Development, optimization and preliminary application of in vitro models supporting HBV infection

乙型肝炎病毒（HepatitisBvirus，HBV）感染是危害人类健康的重要公共卫生问题，尽管现有的预防性疫苗已显著减少了新发HBV感染，全球仍有约2.4亿的慢性HBV感染者需要得到有效的治疗。鉴于现有慢乙肝治疗药物只能控制病情发展而难以实现临床治愈，发展更加有效的Anti-HBV新药是当前HBV的研究重点方向。建立和发展能实现HBV完整生命周期的细胞和动物模型对Anti-HBV治疗新技术的发展至关重要。其中，支持HBV感染和复制的细胞模型是研究HBV与宿主相互作用、筛选和评估HBV感染治疗药物、评估抗体中和活性的重要工具。除原代肝细胞外，分化的HepaRG细胞与外源表达HBV功能性受体人钠...Chronic HBV (Hepatitis B virus, HBV) infection is a major public health concern affecting over 240 million people worldwide. Although suppression of HBV replication is achieved in the majority of patients with currently available antivirals, discontinuation of therapy prior to hepatitis B surface antigen loss or seroconversion is associated with relapse of HBV in the majority of cases. Thus, new t...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院_生物化学与分子生物学学号：2162013015414

国家投资项目网上招投标系统采纳影响因素研究

本文以Tornatzky和Fleischer提出的TOE理论模型作为分析框架,针对建筑业网上招投标系统采纳的具体情境,从技术、组织和环境三方面的因素分析了影响采纳的具体因素。结合中国建筑企业自身的规模和类型、管理层的信息化意识,以及中国的社会经济文化环境等,提出了网上招投标系统的TOE采纳影响因素模型

石榴石型固体电解质材料的制备方法

本发明涉及一种石榴石型固体电解质材料的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：将石榴石型电解质粉体、粘结剂与溶剂混合，得到电解质浆料；将所述电解质浆料涂布在PET薄膜上，在设定的烘干温度下烘干，以将所述溶剂部分蒸发，得到电解质薄膜；从所述PET膜上取下所述电解质薄膜，并将所述电解质薄膜按照一定规格裁剪；以及排出所述裁剪后的电解质薄膜中的粘结剂与残留的溶剂，并得到致密的石榴石型锂离子导体电解质片。本发明的石榴石型固体电解质材料的制备方法，可以有效解决现有全固态电解质片制备方法在制备电解质片时，电解质片厚度较厚并且会影响全固态电池的电学性能的问题

淳化黄土-古土壤序列黏土矿物分布特征及古环境意义

【Objective】The &nbsp;loess-paleosol &nbsp;sequence &nbsp;on &nbsp;the &nbsp;Loess &nbsp;Plateau &nbsp;of &nbsp;China &nbsp;has &nbsp;been considered &nbsp;as &nbsp;an &nbsp;important &nbsp;information &nbsp;carrier &nbsp;recording &nbsp;changes &nbsp;in &nbsp;the &nbsp;global &nbsp;environment &nbsp;and climate &nbsp;of &nbsp;the &nbsp;Quaternary &nbsp;peroid. &nbsp;As &nbsp;weathering &nbsp;products &nbsp;of &nbsp;land &nbsp;surface, &nbsp;clay &nbsp;minerals &nbsp;are &nbsp;widely found &nbsp;in &nbsp;Quaternary &nbsp;sediments, &nbsp;and &nbsp;their &nbsp;paleoenviromental &nbsp;significance &nbsp;has &nbsp;also &nbsp;attracted &nbsp;more &nbsp;and more &nbsp;attention. &nbsp;It &nbsp;has &nbsp;been &nbsp;documented &nbsp;that &nbsp;the &nbsp;formation &nbsp;and &nbsp;transformation &nbsp;of &nbsp;clay &nbsp;minerals &nbsp;is closely &nbsp;related &nbsp;to &nbsp;climatic &nbsp;conditions. &nbsp;However, &nbsp;so &nbsp;far, &nbsp;few &nbsp;studies &nbsp;have &nbsp;been &nbsp;reported &nbsp;on characteristics of the clay mineral in loess-paleosol profiles in the southern part of the Loess Plateau. Besides, &nbsp;previous &nbsp;researches &nbsp;about &nbsp;paleoclimate &nbsp;evolution &nbsp;in &nbsp;the &nbsp;south &nbsp;Loess &nbsp;Plateau &nbsp;focused &nbsp;mainly on &nbsp;Holocene, with &nbsp;little &nbsp;attention &nbsp;to &nbsp;climate &nbsp;changes &nbsp;in &nbsp;the &nbsp;Pleistocene. &nbsp;【Method】 &nbsp;In &nbsp;this paper, &nbsp;a typical loess-paleosol profile of the Loess Plateau was selected in Chunhua County, Shaanxi Province, south of the Loess Plateau as research object. With the aid of the X-ray diffraction method, qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of the soil samples from different layers of the Chunhua loess-paleosol profile were carried out for analyzing &nbsp; relative contents of clay minerals, illite/chlorite ratio (I/C value) and illite crystallinity (IC value), as well as regularities of their evolutions, and further for relationships of the characteristics of the clay minerals in the profile with changes in paleoclimate and eventually, for regularities of the evolution of the paleoclimate and paleo-environment in the Pleistocene in the south Loess Plateau. 【Result】Results show: (1) The three indices, i.e. relative content of clay minerals, ratio of illite to chlorite (I/C values) and illite crystallinity (IC value) of the Chunhua loess-paleosol profile are good indicators to be used in reversion of paleoclimate changes in the Pleistocene. (2) All the soil layers &nbsp;of &nbsp;the &nbsp;profile &nbsp;had &nbsp;the &nbsp;same &nbsp;clay &nbsp;minerals, &nbsp;but &nbsp;relative &nbsp;contents &nbsp;of &nbsp;the &nbsp;clay &nbsp;minerals &nbsp;varied significantly &nbsp;from &nbsp;layer &nbsp;to &nbsp;layer. &nbsp;During &nbsp;the &nbsp;period &nbsp;from &nbsp;the &nbsp;early &nbsp;Pleistocene &nbsp;to &nbsp;the &nbsp;mid-middle Pleistocene &nbsp;(WL-3～S5), &nbsp;the &nbsp;clay &nbsp;minerals &nbsp;were &nbsp;composed &nbsp;mainly &nbsp;of &nbsp;illite－montmorillonite－chlorite－kaolinite－vermiculite, &nbsp;and &nbsp;this &nbsp;period &nbsp;could &nbsp;be &nbsp;divided &nbsp;into &nbsp;two &nbsp;stages &nbsp;according &nbsp;to &nbsp;the changes &nbsp;in &nbsp;relative &nbsp;contents &nbsp;of &nbsp;the &nbsp;clay &nbsp;minerals. &nbsp;From &nbsp;the &nbsp;early &nbsp;Pleistocene &nbsp;to &nbsp;the &nbsp;early &nbsp;middle Pleistocene &nbsp;(WL-3～L11), &nbsp;the &nbsp;relative &nbsp;content &nbsp;of &nbsp;illite &nbsp;was &nbsp;comparatively &nbsp;low &nbsp;while &nbsp;the &nbsp;relative content of chlorite was quite high, which indicates that a cool temperate climate prevailed in this period. However, in the mid-middle Pleistocene ( S10～S5), the relative content of illite increased, while the&nbsp;relative &nbsp;content &nbsp;of &nbsp;montmorillonite &nbsp;and &nbsp;chlorite &nbsp;decreased, &nbsp;which &nbsp;indicates &nbsp;that &nbsp;the &nbsp;climate &nbsp;was relatively &nbsp;warmer &nbsp;and &nbsp;more &nbsp;humid &nbsp;in &nbsp;this &nbsp;period. &nbsp;In &nbsp;the &nbsp;late &nbsp;middle &nbsp;Pleistocene &nbsp;(L5～S1), &nbsp;the composition &nbsp;of &nbsp;clay &nbsp;minerals &nbsp;turned &nbsp;to &nbsp;be &nbsp;of &nbsp;illite － chlorite － vermiculite － kaolinite －montmorillonite, and the relative contents of illite and chlorite increased, implying a dry-cold climate dominated this period. Therefore, the changes in relative contents of the clay minerals in the Chunhua loess-paleosol profile indicate that from the early Pleistocene to the late middle Pleistocene, the climate generally became dry and cold, and experienced changes from cool temperate to warm wet and to cold dry. (3) The ratio of illite to chlorite (I/C value) and illite crystallinity (IC value) also exhibited phased variations from the bottom to the top of the Chunhua profile, that is increasing first and then decreasing. The &nbsp;distribution &nbsp;of &nbsp;I/C &nbsp;ratio &nbsp;and &nbsp;illite &nbsp;crystallinity &nbsp;indicates &nbsp;that &nbsp;the &nbsp;climate &nbsp;in &nbsp;the &nbsp;Pleistocene underwent an evolution process similar to that of the clay minerals in relative content. &nbsp;【Conclusion】All the findings in this research are found to be conductive to the exploration of changes in the climate and environment of the south loess-paleosol during the Pleistocene, and may serve a scientific basis for comprehensive &nbsp;exploration &nbsp;of &nbsp;changes &nbsp;in &nbsp;climate &nbsp;and &nbsp;environment &nbsp;of &nbsp;various &nbsp;regions &nbsp;of &nbsp;the &nbsp;Loess Plateau during the Quaternary period of the Pleistocene. &nbsp;;黄土-古土壤序列是记录第四纪气候环境变化的良好信息载体之一。以黄土高原南缘陕西省淳化黄土-古土壤序列为研究对象，通过 X 射线衍射法对黄土-古土壤剖面上黏土矿物进行定性与半定量分析，调查不同土层黏土矿物相对含量及伊利石/绿泥石比值（I/C 值）的变化规律，并结合伊利石结晶度的变化特征，探讨不同土层黏土矿物特征所对应的气候变化规律，揭示黄土高原南部地区在更新世时期的气候环境演变规律。结果表明：（1）淳化剖面黏土矿物的相对含量、I/C 值以及伊利石结晶度 IC 值在反演古气候方面具有较好的指示性。（2）淳化剖面不同土层的黏土矿物类型基本相同，但其相对含量存在差异。在 WL-3～S5 阶段，即早更新世至中更新世中期，黏土矿物的组合类型为伊利石－蒙脱石－绿泥石－高岭石－蛭石，其中早更新世至中更新世早期（WL-3～L11 阶段），伊利石相对含量相对偏低，气候以温凉为主，而中更新世中期（S10～S5 阶段），伊利石相对含量上升，但蒙脱石、绿泥石含量均降低，气候相对温湿；在中更新世晚期（L5～S1 阶段），黏土矿物的组合类型改变为伊利石－绿泥石－蛭石－高岭石－蒙脱石，以伊利石和绿泥石为主，气候较为干冷。黏土矿物类型及含量表明淳化地区从早更新世早期到中更新世晚期气候环境总体干冷化，并经历了温凉－温湿－干冷的变化过程。（3）I/C 值以及伊利石结晶度 IC值从剖面底部到顶部均经历了由小到大再到小的过程，它们与黏土矿物的含量所反映的气候变化规律一致。本研究有助于探索黄土高原南部地区在更新世时期的气候环境变化，为全面了解更新世黄土高原不同地区第四纪气候环境演变提供依据。&nbsp;</p

生态遥感新锐——轻小型无人机的应用

基于研究对象视角梳理轻小型无人机遥感手段在生态学研究中的应用现状,重点分析了无人机在不同生态对象应用的优势和局限:优势主要在于其能够高灵活性、高分辨率地获取各生态对象的数据,为较大规模的生态研究提供了便利。在农田生态系统应用中主要关注农田信息检测、自动化农作等方面,但在这方面的应用还比较单一,缺乏更深层更全面的系统化应用;在森林草地中主要关注植被结构参数提取、生物量反演等,在数据采集过程中应注意设备的稳定性避免对数据准确性造成影响;城市生态系统主要集中在城市环境监测和测绘方面,同时城市方面飞控政策尚待完善;水生生态系统主要关注水生动植物监测和潮间带观测等,大规模监测也对设备续航和数据标准化处理提出了要求;动物研究应用中主要关注动物迁徙规律、物种分布等方面,在监测过程中需注意不要对动物栖息造成干扰。总的来说,无人机应用局限主要在于其获取的数据处理尚未标准化,飞控政策尚未成熟和硬件续航等方面。在此基础上探讨了未来无人机遥感在生态学研究的应用趋势:随着无人机智能化的软硬件发展和云端生态大数据的建立,无人机数据的获取和处理将更加智慧化,多源的无人机遥感数据将会更好地服务于生态学研究

北京城区PM_(2.5)中致癌重金属季节变化特征及其来源分析

于2009年4、 7、 10月和2010年1月在北京城区采集了PM_(2.5)样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析得到29种金属元素,对7种致癌重金属浓度、 富集程度及其可能的来源进行了分析.结果表明, 7种致癌重金属As、 Cd、 Co、 Cr、 Ni、 Pb和Se年均值浓度分别为(11.6&plusmn;14.0)、 (2.6&plusmn;2.4)、 (1.0&plusmn;0.7)、 (11.3&plusmn;9.4)、 (4.0&plusmn;2.4)、 (142.5&plusmn;98.9)、 (3.3&plusmn;2.2)ng&middot;m~(-3),其中仅As年均值浓度超过WHO参考限值的0.8倍.7种致癌重金属仅As、 Cd、 Pb和Se等4种重金属有明显富集现象,富集因子均超过500,其中夏季富集因子明显高于其它季节.春、 秋和冬季4种高富集致癌重金属主要来源于北京周边的燃煤和城区机动车排放,夏季则主要来源于区域性污染源的输送.</p

中国脑血管病临床管理指南（第2版）（节选）——第5章 脑出血临床管理 Chinese Stroke Association Guidelines for Clinical Management of Cerebrovascular Diseases (Second Edition) (Excerpt) ——Chapter Five Clinical Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

自发性脑出血是卒中的一种严重亚型，在中国卒中患者中占23.4%，以急性发病、病情迅速变化以及高致死和致残率为显著特点。鉴于管理脑出血所面临的紧迫和复杂挑战，本指南旨在为其临床处理提供系统性和全面性的推荐意见。本章节覆盖了从脑出血院前评估、医疗干预到二级预防和康复的各个关键环节。在具体推荐方面，本指南根据不同的证据等级，为早期诊断、影像学评估、急性期干预、内科和重症监护、外科干预以及二级预防策略提供了指导，旨在全面提升自发性脑出血诊疗的科学性和系统管理质量。 Abstract: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage represents a severe subtype of stroke, accounting for approximately 23.4% of stroke cases in China. It is characterized by its rapid onset, swift disease progression, and high rates of mortality and disability. Given the urgency and complexity in managing intracerebral hemorrhage, this guideline aims to provide systematic and comprehensive recommendations for its clinical management. This chapter covers all key aspects ranging from pre-hospital evaluation and medical intervention to secondary prevention and rehabilitation. With respect to specific recommendations, this guideline offers exhaustive guidance based on varying levels of evidence for early diagnosis, imaging assessments, acute-phase interventions, medical and ICU management, surgical interventions, and secondary prevention strategies, with the ultimate aim of enhancing the scientific rigor and systematic quality of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage management