STUDIES ON AVAILABLE CALORIC CONTENT of DETRITUS DURING THE DECOMPOSITION of MANGROVE KANDELIA CANDEL LEAF LITTER

测定了福建红树植物秋茄（kAndElIACAndEl（l.）druCE）各季节落叶分解碎屑中水解有效能（HAC）、无丹宁水解有效能（TfHAC）和化学有效能（CAC）的绝对含量和相对含量。测定结果表明：落叶中有效能的绝对含量和它占总能量的百分含量的季均值是：HAC4.06kJ/gdW，20.85%；TfHAC3.32kJ/gdW，16.68%。在半分解（失重率为50%）的碎屑中它们降为HAC1.75kJ/gdW，9.25%；TfHAC1.64kJ/gdW，8.20%。HAC与TfHAC之间的差异随着落叶的分解而减小。碎屑中CAC的含量在分解过程中趋于提高，而且数值总是大于HAC和TfHAC，表明碎屑中有些蛋白和脂肪的能量因难被稀酸水解，对食碎屑动物而言是无效的。HAC的热值在初始干重损失百分率小于23%的碎屑中波动于16.16~17.41kJ/gAfdW（去灰分干重），在进一步分解的碎屑中迅速提高，最大值（24.05kJ/gAfdW）出现在初始干重损失百分率为49.44%的碎屑中。与其它海洋植物的碎屑相比，红树植物落叶分解碎屑中有效能含量低，有效能热值居中。最后讨论了HAC、TfH？The absolute and relative contents of hydrolysis available calories (HAC),tannin Free HAC (TFHAC) and chemical available calories (CAC) of the detritus during the seasonal decomposition of mangrove (Kandelia candel (L.) Druce) leaF litter in Fujian,China was determined.DeFined arbitrarily as the portion of total caloric content in detritus hydrolized with 1 mol/L HCl For 6 h at 20 ℃,HAC is presumed to be a rough index of potential energy readily utilized by marine detritivores.TFHAC is the remaining calories of HAC devoid of tannin attributed calories and CAC is deFined as the total caloric content derived From raw protein,raw Fat and soluble sugar.The results showed that in leaF litter, the seasonal mean caloric contents were 4.06 kJ/g DW or 20.85% of the total caloric content For HAC and 3.23 kJ/g DW or 16.68% of the total caloric content For TFHAC,which decreased to 1.75 kJ/g DW or 9.25% For HAC,and l.64 kJ/g DW or 8.20% For TFHAC in the detritus at halF liFe of decomposition.The diFFerence in contents between HAC and TFHAC diminished as decomposition was progressed.The contents of CAC generally increased during decomposition,always higher than those of HAC and TFHAC,suggesting that some protein and Fat in detritus are nonavailable to detritivores since they are hydrolyzed by week acid.The value of detritus HAC per unit ash Free dry weight (AFDW),as determined at the time when the detritus lost 23% of its initial weight,ranged From 16.16 to 17 41 kJ/g AFDW and increased rapidly to a maximum of 24.00 kJ/ g AFDW at 49% dry weight loss of detritus during decomposition.The detritus derived From mangrove Fallen leaves had a low available caloric content and an moderate caloric value of HAC as compared with detritus of other marine plants.Finally,the relationship between HAC,TFHAC and CAC was discussed and some points of attention relevant to the application of those indices were given in relation国家自然科学基

STUDIES ON DETRITUS ENERGY DURING THE DECOM POSITION of KANDELIA CANDEL LEAF LITTER

测定了红树植物秋茄（kAndElIACAndEl（l.）druCE）落叶在不同季节分解过程中碎屑的热值和富能有机化合物的变化。结果表明，季节间落叶的热值差别不大，平均为19.63kJ/g干重或21.55kJ/g去灰分干重。各季节的落叶在其分解后的碎屑的热值均明显提高，且夏秋季快于冬春季，但它们与分解程度有相应的相关关系：分解初期上升，后期稍降，最大值出现在半分解期（失重50%）附近。碎屑的最大热值平均比落叶的热值提高17.67%（干重热值）或14.35%（失灰分干重热值）。分解中总能量的耗散稍慢于干物质的损失。随分解的进行，碎屑中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维的能量增大，而无氮浸出物的能量减少。Changes of caloric values and energy rich organic compounds were studied in the detritus derived From mangrove Kandelia candel (L.) Druce leaF litter during the various in situ seasonal decomposition in Jiulong River Estuary, Fujian, China.The results showed that the caloric values varied little among the seasonal Fallen leaves being a mean of 19 63 kJ/g dry wt or 21 55 kJ/g AF dry wt, the caloric values of detritus increased remarkably aFter decomposition but they more rapidly in summer and autumn than in winter and spring.The change was well in agreement with the degree of decomposition, being increased in the early decomposition period and slightly decreased in the later, with a peak at about the halF time of decomposition (50% weight loss).The maximum was averagely 17 67% of dry weight and 14 35% of ash Free dry weight basis over the initial values.The dissipation of total energy was somewhat slower than the loss of dry matter.As decomposition proceeds the energy of detritus was more and more contributed by raw protein, raw Fat, raw Fibers rather than by N Free extract.ThereFore it is suggested that detritus at halF time of decomposition should be more important to marine detritivores From the viewpoint of energy supplement.国家自然科学基

香港巨牡蛎对不同密度2种浮游植物的摄食研究

【目的】探索大规模贝类养殖活动对养殖水体中不同密度和种类浮游植物的摄食差异和影响因素,为香港巨牡蛎滤食能力、控藻水平以及科学评估其养殖容量、生态影响的研究提供依据。【方法】在室内条件下研究大、中、小3种不同规格的香港巨牡蛎对不同密度的牟氏角毛藻、球等鞭金藻的清滤率和摄食率。【结果】在28℃水温和24‰盐度的实验条件下,香港巨牡蛎对牟氏角毛藻的单位个体清滤率和单位体重清滤率分别为1.29～5.49L·ind-1·h-1和0.62～1.84L·g-1·h-1,对球等鞭金藻的单位个体清滤率和单位体重清滤率分别为2.58～8.40L·ind-1·h-1和1.18～3.17L·g-1·h-1,香港巨牡蛎对牟氏角毛藻的清滤率及摄食率均低于球等鞭金藻。香港巨牡蛎单位个体清滤率和摄食率均表现出大规格>中规格>小规格的趋势,即单位个体的清滤率和摄食率随着贝类个体增大而增加。香港巨牡蛎对不同密度球等鞭金藻的单位体重清滤率和摄食率都随着个体增大而降低,但其对不同密度牟氏角毛藻的单位体重清滤率和摄食率随着个体大小的变化规律不一致。随着浮游植物密度的增加,香港巨牡蛎单位体重清滤率呈现出先升后降的趋势,在中等密度条件下香港巨牡蛎具有较高的单位体重清滤率。【结论】香港巨牡蛎的清滤率和摄食率除受牡蛎个体大小和浮游植物密度影响之外,还与浮游植物的种类、大小、营养质量等因子密切相关。国家自然科学基金项目(41466001);;广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科AA17129001,桂科AD17129041);;广西自然科学基金项目(2015GXNSFBA139194,2015GXNSFAA139244);;广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室开放基金项目(GKLMC-200504)资

香港巨牡蛎对3种微藻的选择性摄食研究

从微藻粒径大小、饵料密度以及营养价值角度,选取牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)分别作为硅藻、绿藻和金藻的代表,开展了不同规格的香港巨牡蛎对3种微藻在同等密度、同等生物量混合条件下的摄食选择性研究。结果显示,香港巨牡蛎在两种不同混合藻条件下对3种不同微藻摄食选择性有显著性差异(P<0.01)。3种藻相同密度混合条件下,大、中、小3种规格香港巨牡蛎更倾向摄食粒径较大的亚心形扁藻,且贝类规格越大选择倾向性越低,摄食选择效率分别为0.32、0.35、0.48,对球等鞭金藻无明显选择性。3种藻等生物量混合条件下,香港巨牡蛎对亚心形扁藻和球等鞭金藻的摄食有选择性,且规格大小对选择效率影响显著(P<0.01),个体越小选择性越强,小规格香港巨牡蛎倾向滤食亚心形扁藻(P<0.01),大、中规格更倾向摄食粒径较小的球等鞭金藻。两种混合条件下,香港巨牡蛎都对牟氏角毛藻都有负的选择效率,而且牟氏角毛藻密度越高负值绝对值越大。微藻的细胞大小、形状、营养价值以及香港巨牡蛎的个体大小都对摄食选择性有着明显的影响,香港巨牡蛎的摄食选择性在现场海区中还明显受到生境及食物条件的限制。国家自然科学基金项目(41466001);;广西科技计划项目(桂科A A17129001,桂科A D17129041);;广西自然科学基金项目(2015GXNSFBA139194,2015GXNSFAA139244);;广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室开放基金项目(GKLMC-200504

Species diversity in mangrove wetlands of China and its causation analyses

作者简介: 何斌源( 1969 ~ ), 男, 广西东兴市人, 博士生, 主要从事海洋生态学研究. E-mail: [email protected] * 通讯作者Corresponding author. E-mai:l [email protected][中文文摘]目前中国红树林湿地共记录了2854种生物,包括真菌136种、放线菌13种、细菌7种、小型藻类441种、大型藻类55种、维管束植物37种、浮游动物109种、底栖动物873种、游泳动物258种、昆虫434种、蜘蛛31种、两栖类13种、爬行类39种、鸟类421种和兽类28种。这些动物中有8种国家一级保护动物,75种二级保护动物。中国红树林湿地是中国濒危生物保存和发展的重要基地,并在跨国鸟类保护中起着重要作用。中国红树林湿地单位面积的物种丰度是海洋平均水平的1766倍。从初级生产物质基础、食物关系多样性、宏观尺度和微观尺度的空间异质性、生境利用的时序性等方面分析了中国红树林湿地物种多样性极其丰富的原因。 [英文文摘]To date,total of 2854 species of organisms were recorded in Chinese mangrove wetlands,including 136 species of fungi,13 species of actinobacteria,7 species of bacteria,441 species of microalgae,55 species of macroalgae,37 species of vascular plants,109 species of zooplankton,873 species of macrobenthos,258 species of nektons,434 species of insects,31 species of spiders,13 species of amphibians,39 species of reptiles,421 species of birds and 28 species of mammals.Among them,8 species belonged to the category 1 of Chinese national protected animals and 75 species belonged to the category 2.Chinese mangrove wetlands are very important bases for the conservation and development of the endangered species to China,and playing a critical role in the international activities for protecting the migrating birds.The species abundance in Chinese mangrove wetlands was 1766 times as much as that for the averaged species abundance in Chinese sea fields.The prolific species diversity in Chinese mangrove wetlands can be attributed to their high primary productivity,high diversity in their consumers’ food preferences,high spatial heterogeneity at macroscopical and microscopic scale levels,and their dynamic temporal sequence in habitat utilization.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40676050);联合国环境规划署(UNEP)全球环境基金(GEF)资助项目;广西科学基金资助项目(0640014

Studies on dynamics of matter and energy during the decomposition of mangrove,Kandelia candel,litterfall in Jiulong jiang river estuary,Fujian

本文于1986年冬-1989年秋的三年中进行了福建九龙江口秋茄红树林落 叶分解季节动态研究，于1989年10月～1990年11月进行了枝条分解研究，结果 表明： 落叶分解的平均半分解期分别是支季20d、秋季25d、春季46d和冬季71d， 分解速率是夏＞秋＞春＞冬，分解速率随林地滩面表上温的提高而增大。高 的分解速率和季节间最明显的分解速率差异都出现于分解初期，引起这一特征的 主要原因是淋溶作用。高的潮浸频度和表上含水量有利于分解作用，所以落叶在 各滩面分解的速率是：中潮带＞高潮带。虻类幼虫和蟹类等一些无脊椎动物在网 袋中的出现，表明动物的活动在落叶分解中起重要作用。 枝条分...The presen paper deals with the seasonal decomposition of Kandelia candel fallen leaves from winter 1986 to autumn 1989, and the decomposition of twigs from October 1989 to December 1990 in Jiulongjiang River Estuary, Fujian. The main results were as follows: The average half--time of leaf decomposition was 20d in summer, 25d in spring, 46d in autumn and 71d in winter with an order of inereas...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：MJ00003

POTENTIAL ROLE of LEACHING IN WEIGHT LOSS DURING THE DECOMPOSITION of MANGROVE KANDELIA CANDEL LEAF LITTER

于1986年冬—1989年秋在福建省九龙江口，连续3年分季节进行红树植物秋茄落叶在林地滩面的分解实验，并在室内测定其落叶和腐叶的可溶性物质含量，定量探讨淋溶在落叶分解失重中的潜在作用。结果表明，可溶性物质平均占落叶干重的27.26%，这些可溶性物质中的87%在分解初期的快速淋溶阶段迅速损失，可导致落叶初始于重损失24%。快速淋溶阶段持续时间平均分别是，春季36d夏季，13d秋季，17d；冬季，56d：大约相当于5/7的落叶半分解时间。淋溶速率随温度的上升而显著提高.这些说明，淋溶不仅引起秋茄落叶在分解初期失重快，而且也引起季节间分解速率的差异，即在分解初期季节间差异大，后期差异小。The 1986-1989 seasonal in situ decomposition of mangrove, Kandelia candel(L.) druce, leaF litter in Jiulongjiang River Estuary, Fujian, was observed.The content of soluble matter in Freshly Fallen and decayed leaves was measured.In orderto quantitatively evaluate the potential role of leaching in the process of weightlossduring decomposition of leaF litter.The results showed that there was a mean of 27.26 % DW of soluble matter inthe Freshly Fallen leaves, which was rapidly leached out during the early stage ofdecomposition.The process of leaching could be divided into three stages: Fast stage, relatively stable stage and extensive stage.In the Fast leaching stage, about 87 %of original soluble matter was lost, giving rise to a loss of 24 % of the initial leaFdry weight.The duration of the Fast leaching stage, which considerably decreaseswith increasing water temperature, was average of 36d in spring, 13d in summer,17d in autumn and 56d in winter, roughly equivalent to 5/7 of the halF-time ofleaF decolnposition.ThereFore, leaching was evidently responsible For both the rapidloss of leaF dry weight and the most signiFicant diFFerences between seasonal decomposition rates in the early decomposition stage.国家自然科学基金!487029

Some Thematic Issues for Mangrove Conservation in China

红树林正在成为中国海洋生态文明建设的重要组成部分.为了达到生态系统恢复目的,总结和评估了中国红树林保护、修复和利用中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对; 策.归纳出5种红树林原位养殖模式,其中地埋管道原位生态养殖系统应在高潮差海区的次生林和新造林中应用.为了便于编制工程规划与预算,对红树林保育工程; 的类型进行了划分;为了提升中国红树林生态系统健康,在红树植物种植、底栖生物增殖及可持续性方面提出了一般性技术原则.Mangrove is becoming an important part in the construction of marine; ecological civilization in China. Aiming to ecosystem restoration,the; thematic issues in conservation,restoration and utilization are reviewed; and evaluated for China mangroves,and corresponding strategies are; proposed.Five patterns of in situ mangrove farming are summed up,of; which the in situ underground tube ecofarming system should be applied; in secondary and newly planted mangroves growing in regions with high; tidal range to motivate public participation.To facilitate formation of; planning and budgeting,mangrove conservation engineering is classified; into categories. To strengthen the health of China mangrove ecosystems,; the general technical principles in planting, benthos recruitment and; sustainability are proposed.国家重点研发计划; 国家自然科学基金; 国家海洋公益性行业科研专项; 科技部科技基础性工作专项; 广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室系统课

Resorption Efficiencies of Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Leaves During Senescence for Two Growth Forms of Avicennia marina

对广西北海大冠沙两种生长型(矮型:成熟林树高<1.5 m;过渡型:成熟林树高1.5~2 m)的红树植物白骨壤(Av-icennia marina)成熟叶和衰老叶的N、P含量、N∶P比及内吸收率进行研究.结果表明:(1)两种生长型白骨壤成熟叶具有较高的N含量,分别为(20.45±1.10)mg/g和(22.25±1.12)mg/g;P含量分别为(1.42±0.03)mg/g和(1.31±0.03)mg/g;叶片衰老过程中,N、P含量明显下降;(2)叶片衰老过程中,N∶P有增加的趋势;两种生长型成熟叶的N∶P分别为14.41±0.85和16.97±0.86,显示两种生长型白骨壤均为N、P共同限制;(3)两种生长型白骨壤的N、P内吸收率在60%以上,内吸收率的高低与生长型没有明显关系.Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations,N∶P ratio and nutrient resorption efficiency of leaves during senescence for two growth forms(a dwarf form with tree height of below 1.5 m,and a transition form with tree height from 1.5 m to 2 m at maturity) of Avicennia marina were studied at Daguansha,Beihai,Guangxi.The results showed as follows:(1)Mature leaves had the relatively high N concentration,with(20.45±1.10) mg/g for dwarf form and(22.25±1.12) mg/g for transition form;P concentration of mature leaves was(1.42±0.03) mg/g for dwarf form and(1.31±0.03) mg/g for transition form,respectively;N and P concentrations decreased with leaf senescence.(2) N∶P ratio increased with leaf senescence,N∶P ratio of two growth forms was 14.41 ± 0.85 and 16.97 ± 0.86,respectively.(3) Resorption efficiency of N or P was above 60%,and there was no significant effect of growth form on resorption efficiency.国家自然科学基金(40376026);; 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-07-0725);; 国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J0630649)资

中国亚热带海草生理生态学研究

本书是中国在海草生理生态学方面的第一本专著．书中详细介绍了中国亚热带地区(广西、广东、福建、香港、台湾等地)的海草种类。分布及相关资源的现状与动态。全书共八章，分别介绍了中国亚热带海草床的资源分布与季节变化、生物量与生产力、光合特征、元素和氨基酸营养动态、热值、生态恢复与修复技术、海草生境管理等方面的最新研究成果，可为中国亚热带海草的保护与管理提供科学依据。</div