质量是伦敦奥运周期女子自由体操的发展现状;女子自由体操已经成为我国女子体操队的弱项,在难度组别、难度分、空翻动作类型、成套动作的完成质量等六个方面落后国外优秀运动员;以重视体能、提高抗压能力、全面发展空翻动作类型和创新动作、提高动作完成质量、培养个人风格为切入点和突破口,是提高我国女子自由体操水平的有效途径。Objective: The difficulty value and complete quality is two magic weapons to obtain victory in the gymnastics competition.The paper reviewed current situation of the development and changes of world women's floor exercise during the London Olympic Games period from the above-mentioned two perspectives,found out the main problems and gaps,and pointed out the coping strategies and recommendations of narrowing gaps.The main goal is to raise the technical level of our country's floor exercise and to have positive significance for China's preparation for the 2016 Olympic Games.Methods: The paper mainly adopts the methods of document literature,video observation,expert interview and theme analysis.Conclusions: Improving difficulty value and complete quality is the current situation in London Olympics period.Women's floor exercise has become the weakness of China,and we have fell behind with the foreign excellent athletes on six aspects such as the difficulty of group,difficulty credit,somersault movement types,quality of complete set movements and so on.The effective ways to raise the technical level of China's floor exercise are paying attention to physical fitness,improving compression ability,all-round development of somersault movement type and innovative action,improving the complete quality,cultivating personal style

Simultaneous determination of 14 phthalate ester residues in animal innards by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization

开展了动物内脏中14种酞酸酯类(PAEs)环境激素残留的气相色谱-电子轰击离子源质谱(GC-EI/MS)分析方法的研究,优化与选择了动物内脏样品的前处理条件。动物内脏样品经正己烷-二氯甲烷(体积比为1∶1)混合提取剂超声提取、Florisil硅土固相萃取柱净化与乙酸乙酯-正己烷(体积比为2∶3)混合洗脱剂洗脱和浓缩后,以邻苯二甲酸二苯基酯(DPhP)为内标物,采用GC-EI/MS的选择离子检测方式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析。当猪肝样品的加标浓度水平为100,200,400μg/kg时,加标回收率为60%~110%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~10.3%。除邻苯二甲酸二甲氧基乙酯(DMEP)与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙氧基乙基)酯(DEEP)的方法检出限(MDL)分别为3.30μg/kg与2.25μg/kg外,其余12种PAEs的MDL均不大于1.74μg/kg;线性范围为50.0~800.0μg/kg,相关系数均大于0.9994。该分析方法已成功地应用于6种动物内脏中14种痕量PAEs残留的分析。An analytical multiresidue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 14 phthalate esters (PAEs) in animal innards by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization (GC-EI/MS). After the optimization of different parameters such as the extraction solvent, PAEs were extracted from animal innards with hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1, v/v) in an ultrasonic bath and cleaned up on a Florisil column, then were determined by GC-EI/MS in selected ion monitoring mode with diphenyl phthalate (DPhP) as internal standard. The recovery studies were performed at 100, 200 and 400 μg/kg levels for each PAE, and the recoveries ranged from 60%-110% with the relative standard deviations between 0.8% and 10.3% for different PAEs. The detection limit of the method was less than 1.74 μg/kg for most of PAEs except dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP) and di(2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate (DEEP). The method was linear over the range of 50.0-800.0 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients larger than 0.999 4. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of 14 PAEs in six animal innards.国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0630429)项目资

Determination of Five Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Residues in Deep-Sea Fish Oil Using Gas Chromatography-Negative Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry

建立了气相色谱-负离子化学电离质谱法(GC-NCI/MS)同时分析深海鱼油食品中5种多溴联苯醚残留的分析方法。深海鱼油食品用正己烷超声提取、中性与酸性硅胶色谱柱净化和正己烷洗脱后,以PCB103为内标物,采用GC-NCI/MS的选择离子监测方式(SIM)分析;同时探讨了5种多溴联苯醚的NCI/MS特征离子的断裂机理。当空白深海鱼油食品的加标浓度为20.0和100.0μg/kg时,加标回收率为88.6%-111.3%,相对标准偏差为3.8%-13.5%,方法的检测限为0.77-1.34μg/kg,线性范围为1.0-500.0μg/kg,相关系数均大于0.999 2。此方法已成功地应用于深海鱼油食品中5种痕量多溴联苯醚残留的同时分析。Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) are a kind of brominated flame retardants(BFRs),which refer to compounds used in some plastics to impede or even suppress the combustion process.As the emission or disposal of plastics,PBDE residues have been found in both environment and biota.In this work,an analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 5 PBDE residues in deep-sea fish oil.PBDEs were extracted from deep-sea fish oil with n-hexane,cleaned up on a silical gel column,and determined by using gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry(GC-NCI/MS) in the selected ion-monitoring(SIM) mode,with PCB103 as the internal standard.Meanwhile,the characteristic ion and fragmentation mechanism of some PBDEs in NCI/MS were evaluated.Recovery studies were performed at 20.0 and 100.0 μg/kg fortification levels for each PBDE,and the recoveries ranged from 88.6% to 111.3% with relative standard deviations between 3.8% and 13.5% for different PBDEs.The limits of detection(LOD) were from 0.77 to 1.34 μg/kg for different PBDEs.The developed method was linear over the range assayed,1.0-500.0 μg/kg,with correlation coefficients larger than 0.999 2.The developed method has also been successfully applied to the determination of PBDEs in several deep-sea fish oil samples and the three most abundant PBDEs(PBDE-47,PBDE-99 and PBDE-100) were found

Seed rain and fruiting characteristics of Abies fargesii in Shennongjia, Hubei

巴山冷杉主要分布于秦巴山地，是湖北神农架地区暗针叶林的建群种，构成了当地的优势群落，对神农架地区的植被景观具有决定意义。研究巴山冷杉的结实特性，种子雨时空格局，种子萌发能力和活力劣变过程，有利于进一步认识和分析这一物种的生活史特征，群落组成结构和更新动态。对这一重要物种的合理保护和有效利用具有促进作用。 在湖北神农架自然保护区选择巴山冷杉－箭竹、巴山冷杉－茵芋和巴山冷杉－陕甘花楸群落设置样地，通过布设种子收集器结合室内实验分析，对巴山冷杉种子雨的时空格局进行研究。待巴山冷杉球果成熟时，人工采集球果和种子，测量和比较巴山冷杉的结实特征，利用发芽实验研究巴山冷杉的萌发特性，并通过人工加速老化实验探讨巴山冷杉种子的劣变过程。 巴山冷杉种子雨始于10月初，持续超过2个月，不同类型的巴山冷杉种群表现出不同的种子雨时空格局。巴山冷杉－箭竹群落中巴山冷杉种子雨平均强度167.93±111.14粒/m2，有活力种子比例占22.31%，落种高峰期集中于10月27日到11月2日间，种子雨在种群中呈现聚集分布。巴山冷杉－茵芋群落种子雨强度在三个样地中最小，只有16.41±14.41粒/m2，有活力种子仅占3.05%。巴山冷杉－陕甘花楸群落，种子雨落种高峰为10月15日至10月21日，林冠内种子雨数量占到了收集总数的87.95%。扩散的种子数量与离开中心母树的距离间的关系近似正态分布。 对巴山冷杉的结实特性的分析结果表明，巴山冷杉球果近圆柱形，球果平均长5.37±0.75cm；平均宽3.01±0.32cm；重量介于5.9g～41.3g。巴山冷杉种子长1.08～8.68mm，种子宽1.16～6.42mm，种子厚0.66～3.48mm，种子千粒重7.30g。球果单果出种量在不同种群的频数分布格局不同，巴山冷杉球果和种子的各项指标在种群间和种群内存在显著差异。球果大小、出种量及单粒种子的质量间存在着极显著的正相关关系。此外，种子生活力水平在母树间差异较大，不同母树的种子发芽率和发芽势不等且随时间的萌发进程也不相同，相同种源的巴山冷杉种子在不同的培养条件下萌发能力不同，室温条件下具有最高的发芽率但在25℃，8h光照，恒温培养时的萌发最为整齐。 高温高湿条件能够加速巴山冷杉种子的老化进程，使巴山冷杉种子的含水量发生变化，种子的活力水平随着老化时间的延长而降低，40℃，100% 相对湿度处理6天后种子基本丧失活力

一种益生菌菊粉片及其制备方法

本发明属于保健食品领域，本发明涉及一种益生菌菊粉片及其制备方法。按质量百分比计，90-96%的菊粉、0.1-1%的益生菌菌粉、2-6%的葡萄糖、0.1-2%的聚乙二醇、0.1-2%的硬脂酸镁、0.1-2%的微晶纤维素、0.1-2%的柠檬酸。本发明制备的益生菌菊粉片活菌存活率高，服用方便，易于吸收；在菊粉中添加益生菌有改善肠道菌群结构、提高机体免疫力、降低胆固醇、消除致癌因子等生理功效；本发明提供的制备方法成本低、出料速度快、适合规模化生产