Experimental Investigation with PIV on Characteristics of Shedding Vortices in Wake of Flapping Wings

通过色流实验和粒子成像测速技术（particle image velocimetry,PIV）对扑翼近场尾流脱落涡的结构轨迹和能量进行了定性及定量研究.结果表明：因展向流动充分性的不同,存在两种牛角型涡系结构;上下扑时翅翼交替产生顺时针和逆时针脱落涡,两涡运动轨迹呈近似弧形对称,对称轴的仰角略大于攻角;脱落涡的涡心涡量在上下扑极点达到最大值,环量最大值出现在到达极点前的1/5~2/5周期之间;产生脱落涡的半周期内,涡的平均环量都随减缩频率的增大而增大,减缩频率较低时,下扑平均环量大于上扑平均环量,减缩频率较高时则相反;振幅对涡能量影响明显,减缩频率为2~2.5时,振幅±40°时的涡平均环量约是振幅±30°时的两倍,减缩频率越大振幅影响越明显.Qualitative and quantitative studies on the vortices structure, motion path and energy in the near-f ield wake of flapping wings were conducted through dye-flow tests and particle image velocimetry （ PIV） in tank. Results indicate that two kinds of horn-shaped vortices structures exist during f lapping under insuf f icient or suf iicient spanwise flow. Ant iclock-wise and clockwise vortices arise alternately during downward and upward flapping, whose traces are approximately symmet-rical. The elevation angle of symmetry-axis is slight ly larger than the attack angle of flapping wings. The vort icity of vortex core reaches its maximum at the top or bottom point, while the maximum circulat ion occurs at 1/5 ~ 2/5 period before the top or bottom point. The average circulations of both vortices during half period of producing them ascend with the increase of reduced frequency. At small reduced frequency, the average circulat ion during downward f lapping is larger than that dur-ing upward flapping. Contrary result is observed in case of large reduced frequency. Flapping amplitude signif icant ly inf lu-ence the vortex intensities, e.g. when reduced frequency is 2-2.5, the average circulat ion of vortices with an amplitude of ±40° is about twice that of amplitude of ±30°,and the influence grows with the increase of reduced frequency

同轴旋转圆台环隙流动机制及实验研究

同轴旋转圆台环隙内流体的流动是基于经典的两同轴旋转圆柱环隙内泰勒库特流的一种扩展研究。通过流动显示实验和PIV粒子图像测速技术对圆台环隙的内部流场进行可视化和定量化的研究,分析涡运动的周期性规律,探究圆台环隙内雷诺应力分布和水位高度对流场的影响。研究表明,随着时间的发展,涡列周期性明显且整体在下移,当脉冲数为100脉冲/s时,环隙内形成均匀分布的正反交替的涡;当脉冲数为200~500脉冲/s时,存在快慢交替的分裂周期;在3种水位高度下也都存在明显周期性分裂,只是周期时间和涡的个数不同;平均流场存在上凸型外向流和下凹型内向流2种流态,流态的差异是离心力与静压力双重作用的强弱变化所致;雷诺应力分布中,径向正应力占主导,并主要集中在环隙中部。国家自然科学基金(11072206);;福建省自然科学基金(2012J01023)~

Construction of Normalized cDNA Library from Hepatopancreas of Abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta Exposure to Tributyltin

用rdP试剂提取三丁基锡暴露诱导的杂色鲍肝胰腺总rnA,经OlIgOTEX纯化得到MrnA;应用SMArT技术合成双链CdnA,双链特异核酸酶(dSn)进行双链CdnA的均一化,构建了杂色鲍三丁基锡暴露诱导下的均一化CdnA文库。原始文库的库容为4.3x106Cfu/Ml,重组率为97.9%。从文库中随机挑选了3288个克隆进行测序,得到3048个高质量EST序列,其中有370条COnTIgS,2103条SInglETS,unIgEnES共2473条,冗余率为18.86%。以上结果说明该文库质量较好,为进一步筛选相关功能基因打下基础;较低的冗余率说明该文库值得继续使用大规模ESTS测序的方法寻找相关功能基因,并为进一步使用基因芯片技术研究相关功能基因的表达谱提供便利。A normalized cDNA library from hepatopancreas of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta exposure to Tributyltin was constructed.Total RNA were prepared using RDP reagent.Oligotex(QIAGEN)was used to separate the mRNA from total RNA.The first strand cDNA was synthesized by transcription of mRNA with the SMART technique.The LD-PCR was performed using a modified SMART primer as the primer set,and the first-strand cDNA as the template to synthesize double strand cDNA.Double strand cDNA was normalized using Duplex-Specific Nuclease(DSN).The containing capacity of the unamplified cDNA library was 4.3×106 CFU/ml with a recombinant rate of 97.9%.A total of 3 288 clones were random selected to be sequenced,and 3 048 high quality ESTs were generated.After processing,a total of 2 473 unigenes comprising 370 contigs and 2 103 singlets were obtained.The redundancy was 18.86%.These results indicate that the normalized cDNA library is suitable to be used for further cloning and analysis of genes related to tributyltin exposure.厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20055024);国家自然科学基金(20877034);集美大学创新团队基金(2008A001

半导体纳米微粒/聚苯胺复合材料的制备和性能研究

简述了近年来新发展的几种半导体纳米微粒/聚苯胺复合材料的构建方法,总结了半导体纳米微粒/聚苯胺复合材料性能表征的部分工作,讨论了半导体纳米微粒的尺寸大小、粒度分布及复合材料的光学和光电化学性能研究等

Synthesis of GraFt Copolymer by Coupling Reaction of Living Polymethyl Methacrylate with Bromomethylated Polystyrene

采用基团转移聚合、阴离子聚合以及高分子偶合反应的方法，合成了一种结构明确、链长均匀、分子量可控的聚苯乙烯接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。主链聚苯乙烯由阴离子聚合得到，并进行溴甲基化。支链活性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯由基团转移聚合制备。经偶合反应后得到分子量为3x104~7x104、多分散性指数d为1.2~1.4的接枝共聚物。用1HnMr，gPC和dSC表征接枝产物。和均聚物相比，共聚物的玻璃化温度较低。A novel well deFined graFt copolymer(PS g PMMA) with control over the length of both backbone and side chain was synthesized by coupling reaction of living polymethyl methacrylate with bromomethylated polystyrene.The backbone polymer was prepared by anionic polymerization of styrene with n butyllithium Followed by bromomethylation using C 8H 17 OCH 2Br/SnCl 4.The living PMMA was prepared by group transFer polymerization of MMA.The graFt copolymers with narrow molecular weight distribution, D=1.2￣1.4, at the Mn of around 3×10 4￣7×10 4 were obtained.Structure of the product was characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, GPC and DSC.Comparing with the homopolymer PS and PMMA, the copolymer has lower glass temperature

Experimental Study on Aircraft Carrier Air Wakes

航空母舰的空气尾流对舰载机的起飞、着舰有较大的影响,认清航母尾流对舰载机的干扰原因有助于提高舰载机起降的安全性.实验以辽宁舰航母的缩比模型为研究; 对象,在多功能循环水槽中研究其尾流结构.利用染色液流动显示技术和粒子成像测速技术显示和测量航母的尾流结构随航向角、流速和关键位置的变化.基于模型; 迎流宽度定义的雷诺数范围为$2 \times {10^4} \sim 4 \times; {10^4}$.研究表明,舰首滑跃甲板存在上洗气流且两侧产生流向涡,该涡结构对舰载机滑跃起飞时的升力产生影响;舰岛和舰尾后方存在着大量脱落涡,会; 对舰载机着舰时的气动力产生扰动,增加着舰操纵难度.Aircraft carrier air wake exerts a very important impact on the; carrier-based aircraft take-off and landing.Identify the disturbance of; the aircraft carrier wakes on the carrier-based aircraft will contribute; to improve the safety of the aircraft take-off and landing.Experiment; take Liaoning aircraft carrier shrinkage model as the research; object,which has similar geometry shape of the Liaoning aircraft; carrier,and research on the wake structure of the aircraft carrier model; in multifunctional water tunnel.Using the dyeing flow visualization; experiment and PIV measurement to measure the wake structure of aircraft; carrier model different with heading angles,velocity of flow and the key; positions.Based on the definition of the width of model,the scope of; Reynolds number is $2 \times {10^4} \sim 4 \times {10^4}$.Results show; that there are up washs on the ski jump deck and flow vortex on both; sides of the ski jump deck, which have an impact on the lift of; carrier-based aircraft.Besides,there are shedding vortices behind the; ship island and stern,which will interfere the aerodynamic force of; carrier-based aircraft and greatly increase the operating difficulty of; landing.国家自然科学基金; 福建省自然科学基

Cloning of cDNA 5’End of Gonad Differential Expression Gene GD13 in Penaeus japonicus

采用基于SMART(SwitchingMechanismAt5'endofRNATranscript)原理的cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RapidAmpli ficationofcDNAends:RACE),对日本对虾性腺差异表达基因cDNA5'端进行克隆,即在逆转录过程中通过SMARTⅡoligo的介导,在cDNA第1条链的3'端接上接头,然后根据已知序列设计的基因特异性引物(GSP1和GSP2)和接头引物(UPM和NUP)进行Nested PCR特异性扩增,并对特异产物进行克隆和序列分析,最终获得全长cDNA序列.测序结果表明,在卵巢内表达量高于精巢的GD13基因全长为656bp,编码164氨基酸,经NCBI检索,此基因与文昌鱼、家鼠的核糖体蛋白L24及黄牛的核糖体蛋白L30氨基酸序列同源性分别高达58%、56%和56%,可断定该基因为编码日本对虾核糖体蛋白L24亚基的基因.为进一步认识对虾生长发育和繁殖的调控机制奠定基础.In this paper,the method of SMART Rapid Amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was employed to clone the 5’ end of cDNA of GD13,which is a gene differentially expressed between ovary and testis of Penaeus japonicus.The SMARTII Oligo nucleotide was used as a template to stretch the cDNA 5’end when the first strand cDNA was synthesized.Then a Nested-PCR was carried out to specially amplify the interested cDNA with the adaptor primers (UPM and NUP) and the gene special primers (13GSP1 and 13GSP2).As a result,we got a 656 bp full length cDNA of GD13 which encodes 164 amino acid.Homologous comparison of amino acid sequence demonstrated that this gene shared significant homology with the ribosome protein L24 gene of Branchiostoma belcheri,Mus musculus and L30 gene of Bos Taurus.Further work investigating why this ribosome protein gene differentially expressed in testis and ovary of shrimp is going on.国家自然科学基金(30070597);; 国家骨干教师基金资

Identification of a novel G-protein Gαq gene in shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

为了寻找并克隆凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)G蛋白α亚基,为研究对虾的生理调控提供理论基础,通过简并PCR和RACE反应获得目的基因的全长cDNA序列;用Blast,DNAstar和Genedoc软件对所得序列进行分析,确定所得序列为凡纳滨对虾G蛋白Gαq基因,命名为pvGqα。将该基因的编码序列克隆到表达载体,通过免疫共沉淀实验和胞内Ca2+,IP3浓度的测定鉴定该Gαq亚基的功能,发现该亚基的序列和功能与其他Gαq家族成员具有高度保守性。用Western blotting分析发现pvGαq在对虾身体各部位存在普遍分布,尤其在脑神经、眼柄、腮和颚片中有大量表达,在嗅觉器官触角也有适量分布。说明了pvGαq在对虾生命活动中的重要性,为研究对虾的生理调控奠定了理论基础。国家863计划资助项目(2002AA629060

凹凸棒石包覆聚苯胺防腐材料、其制备方法与应用

本发明公开了一种凹凸棒石包覆聚苯胺防腐材料、其制备方法与应用。所述制备方法包括：以硅烷改性剂对凹凸棒石进行表面改性处理，得到改性凹凸棒石；将改性凹凸棒石和苯胺单体于酸性溶液中均匀混合形成分散液，再加入氧化剂进行氧化聚合反应，形成棒状核壳结构的改性凹凸棒石包覆聚苯胺粒子。本发明的凹凸棒石包覆聚苯胺防腐材料具有高机械强度、高分散性等优点，而且制备工艺简单，条件可控，原料低廉易得。利用本发明凹凸棒石包覆聚苯胺防腐材料制成的涂料无毒无污染，稳定性好，由该涂料形成的防腐涂层机械性能好，并具有非常优异的防腐性能