尿中抗原陰性であったが腐葉土との接触から診断に至ったレジオネラ肺炎の一例

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CHANGE OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS FROM 1987 TO 1992 IN NARA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

Emergency operations from 1987 to 1992 in N ara Medical University Hospital were analyzed. Annual total numbers of anesthetized patients were 2811 cases in 1987, 2843 cases in 1988, 2938 cases in 1989, 3154 cases in 1990, 3243 cases in 1991, and 3295 cases in 1992 respectively, in which annual numbers of emergency operations were 357 cases in 1987, 361 cases in 1988, 370 cases in 1989, 492 cases in 1990, 509 cases in 1991, and 513 cases in 1992. They were promptly increased after the establishment of the Department (Dpt.) of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine in 1990. The most frequent performed operations as emergency surgery were as follows : Caesarean section and ectopic pregnancy in Dpt. of Obstetrics and Gynecology ; appenditis and peritonitis in Dpt. of 1st Surgery ; hydrocephalus, intracerebral hematoma, and cerebral aneurysm in Dpt. of 2nd Surgery ; aortic aneurysm and pneumothorax in Dpt. of 3rd Surgery ; appenditis, peritionitis, subdural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma, and cerebral aneurysm in Dpt. of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. On the initiation time of surgery, 38.9% of emergency cases were started between 12 noon and 4p.m.. Average anesthetic times were as follows : 316 min (Dpt. of 3rd Surgery), 250 min (Orthopedics), 241 min (Critical Care Medicine) and 237 min (2nd Surgery). Whenever surgeons propose an emergency case, anesthesiologist should not cancel their requirement for morbid patient care. Hence it should be defined the reasonable decision (indication, initiation time etc.), and rules for perforning emergency operation, such as adequate numbers of operation rooms with surgeons, anethesiologists, nurses, and paramedical staffs

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE DURATION OF PREOPERATIVE PERIOD IN THE OPERATING ROOM OF NARA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 1992

The contributing factors which related to the duration of preoperative period in the operating theater of Nara Medical University Hospital are assessed. The 3295 anesthetic records from January 1 to December 31 of 1992 were examined retrospectively. The duration from arrival at the operating room to start of surgery were classified into five groups according to consumed time at intervals of 30 minutes. As the results, average duration was 47.8±22.2 min. In the elective cases, the most frequent subjects, 1889 patients (57%), were classified to 30-60 min group. They were composed of cases in the other departments except for Department of 2nd and 3rd Surgery which were classified to 30-60 min group and the cases of Department of 2nd and 3rd Surgery were classified to 60-90 min group. In the emergency cases, 181 patients (33%) were classified to less than 30 min group. As factors of time-consumption in the preoperative period (more than 90 min), we considered various procedures such as intubation using special endobronchial tube, puncture of central vein and artery, cannulation of Swan-Ganz catheter, epidural puncture, posture change etc. To reduce the duration of the preoperative period, we should reconsider the training curriculum of unexperienced anesthesiologists and keep the teamwork between anesthesiologists, surgeons, and nurses

Study of Sliding Friction Influenced by Surface Texturing

[[abstract]]1966年時研究磨潤學的學者發現，金屬表面之微小粗糙峰，會影響巨觀之潤滑行為，可造成滑動表面的潤滑效應。經多年的深入研究證實了此現象，並發展出在表面上製作周期性分佈特徵的技術，稱為Surface Texturing的技術(以下稱為表面微結構)，並證實在滑動面上製作表面微結構，可降低摩擦現象。直至今日，學者們仍致力於研究，運用表面微結構技術，控制物體相對滑動時產生之摩擦與磨耗現象。 　　本研究主要探討圓形表面微結構之幾何參數，在面對面接觸條件及無潤滑狀態下，表面微結構之降低滑動摩擦效應之研究。本研究以田口實驗方法規劃圓形表面微結構之滑動摩擦試驗。為達到面接觸條件，以自行開發之摩擦力量測系統進行量測。 　　實驗結果顯示，表面微結構在正向荷重2kg、滑動速度0 79375 mm/s之實驗條件；幾何參數配置在直徑300μm、深度10μm、面密度5%時，可降低25%之摩擦係數；但不適當的幾何參數配置下，會得到負面的結果，使摩擦現象愈嚴重。根據變異數分析，影響表面微結構降低摩擦效應之幾何參數，貢獻度由高至低排列，最高為表面微結構之直徑71 93%，其次為深度13 46%，再次為面密度4 07%。[[abstract]]Tribologists revealed the lubricated effect of sliding surface influenced by micro-irregularities in 1966s This phenomenon has been recognized by further investigation over the years And it has been developed a surface texturing technics for reducing the friction behavior of sliding surface Nowadays scientists still investigating the use of surface texturing to mitigate the sliding friction and wear This paper investigated the friction reduction effect by dimple texturing and signficance of dimple parameter under non-lubricated condition and flat-on-flat contact In order to match the flat-on-flat condition this paper developed a set of sliding friction testing equipment which can meet the requirement The sliding friction experiment is designed by Taguchi methods The dimple parameter including diameter depth and area ratio The experimental result show the friction reduction by dimple texturing with 300μm in diameter 10μm in depth and 5% in area ratio the optimum sliding friction reduction obtained could up to 25% under sliding speed is 0 79375 mm/s and normal load is 2 kg However the dimple pattern with inappropriate dimple parameter could cause the frictional behavior more severer Moreover The ANOVA show the contribution of dimple parameter The most significant factor is diameter (71 93%) the second is depth (13 46%) and the most insignificant factor is depth (4 07%

非線性瞬時移動邊界模式之研究

台灣地區四面環海，海岸線長約1,139 公里，海岸侵蝕造成的國土流失為一項重要的課題，一但國土被侵蝕就很難再恢復原狀，其可能衝擊沿海的各種產業，如工業、觀光業、養殖業。甚至造成沿海居民受災風險增高與沿海居民向內陸移居。而造成海岸侵蝕的原因主要為風力與海浪這兩者，而本文主要為討論海浪之部分，藉由研究海浪之特性以防止海岸之侵蝕。本研究應用曲線坐標順應瞬時變動之自由表面邊界，以勢能流函數發展二維完全非線性水波模式，探討其以淺水波理論給予初始條件的適宜性。模式採用貼壁坐標配合有限差分法求解完全非線性自由液面條件及拉普拉斯勢能流流場方程式。計算問題注重在初始條件的探討。在模式印證部份，分析孤立波在平底床渠道長距離傳遞的計算結果。以孤立波的特性可維持非線性與頻散性平衡而維持波形不變的情況下以定速移動。結果發現淺水波的初始條件置入本模式完全非線性條件，波高會輕微降低，尾波會產生少許的不規則波，但在計算過程中逐漸調整滿足完全非線性的條件至收斂解。模式將滿足非線性條件移動長時間的孤立波數值解擷取其收斂解重新作為初始條件，則可明顯減小尾跡波的情形。The coastline of Taiwan, an island all surrounded by the sea, is about 1,139 km long. Land loss caused by coastal erosion is an important issue. Once the erosion of land was difficult to restitution, it may impact the coastal variety of industry, tourism, and aquaculture. Moreover, it will also result in the increasing risk of coastal residents and the affected coastal residents move inland. The coastal erosion was mainly due to wind and waves effects, and this study is aimed at discussing the effects of the waves in order to prevent the erosion of the coast. This study is to develop a two-dimensional fully-nonlinear wave model of potential function. A transient curvilinear coordinate system is applied to fit the moving free surface. The main subject is focused on the initial condition problem. This model is combined with boundary-fitted grid and a fast finite-difference method to discretize the free-surface boundary conditions and the Laplace equation of potential function. It is known the solitary wave can travel with a constant speed and keep its symmetric shape because of its balance of nonlinearity and dispersion. It is convenient to impose our initial condition using Boussinesq analytic solution. However, there will be a series of weak trailing waves occurred behind the main wave, and the main wave amplitude is tiny smaller than that of the incident one. After the wave propagating a long distance, computational converged solution is gradually adjusted to satisfy the fully-nonlinear conditions. The main wave can fling the trailing waves. Thus, we cut the zone of computational solution as the initial condition of incident wave. It is shown this feedback can eliminate the trailing waves of solitary wave

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT

[[abstract]]一種摩擦係數測試裝置包括：一基座；一對磨板，設置在該基座上，且該對磨板包括一承載面；一框架，圍繞在該基座及該對磨板的周圍，呈現一口字型；一加壓單元，穿過該框架；一非接觸支撐力，形成在該框架與該基座之間用以使該框架與該基座之間保持間隙；一第一力量計，設置在該加壓單元下方；一第二力量計，其一端用以連接該物件；以及一驅動單元，設置在該基座上，並連接該第二力量計之另一端，用以拉動該第二力量計、該物件及該框架

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT

[[abstract]]一種摩擦係數測試裝置包括：一基座；一對磨板，設置在該基座上，且該對磨板包括一承載面；一框架，圍繞在該基座及該對磨板的周圍，呈現一口字型；一加壓單元，穿過該框架；一非接觸支撐力，形成在該框架與該基座之間用以使該框架與該基座之間保持間隙；一第一力量計，設置在該加壓單元下方；一第二力量計，其一端用以連接該物件；以及一驅動單元，設置在該基座上，並連接該第二力量計之另一端，用以拉動該第二力量計、該物件及該框架

量測物體位移至次奈米級解析度之設備與方法

[[abstract]]一種量測物體位移至次奈米級解析度之設備，其包含一雷射光產生器、一分光鏡組、一全像片、兩光纖導線、兩空間濾波器、一黑白攝影機、及一資訊處理器。該雷射光產生器用以產生所需之同調的雷射光源。該分光鏡組用以將該雷射光產生器產生之同調的雷射光源分為二束雷射光束。該全像片用於記錄該工件變形前後之影像，而形成一干涉影像。該兩光纖導線之一端連接於該分光鏡組，分別地導引該分光鏡組之二束雷射光束。該兩空間濾波器用以擴大該雷射光束，分別地連接於該兩光纖導線之另一端，將光纖導線所導引二束雷射光束之一束入射物體後，再反射至該全像片，另一束直接入射該全像片。該黑白攝影機用以擷取該全像片之干涉影像。該資訊處理器連接於該黑白攝影機，將該干涉影像轉換成一灰階值分佈，並計算該工件之變形量。五、(一)、本案代表圖為：第＿＿＿＿8＿＿＿＿圖 (二)、本案代表圖之元件代表符號簡單說明： 200 量測物體位移至次奈米級解析度之設備 202 雷射光產生器 204 分光鏡 206 光纖導線 207 光纖導線 208 空間濾波器 209 空間濾波器 210 全像片 212 雷射光束 213 雷射光束 214 雷射光源 220 工件 224 壓電轉換器 226 夾具 228 物件平台 230 黑白攝影機 240 資訊處理