当院の人間ドック受診者における喫煙状況 －最近10年間の健診データベースより－

当院健診部のデータベースより，人間ドック受診者について過去10年間の喫煙率を抽出・調査した．男性の喫煙率は年次を経る毎に低下し，1997年度には48.8，2001年度43.6，2006年度34.7となっていた．一方，女性では大きな変動はなかったが，1997年度には5.8％，2001年4.3％，2006年7.0％と寧ろ増加傾向が観察された．年齢別の成績では40歳未満と40歳代に高率で，50歳代でやや低く，60歳以上で明らかに低率であった．全国集計の喫煙率と比べると，当院人間ドック受診者は男女共に各年度を通じて数％低く，人間ドック受診者の健康意識の高さを反映していると考えられた．今後，当院でもニーズに応じて，禁煙指導等を行うことにより，健診受診者や地域住民の健康への道を支援したい

Clinical early phase II study of bicalutamide (Casodex) in patients with prostatic cancer

ビカルタミド1日1回50mg群, 80mg及び100mgを12週間投与する3群比較の無作為化非盲検試験を実施した. 1)登録症例は124例で, 適格例は122例であった. 2)総合効果における奏効率は50mg群, 80mg群及び100mg群でそれぞれ50.5%, 61.0%及び53.7%であった. 3)PSAに対する奏効率は50mg群, 80mg群及び100mg群でそれぞれ84.2%, 92.7%及び97.6%であった. 4)副作用発現率は3群ほぼ6割で副作用による中止例は80mg群の1例のみで, 安全度において3群間に有意差はなかった.主な副作用は乳房腫脹, 乳房圧痛等であったTo investigate the efficacy and safety of bicalutamide (Casodex(R)) with its clinically recommended dose, the randomized early phase II study was performed in 124 patients with prostatic cancer (stage C, D). The patients were given 50, 80 or 100 mg of bicalutamide orally once a day in fixed doses for 12 weeks ; 122 patients were eligible for evaluation. The overall response rate was 50.0% (20/40); 61.0% (25/41) and 53.7% (22/41) in the 50 mg, 80 mg and 100 mg groups, respectively. The response rate in prostate lesion, bone and lymph node metastases was slightly higher in the 80 mg group than in the 50 mg and 100 mg groups. The proportion of patients showing a response with regard to serum PSA (CR and PR) was 84.2, 92.7 and 97.6% in the 50, 80 and 100 mg groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions was 65.0, 61.0 and 61.0% in the 50, 80 and 100 mg groups, respectively, and there was no significant difference in overall safety rating in the three groups. Frequent adverse reactions were gynecomastia and breast pain. Only one patient in the 80 ing group was withdrawn due to shortness of breath. Serum concentrations of LH, testosterone and estradiol increased significantly after treatment. Bicalutamide was concluded to be effective and well tolerated in patients with prostatic cancer, and its recommended dose was 80 mg once daily

H. 「新パルプ資源ケナフの栽培と利用に関する研究」

本研究は、エコマテリアルとしての非木材繊維資源に最も適切である一年生植物ケナフ(Hibiscus cannabinus L.)の栽培とその利用を目的に、1\u27993年より開始した研究である。従来の成果は、すでに本年報1\u27992、\u2794、\u2795、\u2796、\u2797および\u2798年に報告した。昨年度は、特に従来のケナフ栽培の成果の総決算として、平塚市と共同研究を行ない、休耕田にケナフを栽培した。栽培したケナフは、秋に採集し、二度に渡ってパルプ工場でパルプにした。このパルプは、第一回目は、封筒として平塚市が使用し、第二回目は、名刺、封筒、便箋紙として市民に還元した。この本年の平塚市との一貫した共同作業は、産官学プロジェクト作業の一大モデルとして全国にアピールし、各地のケナフ栽培を進展させ、今日に至っている。途上、数多くの講演会、シンポジウム、栽培の立ち会いと指導などでの啓蒙と普及をはかった。本年度もこの共同研究と共同作業は続いている。一方、栽培したケナフを用いる環境保護・保全に対する野外実習と室内学習に際し、各小学校・公民館・作業所におけるパルプ化と紙すきの実施にあたり、従来の化学薬品を用いるパルプ化とその漂白では、危険があり真の環境保全ではない(薬品を流すことから)と感じ、無薬品漂白を試みた。その結果、新しい方法として水だけで蒸解し、その前後処理や叩解をうまく組み込む方法を確立した。この方法は、「ケナフパルプの作製方法」(特許願第320811号)として出願し、1\u27999(平成11)年7月30日付で審査合格し、特許第2960063号として認可登録された。こうした背景から各所での無薬品パルプ化と漂白の指導を行い、学生と一環となって啓蒙運動を行なった。このような成果を非木材紙普及協会の機関誌JELBAへ掲載した。また、第3回ケナフ栽培・利用研究発表会(非木材紙普及協会主催)みおいて"ケナフは熱帯雨林を救えるのか?(1)ケナフの光合成代謝系の同定と二酸化炭素CO_2同化の特性について"と題した研究発表を行ない、地球温暖化防止賞を授賞した。以下論文の要旨と概要を記載する

软配位原子效应在锌和镉分离中的应用

研究了锌和镉在二（1，1，3，3-四甲基丁基）膦酸（HMBP）及二（1，1，3，3-四甲基丁基）巯基膦酸（HMTP）／环己烷-硝酸体系中的萃取行为。以软配位原子-硫取代HMBP分子中的羟基氧原子而得到的HMTP对镉具有良好的选择性。以HMTP为萃取剂，仅一次萃取可以实现锌和镉的定量分离

Effect of soft donor atom on the mutual separation of zinc and cadmium

Extraction behavior of zinc and cadmium in the systems of bis(1,1,3, 3-tetramethylbutyl) phosphinic acid (HMBP)/cyclohexane-nitric acid and bis(1,1,3, 3-tetramethylbutyl) monothiophosphinic acid (HMTP)/cyclohexane-nitric acid was systematically investigated. The extraction mechanism was proposed through the log-log plot analysis, and the extracted species of zinc and cadmium might be Zn[H (MBP)(2)](2), Cd[H(MBP)(2)](2) in HMBP/C6H12-HNO3 system and Zn[H(MTP)(2)](2), Cd[H(MTP)(2)](2) in HMTP/C6H12-HNO3 system. Experimental results showed that the selectivity of HMBP to cadmium was remarkably improved by introducing the soft donor atom sulfur into HMBP molecule, and the quantitative mutual separation of cadmium from zinc could be achieved by a single extraction with HMTP as an extractant. This method may be expected to be useful for the determination of trace cadmium in high purity zinc

RENAL HISTOLOGICAL LESIONS AND PROGNOSIS UNTIL INDUCTION OF HEMODIALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY WHO SHOW OVERT PROTEINURIA

The quantity of proteinuria is believed to play an important role in determining the prognosis in various kidney diseases. We investigated the relationship between urinary protein excretion and renal histological severity in patients with overt diabetic nephropathy. A total of 60 patients (male 38, female 22, mean age 58 years old) with type 2 diabetes and overt proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/day and no other renal disease on renal biopsy were divided evenly into the following 3 groups: group L with proteinuria of 0.5～1.5 g/day; group M with proteinuria of 1.6～4.0 g/day; and group H with proteinuria of 4.1～26.4 g/day. Renal histological severity was evaluated numerically and patients were classified into the following groups: glomerular diffuse lesions (D) and nodular lesions (N) were divided into 5 stages; vascular lesions (V) and tubulointerstitial lesions (T) were divided into 4 stages; total histological injury score was calculated using the total score of the above 4 lesions. We investigated the clinical profiles of the 9 patients who could be observed from the time of renal biopsy to induction of hemodialysis. The grades of D and T lesions were significantly higher in group H than in group L. The grades of N lesions were significantly higher in groups M and H than in group L. There was no difference in the severity of V lesions between groups L, M, and H. Total histological injury score was significantly higher in groups M and H than in group L. The interval from renal biopsy to induction of hemodialysis was 38±19 months; serum creatinine concentration was 7.6±1.6 mg/dl at the time of induction of hemodialysis. There was a significant correlation between urinary protein excretion at the time of renal biopsy and declining rate of GFR (r=0.606, p＜0.05). In conclusion, the quantity of proteinuria was related to renal histological severity and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy

DISORDERS OF LIPID METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

Remnant like particle (RLP), which is enriched in apo E and cholesterol esters, refers to lipoproteins that do not have an immunoaffinity to gel mixture of anti-apo A-I and anti-apo B-100 monoclonal antibodies. It is one of the most atherogenic lipo- proteins. High levels of RLP indicate the existence of lipid metabolism disorders. To investigate whether disorders of lipid metabolism exist in patients with non-insulin depen- dent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we measured RLP-cholesterol (RLP-C) in 64 patients with NIDDM, 21 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 16 healthy controls. Furthemore, we prescribed bezafibrate (500 mg/day for 3 months), which improves hyper- lipidemia through activating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL), to 6 patients with NIDDM with high levels of serum RLP-C to assess its effect on lipid metabolism and diabetic nephropathy. The levels of serum RLP-C were higher in the NIDDM group than in the healthy controls. These levels had a correlation with the levels of serum triglyceride (TG), but not with the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The levels of serum RLP-C, TC, and TG decreased after treatment with bezafibrate in all patients, but there was no improve- ment of carbohydrate metabolism or urinary albumin excretion. Our findings suggest that the disorders of lipid metabolism exist in patients with NIDDM, and bezafibrate may be useful in improving these disorders in patients with NIDDM