[[alternative]]The impact of political events on stocks in Mainland China : a case study of oil gang

碩士[[abstract]]論文題要內容：大陸貪腐問題沈痼己久，習近平上任後，為重塑清廉政治，強力進行反貪腐行動。而本文要驗證中國大陸石油幫窩案事件宣告是否會影響石油相關類股的股價報酬率。利用事件研究法，研究大陸股票市場中石油相關類股是否會受到政治事件的影響。[[abstract]]The problem of corruption in mainland China has been for a long time.After Xi Jinping took office, he is fighting against corruption in order to rebuild his political integrity.This article will test whether the announcement of the mainland China oil-based Sovereign case will affect the price-earnings ratio of oil-related stocks. Using event study to research whether oil-related stocks in the mainland stock market will be affected by political events.[[tableofcontents]]第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景及動機 1 第二節 研究目的 5 第三節 研究範圍與限制 6 第四節 研究流程與章節安排 7 第二章 文獻回顧 8 第一節 政治關聯性之實證研究 8 第二節 事件研究相關實證研究與理論基礎 11 一、理論基礎 11 二、有關事件研究的文獻回顧 13 第三章 實證方法與研究設計 18 第一節 中國大陸石油幫窩案事件 18 第二節 研究資料及樣本 20 第三節 研究假說檢測 23 第四節 中國大陸石油幫窩案的消息宣告對股價的宣告效果 25 一、估計期與事件期的參數設定 25 二、計算各種報酬率 28 三、 統計推論宣告效果 31 第四章 實證結果與分析 34 第一節 敘述性統計 34 第二節 中國大陸石油幫窩案的消息宣告對股價的宣告效果 38 一、平均異常報酬率的分析 38 二、累積異常報酬橫斷面分析 53 第三節 本章小結 57 第五章 研究結論與建議 60 第一節 研究結論 60 第二節 研究限制與未來研究建議 62 參考文獻 63 附錄 67 表目錄 表3-1中國大陸石油幫窩案事件之緣由及消息宣告時點 19 表3-2樣本公司之簡介 21 表4-1樣本公司之股價報酬率與交易量敘述性統計 35 表4-2報酬率與交易量之敘述性統計(三類股) 37 表4-3事件一：郭永祥接受組織調查之平均異常報酬率 39 表4-4事件二：副總經理王永春正接受組織調查之平均異常報酬率 42 表4-5事件三：副總經理李華林、副總裁冉新權、總地質師王道富正接受組織調查之平均異常報酬率 44 表4-6事件四：蔣潔敏正接受組織調查之平均異常報酬率 47 表4-7事件五：中共中央決定對周永康立案審查之平均異常報酬率 49 表4-8事件六：總經理王天普涉嫌嚴重違法違紀之平均異常報酬率 51 表4- 9模式A估計期之累積異常報酬及平均累積異常報酬橫斷面分析(-5≤事件日≤+5) 55 表4-10模式B估計期之累積異常報酬及平均累積異常報酬橫斷面分析(-5≤事件日≤+5) (-5≤事件日≤+5) 56 表4-11實證結果彙總 58 圖目錄 圖1-1研究章節流程 7 圖3-1中國大陸石油幫窩案之事件期及估計期A的參數設定 27 圖3-2 中國大陸石油幫窩案之事件期及估計期B的參數設定 27 圖3-3研究流程檢測圖 33 圖4-1郭永祥正接受組織調查之全樣本平均異常報酬率 40 圖4-2郭永祥正接受組織調查之各類股平均異常報酬率 40 圖4-3副總經理王永春正接受組織調查之全樣本平均異常報酬率 42 圖4-4副總經理王永春正接受組織調查之各類股平均異常報酬率 43 圖4-5副總經理李華林、副總裁冉新權、總地質師王道富正接受組織調查之全樣本平均異常報酬率 45 圖4-6副總經理李華林、副總裁冉新權、總地質師王道富正接受組織調查之各類股平均異常報酬率 45 圖4-7蔣潔敏正接受組織調查之全樣本平均異常報酬率 47 圖4-8蔣潔敏正接受組織調查之各類股平均異常報酬率 48 圖4-9中共中央決定對周永康立案審查之全樣本平均異常報酬率 50 圖4-10中共中央決定對周永康立案審查之全樣本平均異常報酬率 50 圖4-11總經理王天普涉嫌嚴重違法違紀之全樣本平均異常報酬率 52 圖4-12總經理王天普涉嫌嚴重違法違紀之各類股平均異常報酬率 52[[note]]學號: 601280083, 學年度: 10

The Case Study of Merger Policy on Tsung-Yeh Elementary School in Tainan County: A Policy Termination Approach

2004年12月監察院公布一份「教育部所屬預算分配結構之檢討」報告書，建議各縣市應裁併迷你小校，以節省每年高達51億元人事經費的支出，而行政院為了鼓勵各縣市政府廢併校，提出在中央對各縣市教育設施補助經費中，列入裁併校補助項目。是故，這些「理由」成了地方政府的「令箭」，使得部分地方政府即開始著手進行小校裁併的措施。2007年5月，台南縣政府向台南縣總爺國民小學丟出一枚震撼彈，為促進台南縣境內藝文建設之發展，縣政府下令自97學年度開始，總爺國小將走入歷史。鑒於上述，台灣社會及教育層面已引起一場國教沙漠化的無形風暴。 從過去相關文獻發現，「經濟」和「教育平等」是小校裁併政策之考量面向，故本研究將從總爺國小裁併案所涉及之政策價值出發，運用次級資料分析法以及深度訪談等研究方式，以政策終結為主軸，試圖從可行之分析面向來探測總爺國小裁併案政策終結發生的原因；其次，從總爺國小裁併個案釐清政策終結在決策與執行面之爭議和衝突，找出主要政策行動者在裁併前、裁併中及裁併後對於該政策的主張及立場；最後，瞭解政策終結理論在本案的適用性，從緣由、障礙及Behn所提出的十二個指標來評估台南總爺國小裁併過程，並就終結過程模式，進一步研擬政策終結所應具有之策略，作為本研究之政策建議。希冀本研究有益於社會各界對於相關個案之認識與瞭解，有助各縣市政府未來施政之參考依據。In December 2004,The Control Yuan published a "Ministry of Education to review the structure of budget allocations," the report, the proposed local goverment should be cut down and merge small schools to save as much as 5.1 billion annual expenditure on personnel expenses, and the Executive Yuan in order to encourage school districts and municipal waste, local government grant funding for educational facilities, the inclusion of the projects of the school subsidy.Therefore, these reasons making part of the local government that is embarked on measures to cut down and merge small schools. May 2007, Tainan County to the Tsung-Yeh elementary School shells out of a shock that promote the development of the arts building, the county government ordered the 97 since the beginning of the school year, the school will be history. In view of the above, Taiwan''s social and educational level has a elementary education of the invisible crisis of desertification. Literature from the past found that "economic" and "educational equality" is cut down and merge small schools policy-oriented considerations, it will be the case in this study involved the value of the policy, the use of secondary data analysis, as well as depth interviews and other research approach, trying to analyze feasible to detect the cause of the case of policy termination; Furthermore, from the case to clarify the policy decision-making and implementation in the face of controversy and conflict, identify the key policy actors in the cut down and merge ago, after the cut down and merge in and cut down and merge the idea of the policy and position; Finally, understanding the applicability of the theory in this case, from the origins, obstacles and Behn proposed 12 indicators to assess the case, and further development of policy termination of the strategy should be, as the policy recommendations in this study. Hope this study related to the benefit of the community''s awareness and understanding of the case, the local government will help the reference by some implication for future policy.中文摘要 i 英文摘要 ii 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的與問題 3 第三節 研究架構與研究設計 4 第四節 研究範圍與限制 9 第二章 理論探討與文獻分析 11 第一節 政策變遷與政策終結 11 第二節 利害關係人 18 第三節 政策論證 31 第四節 相關文獻檢閱 41 第三章 總爺國小裁併案之政策形成與動態發展 47 第一節 裁併背景的初步分析 47 第二節 裁併校的潛伏與啟動 51 第三節 裁併校過程的行動拉鋸 63 第四節 裁併校後的盪漾餘波 74 第四章 總爺國小裁併政策終結正反兩方互動策略之實證分析 77 第一節 政策終結前的政策論據 77 第二節 政策終結過程的衝突與爭議 95 第三節 政策終結過程的障礙與策略 103 第四節 政策終結動機的再省思 108 第五章 結論 113 第一節 研究發現 113 第二節 理論檢證 123 第三節 研究建議 130 第四節 後續研究建議 132 附錄 135 附錄1 總爺國小裁併校大事記 135 附錄2 訪談提綱 138 附錄3 訪談紀錄 141 參考書目 23

Technology Mediated Reminiscence: Designing Interactions with Digital Mementos

回憶懷舊是我們生活中的日常現象，而科技早已融入其中，甚至取代了我們的能力。絕大部分的記憶輔具，以可靠的資訊提醒使用者那些可能已被遺忘的記憶。然而，卻較少有研究反思這樣以功效為主的「記憶」擴增設計，是否普適於以經驗為重的「回憶」輔助；也少有研究探討回憶經驗與人造物互動性質之間的關係。本論文以一系列數位回憶輔具（reminiscence aid）的設計研究來探索這個設計議題，同時，設計者自身也以這段透過設計的研究（research through design），反身地理解並定義何謂一個好的科技輔助懷舊（technology-mediated reminiscence）。我們視回憶懷舊為日常生活中一段意義建構的歷程。透過這樣的觀點，我們認為回憶輔具應由三個重要的互動屬性所組成：喚起（evocative）、對話（dialogical）與重構（reconstructive）。我們藉由三個框架設計物（framing artifact）與一個設計案例的田野研究經驗，反思何謂一個可能的、更好且「正確」的科技輔助懷舊設計，並主張將人與回憶輔具之間視為一個互為主體（intersubjective）的關係。在這樣彼此知悉的互動關係中，本論文提出「被感知的缺陷（perceived drawback）」此一互動設計的經驗品質（experiential quality），其目的在激起使用者的批判敏銳度，並鼓勵使用者主動跳出數位回憶物消費習慣的常態。本論文記錄了上述批判式製作（critical making）的科技設計與介入的過程，與實作背後的設計思維，以提供人機互動領域的懷舊科技設計者可參考的設計建議。Reminiscence has been viewed as a phenomenon across our whole life, a life where technologies live with us. Most work on digital memory aids focuses on “adding” information to the venue to help users remember or recollect things that might have been forgotten. However, little of that research has reflected on this mainstream approach and focused on the relationship between reminiscence and the qualities of interactive artifacts that leads to a better reminiscence experience. In this dissertation, we present a design research process to gain knowledge of designing reminiscence aids, and show how it reflexively helps us understand a better state of technology-mediated reminiscence. We see reminiscence as an experience-centered rather than a utility-oriented interaction where people are engaged in a meaning-making process situated in their daily lives. From a constructive perspective, we define and explore a new design space for reminiscence aids based on three interaction attributes, namely, evocative, dialogical, and reconstructive. With an epistemological stance of research through design, three framing artifacts and the Reflexive Printer, our design example, illustrate our propositions toward what might be a preferred and “right” interaction design for technology-mediated reminiscence. With the insights from the field studies, we reframe technology-mediated reminiscence as an intersubjective interaction between human and artifact. In this mutually informed relationship, we propose perceived drawbacks as an experiential quality for provoking the critical sensibilities of users and engaging them in transgressing the norm of digital photo consumption. This dissertation is a documentation of the critical making and the design thinking behind our practices. We also highlight several implications for designing technologies for reminiscence that HCI communities can leverage in the future.中文摘要 II ABSTRACT III TABLE OF CONTENTS V TABLE OF FIGURES VII TABLE OF TABLES VIII CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 A TRUE STORY 1 1.2 INITIAL RESEARCH QUESTIONS 3 1.3 APPROACHES 4 1.4 DISSERTATION ORGANIZATION 6 CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK 8 2.1 DIGITAL MEDIA AND MEMORY 8 2.2 DIGITAL MEMORY AIDS 10 2.3 REMINISCENCE 12 2.3.1 REMINISCENCE AS AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY 12 2.3.2 REMINISCENCE AS DIALOGICAL LANGUAGE USE 13 CHAPTER 3 TECHNOLOGY-MEDIATED REMINISCENCE 15 3.1 DIGITAL REMINISCENCE AIDS 15 3.1.1 MEMORY AIDS VS. REMINISCENCE AIDS 16 3.2 A PREFERRED STATE OF TMR 17 3.2.1 EVOCATIVE 18 3.2.2 DIALOGICAL 19 3.2.3 RECONSTRUCTIVE 20 3.3 INITIAL DESIGN SPACE OF REMINISCENCE AIDS 21 CHAPTER 4 DESIGN CASE I: MUSIC LISTENING IN HOSPITAL 23 4.1 INTRODUCTION 23 4.2 THE DESIGNED ARTIFACT: RETRO JUKEBOX 24 4.3 FIELD STUDY 26 4.4 FINDINGS 27 4.4.1 I’M NOT FEELING WELL! 27 4.4.2 SITUATED USAGE IN THE WARD 28 4.4.3 MUSIC-MEDIATED EXPERIENTIAL RESONANCE 29 4.5 DISCUSSION AND REFLECTION 31 CHAPTER 5 DESIGN CASE II: PHOTO SHARING IN RELATIONSHIP 33 5.1 INTRODUCTION 34 5.2 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE AND MODEL 35 5.3 THE DESIGNED ARTIFACT: OBLIVESCENCE BOARD 37 5.4 FIELD EXPERIMENT 39 5.5 FINDINGS 42 5.5.1 MEDIATED RECONSTRUCTION OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY 42 5.5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSACTIVE MEMORY SYSTEM 43 5.6 DISCUSSION AND REFLECTION 44 CHAPTER 6 DESIGN CASE III: SOUNDSCAPE ASSOCIATION IN LIFE 47 6.1 INTRODUCTION 48 6.2 THE DESIGNED ARTIFACT: SOUNDTAG 49 6.3 FIELD STUDY 53 6.4 FINDINGS 54 6.4.1 ENCODED PERSONAL MEANING IN SOUND TAGS 54 6.4.2 SYSTEM LIMITATION INCREASE SENSIBILITY IN SITU 57 6.4.3 INTERNALIZATION OF SELF-ASSOCIATION 58 6.4.4 PERSONAL VALUE ON DIGITAL MEMENTOS 60 6.5 DISCUSSION AND REFLECTION 62 CHAPTER 7 PERCEIVED DRAWBACKS IN REMINISCENCE 64 7.1 INSIGHTS GROUNDED IN THE THREE CASES 64 7.2 A CRITICAL REFRAMING OF TMR 68 7.2.1 THE THREE THEMES 68 7.2.2 INTERSUBJECTIVE REFRAMING OF HUMAN-ARTIFACT RELATIONSHIP 70 7.3 PERCEIVED DRAWBACKS AS A RESOURCE 73 7.2.1 PERCEIVED DRAWBACKS AND CRITICAL DESIGN 74 7.2.2 PERCEIVED DRAWBACKS VS. AMBIGUITY 75 7.4 THE DESIGN SPACE OF REMINISCENCE AIDS WITH DRAWBACKS 76 CHAPTER 8 DESIGN CASE IV: COMPANION IN DAILY PRACTICE 78 8.1 INTRODUCTION 78 8.2 THE DESIGNED ARTIFACT: REFLEXIVE PRINTER 81 8.2.1 THE DESIGNED DRAWBACKS 81 8.2.2 THE DESIGN OF THE REFLEXIVE PRINTER 83 8.3 FIELD STUDY 88 8.4 FINDINGS 90 8.4.1 ARTIFACT AS AN INTERSUBJECTIVE INTERLOCUTOR 90 8.4.2 LIMITED OR ALTERED INFORMATION FOR MEANING MAKING 91 8.4.3 MATERIALITY IN THE WILD 92 8.4.4 REMINISCING IN DAILY ROUTINE 94 8.5 DISCUSSION AND REFLECTION 95 CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION 98 9.1 CONTRIBUTIONS 98 9.2 STEPS TO THE PREFERRED TMR 100 9.3 DESIGN IMPLICATIONS FOR REMINISCENCE AIDS 100 LIST OF REFERENCES 10

Magnetic properties and microstructure of FePt(B4C-Ag) and FePt(BOx-Ag) granular films

本實驗主要為探討在FePt膜層中加入第三項化合物以達成良好晶粒分隔及晶粒大小均勻顆粒膜，分兩部分進行；第一部分為利用B4C作為分隔物，以磁控濺鍍的方式交錯沉積多層膜[FePt(2.5nm)/B4C(tnm)]4 (t= 0-1)以及[FePt(2.5 nm)/(B4C)y(Ag)1-y(0.25 nm)]4 (y=0-1) 的膜層結構在非晶玻璃基板上，並經過快速升溫退火系統800oC持溫3分鐘，得到具有垂直磁晶異向性的FePt(B4C)和FePt(B4C-Ag)顆粒薄膜。結果顯示不互溶的(B4C, Ag)添加物可分隔FePt晶粒並維持晶格中c軸排列。B4C化合物鍵結為強共價鍵，非常堅硬並具高熔點的陶瓷材料，加入後可避免退火後軟磁相FeB的生成。微量添加的Ag與Fe及Pt相較下因具有較高的遷移率，可促進序化。在(FePt)90 [(B4C)0.7Ag0.3)]10的膜層比例中得到平均晶粒大小為14.7 nm的顆粒薄膜。另一系列的實驗中為改變穿插層的層數由四層提升為十層，膜層結構如[FePt/B4C(tnm)]10 (t= 0-0.4)以及[FePt/(B4C)yAg1-y (0.1nm)]10 (y = 0.2-0.8)，經氬氣氛下退火，形成具垂直磁晶異向性(Hc//=12.8 kOe, Hc//=4.1kOe)及良好的c軸對稱性(LOF=0.96)的FePt(B4C)和FePt(B4C-Ag)顆粒薄膜。B4C的添加使FePt晶粒微結構由連續膜轉變為迷宮狀的膜層但晶界卻不夠明確，直到微量Ag添加後使FePt晶粒分隔形成FePt的顆粒薄膜，並在(FePt)90[(B4C)0.2Ag0.8)]10 膜層比例中得到平均晶粒大小為10.6 nm的顆粒薄膜。 第二部分為研究在使用磁性濺鍍以交錯沉積的方式製備[FePt(1nm)/B(0.1 nm)]10以及[FePt(1nm)/B(0.7nm)-Ag(0.3nm)]10膜層結構。在沉積B或B-Ag時分別通入(0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7)百分比例之氧通量，以避免經快速升溫製程800oC持溫3分鐘退火後軟磁相FeB的生成；觀察FePt膜層在電漿氧化後所產生之磁性質與微結構上的變化。在FePt(B, Ag)系列中，可觀察到通入氧後的膜層，B氧化物以及Fe氧化物皆形成，當氧通量小於1%時，微結構為迷宮狀，晶粒大小由8.1 nm上升至10.1 nm。當氧通量大於3%後晶粒大小下降至4~5 nm，但垂直方向的矯頑磁力由15.0 kOe下降到3.7 kOe，嚴重被膜層中的軟磁相鐵氧化物所破壞。We investigated the third compound added in FePt layer in order to achieve good grain segregation and grain size uniform granular films. Can be divide into two parts. In the first part, Multilayers [FePt (2.5 nm)/B4C (t nm)]4 (t=0-1) and [FePt (2.5 nm)/(B4C)0.7Ag0.3 (0.25 nm)]4 were alternately deposited on a glass substrate and subsequently annealed by a rapid thermal process (RTP) at 800oC for 3 min. After RTP, the granular FePt(B4C) and FePt(B4C-Ag) films with perpendicular magnetization were formed. The immiscible (B4C, Ag) elements were used as segregant to isolate FePt grains and maintain c-axis alignment. The B4C is an extremely covalent hard ceramic material with high melting point and used to separate FePt grains and avoid the formation of soft FeB during annealing. The minor doped Ag with high mobility was used to promote the ordering. The FePt grains were separated uniformly and the average grains size was 14.7 nm in (Fe0.48Pt0.52)90 [(B4C)0.7Ag0.3)]10 film. Another series, Multilayers [FePt/B4C (t nm)]10 (t = 0-0.4) and [FePt/(B4C)yAg1-y (0.1nm)]10 (y = 0.2-0.8) films were deposited on a glass substrate and subsequently annealed by a rapid thermal process (RTP) at 800oC for 3 min. After RTP, the granular FePt(B4C) and FePt(B4C-Ag) films with perpendicular magnetization were formed. The FePt grains were interconnected in FePt(B4C) films and further broken into the small round grains in FePt(B4C-Ag) films. In FePt(B4C) films, the maze-like structure with worm shape FePt grains but the grains boundaries were still defined. The granular structure with well defined boundaries was formed when the minor Ag was added to partial replace B4C. The average grains size of FePt was 10. 6 nm in (FePt)90 [(B4C)0.2Ag0.8)]10 film. In second part, multilayers of [FePt(1 nm)/B(0.1 nm)]10 and [FePt (1nm) / (B0.7Ag0.3)(0.1nm)]10 were alternately deposited on a glass substrate and subsequently annealed using a rapid thermal process (RTP) at 800oC for 3 min. Plasma oxidation process was performed on sputtered B or (B, Ag) layer. Thereafter, granular FePt(B, Ag) films with perpendicular magnetization were formed. The immiscible (B, Ag) elements were used as a segregant to isolate FePt grains and maintain c-axis alignment. After plasma oxidation and posting annealing, the iron-oxide and boron-oxide were indexed in granular FePt(B, Ag) films. When the oxygen flow ratio within 1%, the FePt(B, Ag) film show maze like structure and the FePt grains was increased slightly from 8.1 nm to 10.1 nm after plasma oxidation. The oxygen may create vacancies that improve the atomic diffusion during ordering and enhance the grain growth. When the oxygen flow ratio is above 3%, the FePt grains size was furthered reduced to around 4~5 nm due to the boron oxide but the perpendicular magnetization and coercivity of Fe(B, Ag) film was deteriorated due to lots of soft magnetic iron-oxide.致謝 i 摘要 ii Abstract iii 目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 硬式磁碟機的簡介與發展 2 1-3 背景與研究動機 5 第二章 基礎理論與文獻回顧 6 2-1 材料之晶體結構 6 2-1-1 FePt合金結構 6 2-1-2 序化與非序化 8 2-1-3 B4C化合物結構 9 2-2 理論基礎 10 2-2-1 磁性材料 10 2-2-2 磁異向性 11 2-2-3 磁晶粒間交互作用力 15 2-3 文獻回顧 18 2-3-1 FePt薄膜之文獻回顧 18 2-3-2 FePt-Ag薄膜之文獻回顧 21 2-3-4 FePt-B4C薄膜之文獻回顧 25 2-3-4 FePt-B2O3薄膜之文獻回顧 27 第三章 實驗流程與儀器原理 29 3-1 實驗流程 29 3-2靶材選擇 30 3-3基板之選用及清洗 30 3-4 試片製備 32 3-4-1 磁控濺鍍系統 32 3-4-2 薄膜製備與熱處理 33 3-4-3 實驗設計 35 3-5 分析設備與方法 36 3-5-1膜厚量測 36 3-5-2 晶體結構分析 37 3-5-3序化度(S)與方位參數(LOF)的計算 39 3-5-4 磁性量測 44 3-5-5 微結構觀察 45 第四章 結果與討論 51 4-1 Ag/(B4C/FePt)4/Ag 多層膜之探討 52 4-1-1 (FePt)100-X(B4C)XAg 顆粒膜之X-ray繞射分析 52 4-1-2 (FePt)100-X(B4C)XAg 顆粒膜之VSM磁性質分析 53 4-1-3 (FePt)100-X(B4C)XAg 顆粒膜之TEM微結構分析 55 4-2 Ag/(B4C-Ag/FePt)4/Ag 多層膜之探討 56 4-2-1 (FePt)90[(B4C)XAg1-X]10顆粒膜之X-ray繞射分析 57 4-2-2 (FePt)90[(B4C)XAg1-X]10顆粒膜之VSM磁性質分析 57 4-2-2 (FePt)90[(B4C)XAg1-X]10顆粒膜之TEM微結構分析 60 4-3 Ag/(B4C/FePt)10 多層膜之探討 61 4-3-1 (FePt)100-X(B4C)XAg 顆粒膜之X-ray繞射分析 61 4-3-2 (FePt)100-X(B4C)XAg 顆粒膜之VSM磁性質分析 62 4-3-3 (FePt)100-X(B4C)XAg 顆粒膜之TEM微結構分析 63 4-4 (B4C-Ag/FePt)10 多層膜之探討 65 4-4-1 (FePt)90[(B4C)yAg1-y]10 顆粒膜之X-ray繞射分析 65 4-4-2 (FePt)90[(B4C)yAg1-y]10顆粒膜之VSM磁性質分析 66 4-4-3 (FePt)90[(B4C)yAg1-y]10顆粒膜之TEM微結構分析 68 4-5 Ag/(BOx/FePt)10 多層膜之探討 70 4-5-1 (FePt)90(BOx)10膜層之X-ray繞射分析 70 4-5-2 (FePt)90(BOx)10膜層之VSM磁性質分析 73 4-5-3 (FePt)90(BOx)10膜層之XPS元素價態分析 76 4-5-4 (FePt)90(BOx)10膜層之TEM微結構分析 78 4-6 Ag /(BOx-Ag/FePt)10 多層膜之探討 80 4-6-1 (FePt)90[(BOx)0.7-(Ag)0.3]10膜層之X-ray繞射分析 80 4-6-2 (FePt)90[(BOx)7-(Ag)3]10膜層之VSM磁性質分析 83 4-6-3 (FePt)90[(BOx)0.7-(Ag)0.3]10膜層之XPS元素價態分析 85 4-6-4 (FePt)90[(BOx)0.7-(Ag)0.3]10膜層之TEM微結構分析 88 第五章 結論 90 參考文獻 9

Robust Beamforming Algorithm against Direction of Arrival Mismatch and Moving Sources

可適性的波束成型技術是個非常重要的研究議題，在現今的無線通訊系統有相當多的應用，像是聲納、雷達等。寬頻的波束成型器提供了很好的寬頻信號接收能力，能有效的降低雜訊和干擾來達到非常高的輸出訊號對雜訊加干擾比。但是當欲接受信號的方向向量和接受端的指引向量有了誤差，亦即二者發生了不匹配(Mismatch)的情況，無法從陣列輸出得到欲接收的信號。為了解決這項在波束成型上的非理想問題，我們利用了寬頻信號的方向向量會和同頻率的雜訊子空間正交的特性[4,5]去建立一個目標函數，利用不同的最佳化方法找出適當的解，再帶入LCMV演算法中算出最佳權重。論文的另一個部份，就是將我們提出的寬頻雜訊子空間投影法延伸到可移動信號源的波束成型技術上，透過這個方法可以估出號源在移動後的指引向量，再將估出來的指引向量代入具指向性的波束成型演算法，透過即時(real time)處理來找到最佳的輸出。最後，提出電腦模擬的結果驗証我們的強健式演算法確實能在有指向誤差或是可移動信號源的環境下運作的非常良好。Adaptive beamforming technique is an important research issue, and it has many applications in wireless communications, such as sonar, radar and so on. Wideband beamformers provide good capability of receiving wideband signals, and it can suppress the noise and the interference effectively to achieve high OutputSINR. However, when there is mismatch between the directional vector of the signal and the steering vector in the receiving side, we can’t get the desired signal from the array output. For solving this nonideal problem, the orthogonality between the directional vector and the noise subspace with the same frequency can be used to establish a cost function. After finding the appropriate solution with the minimum cost function value through different optimization methods, the LCMV algorithm can use the result to calculate the optimum weight. In the other part of the thesis, we extend the wideband noise-subspace projection method to the beamforming of the moving source, and the correct steering vector of the moving source can be estimated. Then the estimated steering vector can be used in the adaptive beamforming algorithm to get the optimum output through real time processing. Finally, computer simulation result can verify that our robust beamforming algorithm can work very well in the environment of the steering angle error or moving sources.致謝................................................... I 摘要.................................................... II Abstract................................................III目錄.................................................... IV 第一章 諸論...............................................1 1.1 研究背景.........................................1 1.2 研究動機.........................................2 1.3 論文貢獻.........................................2 1.4 論文架構.........................................3 第二章 寬頻陣列天線信號處理之數學基礎...................4 2.1 寬頻天線陣列基本架構.................................4 2.1.1 寬頻線性陣列...................................5 2.1.2 寬頻圓形陣列...................................6 2.2 寬頻信號模型.........................................7 2.3 頻譜密度矩陣及其特徵空間.............................8 2.4 可適性波束成型技術(LCMV).............................9 2.5 分割信號及雜訊子空間- AIC & MDL.....................11 第三章 寬頻線性天線陣列對抗方位誤判之強健式波束成型技術..14 3.1 方位誤判簡介....................................14 3.2 寬頻ULA雜訊子空間投影法.........................15 3.2.1單一波束修正........................................15 3.2.2多重波束修正........................................17 3.3 對角線負載(Diagonal Loading)....................18 3.4 變異負載(Variable Loading)......................19 3.5 實驗模擬及比較..................................20 3.6 結論............................................61 第四章 寬頻圓形天線陣列對抗方位誤判之強健式波束成型技術..62 4.1 方位誤判簡介........................................62 4.2 寬頻UCA雜訊子空間投影法.............................63 4.2.1 單一波束修正......................................63 4.2.2 多重波束修正......................................66 4.3 變異負載(Variable Loading)..........................68 4.4 實驗模擬及比較......................................69 4.5 結論.............................................106 第五章 結合移動信號源追縱和波束成型的強健式演算法.......107 5.1 系統概論和信號動態移動模型.......................107 5.2 共軛梯度法.......................................109 5.3 移動信號源波束成型器架構...........................112 5.3.1 結合共軛梯度法之雜訊子空間投影法.............112 5.3.2 可適性演算法.................................115 5.4 實驗模擬.........................................116 5.5 結論...............................................127 第六章 總結及未來方向...................................128 參考文獻................................................12

Influences of Water Absorption of Lightweight Aggregate on Interfacial Transition Zone of Silica Fume Lightweight Concrete

輕質骨材高吸水性會影響輕質混凝土(LWAC)內部界面過渡區微觀結構組成，為了改善界面過渡區特性及混凝土相關力學或耐久性質，常於混凝土中添加適量掺料（例如卜作嵐材料或纖維）。因此本研究考慮三種含水狀態外（w＝0%、35%、100%），並分別以矽灰取代10%水泥及添加1.2%鋼纖維（體積比）、0.8%碳纖維（體積比），以拌製LWAC，再進行各項基本性質試驗、握裹試驗及微觀結構檢測。其中，微觀試驗包含壓汞孔隙試驗、X光繞射試驗、微硬度試驗及電子顯微鏡觀測。 試驗結果顯示，以絕乾輕質骨材所拌製的LWAC，有最高的抗壓強度及界面握裹強度，尤其是矽灰LWAC其28天絕乾狀態者（D）比飽和狀態（S），握裹強度提升約50%，在抗壓強度方面則是提升約20%。因此當骨材的含水率越大時，LWAC的抗壓強度及界面握裹強度會越低。由微觀試驗發現，輕質骨材之含水率越小者，其界面區有越低的總孔隙量、繞射峰值及越高的硬度值，且其界面區寬度亦較小。 於相同骨材含水狀態下，添加10%的矽灰對LWAC界面過渡區微結構有正面之影響，且其助益較添加鋼纖維、碳纖維者為大。再者，於填充效應與二次水化反應作用下，其漿體與界面區較為平整緻密。然而，鋼纖維的完全不吸水特性，則會造成漿體或界面區的水分、孔隙量增加，因而有較高的CH晶體峰值及較明顯的界面區域；較多的微裂縫與孔隙導致較低的握裹強度。經由各試驗結果可知，輕質骨材的含水率越小，對其ITZ結構發展越理想。而添加適量矽灰後的確可以有效地改善混凝土晚齡期界面過渡區之結構，因而有較佳的力學強度。High absorption of lightweight aggregate affectsthe microstructure of Interfacial Transition Zone(ITZ). In order to improvethe character of Interfacial Transition Zone(ITZ) and the mechanical or durable property of concrete, it adds some proper admixtures (pozzolans or fibers)to concrete as usual. Therefore, the variables considered in this investigate include three water content of LWA (w＝0%, 35% and 100%) , silica fume replacing of 10% cement and steel fiber, carbon fiber respectively adding of 1.2%, 0.8% volumetric ratio. Standard specimens prepared with LWAC mixture were adopted for the basic property tests, bond strength test and the microstructure detections, such as MIP porosity test, X-ray diffraction detection, micro-hardness measurement and SEM observation. Test results show that the LWAC made with absolute-dry LWA (D) achieves the highest compressive strength and interface bond strength. In particular,LWAC of silica fume madewithabsolutely-dryLWA(D) would be better thansaturationLWA(S),thatwould be in bond strengthincreasing about50%. In the other hand, compressive strength would increase 20%.Increasing the water content of LWA will cause worse mechanical strengths. It is found from the micro-detection tests that the lower the water content of LWA is, the less the total pore volume and diffraction peak value in ITZ will be, accompanying with a higher micro-hardness value and a less ITZ width. Under the same water content of LWA, adding 10% silica fume is advantageous to the improvement of ITZ microstructure, and it has a better effect than that of adding steel fiber or carbon fiber. In addition, under the filling effect and the second hydration of silica fume, the paste and ITZ of LWAC get more flat and dense. Nevertheless, the zero water-absorption of steel fiber leads to more free water and pore volume in the paste and ITZ, a higher CH crystals peak value and more obvious ITZ zone. Based on the results of experiments, it can be concluded that decreasing the water content of LWA will cause an advantageous effect on the properties of ITZ. Furthermore, adding appropriate amount of silica fume indeed improves the late-age microstructure of ITZ, and the mechanical properties of LWAC are therefore enhanced.總目錄 中文摘要 i Abstract ii 誌謝 iv 總目錄 v 表目錄 vii 圖目錄 viii 照片目錄 x 第一章　緒論 1 1-1前言 1 1-2研究動機與目的 1 1-3研究方法 2 第二章　文獻回顧 4 2-1輕質骨材之種類及特性 4 2-2輕質混凝土之性質 5 2-3輕質混凝土界面過渡區之微觀結構與性質 6 2-3.1界面過渡區之形成 6 2-3.2界面過渡區之結構組成 7 2-3.3界面過渡區對輕質混凝土之影響 7 2-4界面過渡區之微觀試驗法 8 2-4.1微硬度試驗法(Micro-hardness Test) 8 2-4.2X光繞射試驗(X-ray diffractmeter，XRD) 9 2-4.3壓汞孔隙試驗(Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry，MIP) 9 2-4.4掃瞄式電子顯微鏡觀測(Scanning Electron Microscope)10 2-5 添加矽灰、鋼纖維、碳纖維對界面故渡區之影響 10 2-6 輕質骨材吸水性能及內部養護之特性 11 第三章　試驗規劃 19 3-1 試驗參數 19 3-2 試驗材料 20 3-3 配比 20 3-4 試驗儀器與設備 20 3-5 混凝土拌和與試體製作 21 3-6 試驗方法 22 3-6.1 坍度損失試驗 22 3-6.2 力學性質試驗 22 3-6.3 微觀性質試驗 22 第四章　試驗結果與討論 34 4-1 輕質骨材吸水率 34 4-2 輕質骨材混凝土新拌性質 34 4-3 輕質骨材混凝土力學性質 35 4-3.1 抗壓強度試驗 35 4-3.2 握裹強度試驗 36 4-4 輕質骨材混凝土微觀性質 37 4-4.1 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡觀測（SEM） 37 4-4.2 壓汞孔隙試驗（MIP） 38 4-4.3 X光繞射試驗（XRD） 39 4-4.4 微硬度試驗 40 4-5 綜合討論 41 第五章　結論與建議 72 5-1 結論 72 5-2 建議 73 參考文獻 74   表目錄 表2-1 輕質骨材種類與物理性質 16 表2-2CNS及ASTM對輕質骨材混凝土強度之規定 16 表2-3混凝土微觀常見組成 17 表3-1 各項試驗之齡期 25 表3-2 水泥化學成份及物理性質 26 表3-3 矽灰基本性質 27 表3-4 鋼纖維基本性質 27 表3-5 碳纖維基本性質 27 表3-6 輕質骨材基本性質 28 表3-7 細骨材基本性質 28 表3-8 各組配比及坍度 29 表4-1 輕質骨材吸水率試驗結果 59 表4-2 各組配比及坍度 59 表4-3 各系列抗壓強度 60 表4-4 各系列抗壓強度提升比 60 表4-5 各系列握裹強度 61 表4-6 各系列總孔隙量 61 表4-7 各系列總孔隙含量減少比 62   圖目錄 圖1-1 研究流程圖 3 圖2-1 常重混凝土與輕質骨材混凝土之混凝土破壞型式[21] 12 圖2-2 具良好膨脹性之成分三相圖 12 圖2-3輕質骨材混凝土抗壓強度與水泥砂漿、骨材強度間的關係13 圖2-4輕質骨材混凝土與常重混凝土之強度發展曲線[10] 13 圖2-5混凝土內部泌水現象 14 圖2-6界面過渡區微觀結構示意圖 14 圖2-7維氏微硬度儀示意圖 15 圖2-8界面過渡區微觀結構示意圖 15 圖3-1 握裹強度試驗示意圖 24 圖3-2 輕質骨材吸水歷時曲線(5天) 24 圖4-1 輕質骨材吸水歷時曲線 43 圖4-2 添加矽灰系列30分鐘坍損 43 圖4-3 添加鋼纖維系列30分鐘坍損 44 圖4-4 添加碳纖維系列30分鐘坍損 44 圖4-5 矽灰系列抗壓強度成長曲線 45 圖4-6 鋼纖維系列抗壓強度成長曲線 45 圖4-7 碳纖維系列抗壓強度成長曲線 46 圖4-8 SF系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(7天齡期) 47 圖4-9 SF系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(28天齡期) 48 圖4-10 SF系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(91天齡期) 49 圖4-11 ST系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(7天齡期) 50 圖4-12 ST系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(28天齡期) 51 圖4-13 ST系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(91天齡期) 52 圖4-14 CA系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(7天齡期) 53 圖4-15 CA系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(28天齡期) 54 圖4-16 CA系列漿體與過度區XRD分析(91天齡期) 55 圖4-17 SF系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(7天齡期) 56 圖4-18 SF系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(28天齡期) 56 圖4-19 SF系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(28天齡期) 56 圖4-20 ST系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(7天齡期) 57 圖4-21 ST系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(28天齡期) 57 圖4-22 ST系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(91天齡期) 57 圖4-23 CA系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(7天齡期) 58 圖4-24 CA系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(28天齡期) 58 圖4-25 CA系列界面過渡區之微硬度變化(91天齡期) 58   照片目錄 照片2-1 水泥水化物影像 18 照片2-2 添加碳纖維混凝土微裂縫橋接情形 18 照片3-1 強制式雙軸拌和機 30 照片3-2 200噸抗壓試驗機 30 照片3-3 混凝土切割機 31 照片3-4 研磨拋光機 31 照片3-5 微硬度試驗儀 32 照片3-6 掃描式電子顯微鏡 32 照片3-7 X光繞射儀 33 照片3-8 MIP壓汞測孔儀 33 照片4-1 SF-D-7倍率500 63 照片4-2 SF-35-7倍率500 63 照片4-3 SF-D-7倍率1500 63 照片4-4 SF-35-7倍率1500 63 照片4-5 SF-D-7倍率3000 63 照片4-6 SF-35-7倍率3000 63 照片4-7 SF-S-7倍率500 64 照片4-8 SF-D-28倍率500 64 照片4-9 SF-S-7倍率1500 64 照片4-10 SF-D-28倍率1500 64 照片4-11 SF-S-7倍率3000 64 照片4-12 SF-D-28倍率3000 64 照片4-13 SF-35-28倍率500 65 照片4-14 SF-S-28倍率500 65 照片4-15 SF-35-28倍率1500 65 照片4-16 SF-S-28倍率1500 65 照片4-17 SF-35-28倍率3000 65 照片4-18 SF-S-28倍率3000 65 照片4-19 ST-D-7倍率500 66 照片4-20 ST-35-7倍率500 66 照片4-21 ST-D-7倍率1500 66 照片4-22 ST-35-7倍率1500 66 照片4-23 ST-D-7倍率3000 66 照片4-24 ST-35-7倍率3000 66 照片4-25 ST-S-7倍率500 67 照片4-26 ST-D-28倍率500 67 照片4-27 ST-S-7倍率1500 67 照片4-28 ST-D-28倍率1500 67 照片4-29 ST-S-7倍率3000 67 照片4-30 ST-D-28倍率3000 67 照片4-31 ST-35-28倍率500 68 照片4-32 ST-S-28倍率500 68 照片4-33 ST-35-28倍率1500 68 照片4-34 ST-S-28倍率1500 68 照片4-35 ST-35-28倍率3000 68 照片4-36 ST-S-28倍率3000 68 照片4-37 CA-D-7倍率500 69 照片4-38 CA-35-7倍率500 69 照片4-39 CA-D-7倍率1500 69 照片4-40 CA-35-7倍率1500 69 照片4-41 CA-D-7倍率3000 69 照片4-42 CA-35-7倍率3000 69 照片4-43 CA-S-7倍率500 70 照片4-44 CA-D-28倍率500 70 照片4-45 CA-S-7倍率1500 70 照片4-46 CA-D-28倍率1500 70 照片4-47 CA-S-7倍率3000 70 照片4-48 CA-D-28倍率3000 70 照片4-49 CA-35-28倍率500 71 照片4-50 CA-S-28倍率500 71 照片4-51 CA-35-28倍率1500 71 照片4-52 CA-S-28倍率1500 71 照片4-53 CA-35-28倍率3000 71 照片4-54 CA-S-28倍率3000 7

The Music of Poetry: Musical Forms in T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets.

國立政治大學英國語文學系碩士班碩士論文摘要論文名稱： 詩中音樂: 艾略特《四首四重奏》中的音樂形式指導教授： 楊麗敏研究生：蔡文傑論文提要內容：許多批評家曾試著從各種角度解釋《四首四重奏》這個標題。 因為正如艾略特所宣示的，《四重奏》這個字(詞)是了解這部作品的正確途徑。 本文則試著從音樂的角度切入這部作品。 因為貝多芬的音樂在艾略特一生佔有舉足輕重的影響。艾略特也曾在多處提及深受貝多芬的A小調弦樂四重奏感動。另一方面，詩與音樂更是艾略特長久一來的關注重點。他相信，詩與音樂能達到某種程度的交流與可能性。正如他在《詩的音樂》一文中所宣示的。他認為詩與音樂的可能性主要包括在三方面。分別為韻律與結構，主題的重複，以及主題材料的對位式安排。因此，本文主要從音樂性的結構（音樂曲式），主題的發展、佈局來分析這部作品。在結構方面正如艾略特所透露的，《四首四重奏》與貝多芬的弦樂四重奏在架構上有相似之處。在本文的分析裡，發現每一首四重奏的五個樂章分別是奏鳴曲式、二部曲式、三部曲式、進行曲式和迴旋曲式。主題方面，每首《四重奏》如貝多芬的弦樂四重奏一樣主要處理了對立主題的不斷發展、變化到解決。另外，如貝多芬的晚期四重奏裡的複音特性，《四首四重奏》裡也展現了多主題的同時進行。本文將分為四個章節討論，針對這三個層面分析。由主題的發展著手，找出主題之間的互動以及音樂性的架構。TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgement…………………………………………………………………iiiChinese Abstract……………………………………………………………………vEnglish Abstract……………………………………………………………………viIntroduction…………………………………………………………………………1Chapter1. "Burnt Norton"- The Still Point and the Turning World………………...192. "East Coker"- The Beginning and the End……………………………...343. "The Dry Salvages"- Time and the Timeless……………………………524. "Little Gidding"-Now and England…………….……………………….70Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………87Selected Bibliography……………………………………….……………………..93Chinese Reference…………………………………………..……………………100English AbstractCritics try to decipher the title Four Quartets from different criteria because the word 'quartet' is the right tack for understanding the work. This thesis tries to examine Four Quartets from a musical criterion since Beethoven's music plays an important role in T. S. Eliot's life. Besides, T. S. Eliot mentions that he is deeply touched by Beethoven's string quartet in A minor. Most important of all, music remains T. S. Eliot's main concern throughout his life. He believes that to some extent there are possibilities of transformation between music and poetry as he declares in his "The Music of Poetry." He thinks that the possibilities exist in three ways. They are the sense of rhythm and structure, the recurrent use of themes and the contrapuntal arrangement of subject matter. Therefore, this thesis applies musical structures to analyze the development of themes in Four Quartets.Structurally, Four Quartets and Beethoven's string quartet have similar structures or forms. In this thesis, it is found that the five movements of each quartet are in sonata form, (rounded) binary form, ternary form, march, and rondo form. Thematically, like Beethoven's string quartet, each quartet of Four Quartets mainly deals with the constant development, variation and reconciliation of contrasting themes. Besides, the characteristics of polyphony in Beethoven's late string quartets may be found in the juxtaposition of multiple themes in Four Quartets. This thesis is divided into four chapters. In each chapter, each quartet is analyzed from these three aspects. The thesis focuses on the development of themes in order to find out the interaction of themes and the musical structures in Four Quartets

超臨界流體萃取方法

一種超臨界流體萃取方法，係先將一樣品置入一第一容器中，並將超臨界流體注入其中，超臨界流體與樣品接觸後可由其中萃取出萃出物，接著超臨界流體連同萃出物經由一限流器注入含有衍生化試劑的第二容器中，再利用一固相微萃取裝置對第二容器中之萃出物以頂空方式進行採樣。此發明不僅可以降低有機溶劑的使用量和對環境的危害；同時更具有高靈敏度與高準確度，並可應用於生活中常接觸物質之微量分析

E-learning Supporting System for Medical Education Based on Digital Game

[[abstract]]本研究的目的在於建立一個以遊戲為基礎之醫學教育輔助系統，主要在結合數位學習與網路遊戲兩者的特性，將醫學教育的內容以遊戲的方式呈現。醫學資料的內容是由教科書及網路上所蒐集整理的醫學資料經過分類，再依照課程所訂定的學習目標整理出所需的內容資料，最後將所整理的醫學內容轉化為網路遊戲所使用劇本，依遊戲的架構設定不同的遊戲任務。本研究利用遊戲場景去模擬一個虛擬的環境，透過角色扮演的方式讓使用者在預設的環境中進行探索。 在遊戲平台部分，本研究採用Synthetic Reality公司的Well of Souls軟體做為遊戲的建構平台，Well of Souls是一個共享軟體而且硬體需求低，所設計的遊戲同時具備網路遊戲及單機遊戲兩者的特性。本研究採用Well of Souls作為醫學內容導入遊戲環境的平台。 The main purpose of this study was to develop a game-based e-learning supporting system for medical education on a special topic of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The learning contents including epidemiology, the virus pathogenic, symptoms and sequelae, circulation way, virus construction and the course of duplicating in host's cell were presented by means of integrating the characteristics of e-learning and on-line games. Medical knowledge from textbooks and Internet was collected and categorized in accordance with the learning objects of traditional biology curricula. Finally the organized knowledge was transformed to create the scenario scripts for designing game missions. The game editing software was ”Well of Souls”, a shareware with low level hardware requirement from Synthetic Reality Corporation. This software engine can compose the game world not only suitable for solo but also for online multiplayer. In this study, a pre-arranged virtual environment was created for users to role-play and explore all the learning contents while playing the game