Strategical Consideration for the Application of Forestry Resources in Fujian

福建在发展中同样面临着能源、“三农”和环境的困扰,更因缺油少煤及矿产资源不丰和丘陵山地过多而倍感艰难。但在生物时代本省丰富的林业产品成了价值颇高的可再生资源,可提供制作生物柴油的原料和用于造气,其市场广阔。因而只要调整思路,扬长避短,就能战胜上述困扰,把海峡西岸经济区建设得更好。Fujian has also encountered some troubles such as energy issurse,agriculture,countryside and farmer problem,and environment pollution during developmental process,these troubles have become stronger when there is not enough fossil fuel and too much hilly land.But in biological era,the abundant forestry products in Fujian show much more potential value,for their regeneration features.They can produce biodiesel and biogas.So,if we turn these renewable resources to advantage,then we will achieve the jump-over development in West-strait area.“生物柴油的固碱催化合成法”和“水基防锈金属切削液的研制”课题得到固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室的资

控制大气污染用的蜂窝陶瓷材料

本文介绍了用作大气污染控制和化工反应中蜂窝陶瓷材料的各种具体要求和所取得的显著进展。多孔蜂窝陶瓷的几何表面大、压力降小、扩散距离短、反应器体积小，是优良的催化剂载体，已广泛用于汽车废气排放处理、烟道气去除ＮＯ＿ｘ的催化还原过程和燃气轮机等的催化助热燃烧，以及其他化学反应工程，在这些领域发挥了独特的作用

ThO_2-REO_(1.5)复合氧化物体系的甲烷催化燃烧性能

THO2┐rEO1.5复合氧化物体系的甲烷催化燃烧性能陈笃慧杨乐夫蔡俊修（厦门大学化学系固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室361005）有效利用现有的能源资源，并对周围环境进行妥善的保护是当前的重大课题，因而发电厂及其他工业过程中的高效、低污染的催化燃烧...福建省自然科学基

Improvement on Pd-Pb/CaCO_3 catalyst for selective hydrogenation of acetylenic linkage in hydrocarbons

利用XRD和SEM研究了EDTA、草酸等助剂对沉淀CaCO3显微结构的影响,结果表明,CaCO3晶型及形貌随助剂不同而变化,甚至同一助剂不同添加量亦会导致其晶相的显著差异。XRD分析表明,在草酸存在下,沉积物为单一的方解石相,该晶型的CaCO3对Pd Pb/CaCO3催化剂呈现明显的模板效应。不同还原方法的尝试说明,水合肼是一种好的还原剂。TEM研究表明,在适宜条件下对催化剂老化处理,表面金属钯颗粒发生聚并,并且由此带来部分氢化选择性的较大提高。Influences of additives (PVA, oxalic acid, EDTA, ZnCl_2) on microstructure of precipitated calcium carbonate (CaCO_3) were investigated using SEM and XRD. The results indicated that crystal form and shape of CaCO_3 vary with both type and quantity of the additives. XRD results showed that the deposit crystallized in calcite in the presence of oxalic acid,which exhibited distinct template effect in Pd-Pb/CaCO_3 system. The test results of different reduction methods showed that hydrazine hydrate was a good reducing agent. TEM images showed that palladium particles on the catalyst surface agglomerated after appropriate aging treatment and thus improved partial hydrogenation selectivity of the catalyst

Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Hydrocinnamaldehyde

采用煤质活性炭作载体,分别用HNO3、H2O2和(NH4)2S2O8进行预处理,然后用浸渍法负载PdCl2,在H2流中还原得到Pd/C催化剂,用于肉桂醛(CAL)选择加氢制氢化肉桂醛(HCAL)的反应。考查了Pd负载量,反应温度和压力对加氢反应的影响,优化了反应条件。进一步考查了助剂Fe、Co、Ni[1]对反应的影响。最终,CAL转化率为98%,HCAL选择性为88%。Coal-based activated carbon was pretreated with HNO_3,H_2O_2 and(NH_4)_2S_2O_8 before selected as support.A series of Pd/C catalysts were prepared by means of impregnation and with PdCl_2 as precursor.It was reduced in H_2 stream,and applied to selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to hydrocinnamaldehyde.Effects of Pd-loading,reaction temperature and pressure were discussed.In addition,promoters of Fe,Co,Ni were introduced to the catalysts.At last proper conditions for the reaction were found,and 88% selectivity to HCAL at 98% conversion of CAL was obtained.国家自然科学基金(No.20203014

Studies of the Mg-Al and Cation-Incorporated Hydrotalcites

研究了掺杂阳离子水滑石的制备及阳离子对水滑石性质的影响.分别制备了掺杂Zn2+、Ni2+、Fe3+型的水滑石,考察了掺杂阳离子对水滑石晶相结构、层间距、层间阴离子含量、水滑石表面形态、水滑石碱性的影响,结果表明,由于阳离子的引入,导致水滑石层间距减小及层间阴离子结合量降低,且使水滑石培烧产物电负性提高,并最终降低其碱性.以上述水滑石培烧产物作为固体碱催化剂促进苯甲醛和丙醛缩合,合成α-甲基肉桂醛,关联了水滑石培烧产物碱性与反应活性的关系.Mg-Al and cation-incorporated(containing Zn2+?Ni2+?Fe3+) hydrotalcites were synthesized and characterized. A detailed comparative analysis of structure and composition was made. Different cations influenced strongly textural parameters of hydrotalcites and the basicity of the obtained Mg-Al oxides after calcinations. With the cation incorporation, the distance of the brucite and the mount of CO2-3 as the compensating anion changed. Meanwhile the CO2-TPD was used to determine the basicity of the samples. The results showed that the basicity of the calcined hydrotalcites reduced. Finally, the activated hydrotalcite catalysts may efficiently replace homogeneous catalysts in Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of the benzaldehyde and propanal. And it was noteworthy that the calcined cation-type(containing Zn2+?Fe3+) hydrotalcites as catalysts did not show significant activity, in agreement with their low basicity.国家自然科学基金(20203014)资助项

Studies of the Mg-Al and cation-incorporated hydrotalcites

Mg-Al and cation-incorporated(containing Zn2+Ni2+Fe3+) hydrotalcites were synthesized and characterized. A detailed comparative analysis of structure and composition was made. Different cations influenced strongly textural parameters of hydrotalcites and the basicity of the obtained Mg-Al oxides after calcinations. With the cation incorporation, the distance of the brucite and the mount of CO32- as the compensating anion changed. Meanwhile the CO2-TPD was used to determine the basicity of the samples. The results showed that the basicity of the calcined hydrotalcites reduced. Finally, the activated hydrotalcite catalysts may efficiently replace homogeneous catalysts in Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of the benzaldehyde and propanal. And it was noteworthy that the calcined cation-type (containing Zn2+, Fe3+) hydrotalcites as catalysts did not show significant activity, in agreement with their low basicity

UTILIZATION of C_4 FRACTION IN FINE CHEMICALS

异丁烯的需求量始终在增长,它不但可用于制汽油和润滑油的添加剂,而且还可用作其它精细化工产品的原料。由异丁烯与苯酚或甲酚制成的抗氧剂是塑料和其它化工产品的重要助剂;由异丁烯二聚物与苯酚合成的辛基酚是制造橡胶工业的硫化促进剂所必需的原料。因此,通过异丁烷脱氢扩大异丁烯的来源是必要的。The demand isobutene is still increasing, it can be used not only in producing additive of gasoline and lubricant, but also as raw material For other speciality chemicals.The antioxidants which mainly come From isobutene and phenol or cresols are essential assistants For plastics and other chemical products.The octylphenoi synthesized From dimer of isobutene and phenol is indispensable to the vulcanizing agents in rubber industry.ThereFore, it is necessary to extend the resource of isobutene by dehydrogenation of butanes

IN SITU RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC RESEARCH of Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 SOLID SOLUTION

控制合成条件以湿化学法制备了CEzrO（n（CE）/n（zr）＝1）固溶体.Xrd结果证实催化剂前体经923k焙烧后可获得立方相CE0.5zr0.5O2固溶体.TEM观察到固溶体颗粒大小均一（d＝11nM）、分散，呈纤毛状.在氧化和还原气氛条件下分别对固溶体进行了原位拉曼光谱研究.结果表明，除450~470CM-1处出现面心立方晶格f2g拉曼活性模式对应的强拉曼谱峰外，290~320CM-1，570~620CM-1，770~790CM-1和1160~1190CM-1处分别出现弱峰或弱肩峰，各谱峰随样品处理条件改变而有不同的变化情况；固溶体的晶体结构会因氧化还原气氛以及温度等外界条件的不同发生畸变，但基本上保持为萤石构型.Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 solid solution was prepared by wet chemical preparation method under controlled conditions.The crystal structure of the solid solution after calcination at 923 K is face centered cubic (fluorite type) verified by XRD.The solid grain is super micro powder of fiber like.Diameter of the solid solution particle is 11 nm. In situ Raman spectra of the catalyst at 323～923 K in oxygen or hydrogen atmosphere give the strong Raman peaks at 450～470 cm -1 owing to the F 2g Raman active mode characteristic of fluorite structure.The weak Raman peaks at 290～320 cm -1 , 570～620 cm -1 , 770～790 cm -1 and 1160～1190 cm -1 are also given.The Raman peaks have different changes according to the alteration of environmental conditions, such as redox atmosphere and temperature.The Raman peaks reveal that the crystal structure is deformed in the lattice by changing the external conditions, but at the same time the fluorite structure keeps unchanged.福建省自然科学基

Cellular Supports For Automobile Exhaust Gas Catalysts System

挤压成型的堇青石质蜂窝反应器是常用的汽车尾气净化装置，它的热稳定性好，耐久性高，而薄壁形的耐久性和催化活性又有所改进。采用适当溶剂、控制多组分醇类金属化合物水解的溶胶-凝胶法是制备优质堇青石和Al＿2O＿3基高温大比表面材料的新技术，在汽车尾气净化器的制作中将发挥独特的作用。金属载体牢固、传热性好。适当选择蜂窝的孔密度或构型，可得到起燃性好的催化转化器，这对克服汽车冷启动或热启动时过多的有害气体的排放有好处。Extruded cordierite monolithic substrates are widely used as automotive catalyticconverters.They have high thermal shock resistanceand durability. The thrust in the ceramics area hascentered on thin-wall structure to meet the higherconversion eFFiciency and durability requirements ofthe converter systems, The Fundamental expansionincompatibility between cordierite ceramic andalumina washcoat must be managed properly. Thecomplexing agentassisted sol-gel method is intendedto regulate the hydrolysis and dehydration- condensation-polymerization of metal ion orcomplexes with polyFunctional organic compounds.Itis used to synthesize cordierite with betterthermostable property. For the metallic substrate,the changes in cell density and the conFigurationgreatly aFFected the light-ofF perFormance,whichwas improved as the thermal inertia was reduced,i.e.as the cell density was lowered.This advantageminimised the time taken For the catalysts to attaintheir working temperature and thereby achievedsigniFicant reductions in toxic emissions.PerFormance advantages of the Horringbone(HB)unlts should allow prominent downsizing to make itscosts very competitive.国家自然科学基