戴维营和平进程的结局分析

里根就任总统后，美国中东战略的重声、在于建立抗苏“战略一致”以对付苏联的攻势，而没有致力于推进戴维营和平进程；埃以关于巴勒斯坦自治问题谈判的失败，是戴维营和平进程终结的标志。此后，中东和平进程虽然还在发展，但已不再是戴维营和平进程的继续

清末民初的两次户口人口调查

清末民初的两次户口人口调查米红李树茁胡平王琼近现代人口研究是中国人口研究的重要组成部分，尤其是关于本世纪初中国人口状况的分析对研究当代人口具有重要的意义。然而，由于中国历史人口领域存在厚古薄今的现象，使得该时期的人口研究一直很薄弱。例如近年来出版的几..

缺氧条件下乙酰肝素酶抑制剂 PI-88 对人视网膜血管内皮细胞自噬的影响

【目的】探讨乙酰肝素酶（Hpa）竞争性抑制剂PI-88在缺氧条件下对人视网膜血管内皮细胞（HREC）自噬水平的影响。【方法】以HREC为研究对象，设置3组：正常组，缺氧组（CoCl2处理的缺氧组）和实验组（CoCl2+PI-88组）。观察免疫荧光染色检测自噬体特异性标记物LC3蛋白的表达；Westernblot检测自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅰ与LC3-Ⅱ的表达；通过GFP-LC3腺病毒转染HREC，直接观察活细胞中由GFP-LC3标记的自噬水平。【结果】缺氧状态下，HREC内自噬标记蛋白LC3表达水平上调，LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值升高（灰度值，与正常组比较，4.69±0.54比2.14±0.33，P=0.001<0.05），表明LC3-Ⅰ向LC3-Ⅱ转化明显增加。Hpa抑制剂PI-88可以抑制HREC的LC3表达，使LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值下降（灰度值，与缺氧组比较，3.51±0.20比4.69±0.54，P=0.027<0.05），表明LC3-Ⅰ向LC3-Ⅱ的转化水平下降，且活细胞内自噬体的形成减少。【结论】在缺氧状态下，抑制乙酰肝素酶可下调HREC中的自噬水平

Research on Emotional Conflict in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

目的 考察广泛焦虑障碍患者的情绪冲突效应及时间因素的影响。 方法 以17名广泛性焦虑障碍患者为被试,采用情绪启动范式,以积极词、一般消极词和焦虑相关词为启动刺激,积极和消极人脸为目标刺激,变换 3种不同的 SOA ( 100ms、0ms、 - 100ms) ,考察了不包含焦虑相关词的“一般情绪冲突效应”(即情绪一致性效应),以及包含焦虑相关词的“特殊情绪冲突效应”。 结果 在目标刺激为积极人脸的情况下, SOA为 100ms和 -100ms时,均发现了显著的“一般”和“特殊”情绪冲突效应;在目标刺激为消极人脸的情况下,“一般情绪冲突效应”在 3种 SOA条件下均没有出现,但“特殊情绪冲突效应”均出现了。结论 广泛焦虑障碍患者的情绪冲突效应与时间因素密切相关;在他们身上发现的“特殊情绪冲突效应”模式,可能反映了广泛焦虑障碍患者对焦虑相关刺激的敏感性和注意偏向

Studies on the cultivation of all-female in Mugil cephalus

研究了性腺未分化年幼鲻鱼 ,通过口服不同剂量的 17β -雌二醇控制其雌性化。研究结果表明 ,高剂量组被诱导为全雌鲻鱼 ,低剂量组雌性率达 90 % ,而对照组则为雄鱼。雌性性分化早于雄性。 17β -雌二醇在肌肉和胃肠道残留量低 ,残留时间短The paper was to investigate the control of sexual differentiation by oral administration of varying doses of 17β estradiol(E 2) in juvenile grey mullet, Mugil cephalus with sexual undifferentiation. The results indicated that the grey mullets in the high dosage group were induced to be all female, and 90% of the juvenile grey mullets in the low dosage group differentiated into female. The control group differentiated into all males. Sexual differentiation into females occured significantly earlier than in males. The residue level and residue time of 17β estradiol were low and short in the muscle and gut of grey mullets.福建省重中之重资助项目 (全雌鲻鱼培育的研究

Spreading area and shape regulate apoptosis and differentiation of osteoblasts

The in vivo observations have indicated that at the remodeling sites of bone, the spreading area or shape of preosteoblasts is confined by the mineralized matrix. But it remains unknown whether this spreading confinement regulates the differentiation or apoptosis of osteoblasts. In the present study, osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded on micropatterned islands with different area and shape. The expression of three osteogenic differentiation markers was measured by immunofluorescence staining and apoptotic cells were detected using a terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay kit. The membrane fluorescence staining results showed that the actual spreading area of micropatterned osteoblasts coincided with the designed value. When the area of a micropatterned cell was confined as 314 or 615 mu m(2), which was lower than that of freely spreading osteoblasts, the circular shape promoted the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers and the percentage of apoptotic osteoblasts compared with the branched shape. This shape-regulated differentiation and apoptosis of osteoblasts with confined spreading area were abolished when actin polymerization was inhibited by cytochalasin D. The present study gives an insight into the roles of spreading morphology on osteoblastic differentiation and apoptosis

Observing atomic layer electrodeposition on single nanocrystals surface by dark field spectroscopy

从单颗粒水平研究电化学表面和界面过程，特别是欠电位沉积是电化学领域的一个重要挑战。欠电位沉积通常仅涉及单原子层到亚单原子层的物种，但是能够显著调控金属表面电子结构，是制备高效电催化剂的一个重要的方法。然而目前在电化学环境下表征单个粒子表面单层原子的变化仍然是个巨大的挑战，针对上述挑战，任斌教授课题组发展了一套高灵敏的电化学暗场散射光谱装置，在不使用特殊光源的情况下，可以使得检测的粒径小至10-15 nm，灵敏度提高到亚单层原子。该工作是在任斌教授指导下，主要由化学化工学院已毕业博士生胡树（第一作者）完成。李剑锋教授及其课题组的博士生张月皎在单晶电化学实验上提供了重要帮助。已毕业博士生易骏在理论计算方面提供了有力支持。Underpotential deposition offers a predominant way to tailor the electronic structure of the catalytic surface at the atomic level, which is key to engineering materials with a high activity for (electro)catalysis. However, it remains challenging to precisely control and directly probe the underpotential deposition of a (sub)monolayer of atoms on nanoparticle surfaces. In this work, we in situ observe silver electrodeposited on gold nanocrystals surface from submonolayer to one monolayer by designing a highly sensitive electrochemical dark field scattering setup. The spectral variation is used to reconstruct the optical “cyclic voltammogram” of every single nanocrystal for understanding the underpotential deposition process on nanocrystals, which cannot be achieved by any other methods but are essential for creating novel nanomaterials.The authors thank Dr. Hai-Xin Lin for helpful discussion of nanoparticle synthesis and characterization. The authors acknowledge support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (21633005, 21790354, and 21711530704) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFA0200601).该研究工作得到了国家自然科学基金委和科技部等的资助和支持

Probing nanoscale spatial distribution of plasmonically excited hot carriers

表面等离激元（SP）效应可产生远高于热平衡下费米能级能量的热电子-空穴对（热载流子），从而能够引发和促进相关的光电或者化学过程，为在纳米尺度上高效利用光能实现物质和能量转化提供了极为有效的手段，化学化工学院任斌教授课题组利用前期自主发展的电化学针尖增强拉曼光谱技术，通过调控电位开关SP热载流子催化的反应，实现了有效热载流子催化反应区域的纳米分辨成像，使反应区域在实空间的分布可视化。实验上获得了有效热载流子的输运距离，从而证明了能量越高的热载流子越需要在更短的输运距离范围内收集捕获。 该工作在任斌教授和王翔副教授的共同指导下完成。实验主要由化学化工学院已毕业博士生黄声超完成。理论计算主要由电子科学与技术学院的朱锦峰副教授和已毕业硕士生李察微完成。此外，化学化工学院已毕业硕士生赵庆庆、博后何玉韩和胡树等人也参与了部分研究与课题讨论。【Abstract】Surface plasmons (SPs) of metals enable the tight focusing and strong absorption of light to realize an efficient utilization of photons at nanoscale. In particular, the SP-generated hot carriers have emerged as a promising way to efficiently drive photochemical and photoelectric processes under moderate conditions. In situ measuring of the transport process and spatial distribution of hot carriers in real space is crucial to efficiently capture the hot carriers.Here, we use electrochemical tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-TERS) to in situmonitor an SP-driven decarboxylation and resolve the spatial distribution of hot carriers with a nanometer spatial resolution. The transport distance of about 20 nm for the reactive hot carriers is obtained from the TERS imaging result. The hot carriers with a higher energy have a shorter transport distance. These conclusions can be guides for the design and arrangement of reactants and devices to efficiently make use of plasmonic hot carriers.The authors acknowledge the financial supports from MOST of China (2016YFA0200601), NSFC (21633005, 21790354, 21503181, 21711530704, U1830116), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2016J05046), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M622062) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720190010).本研究工作得到了国家自然科学基金委和科技部等的资助和支持

Fluid flow-induced calcium response in early or late differentiated osteoclasts

Intracellular calcium oscillation caused by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand has been demonstrated to promote the differentiation of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are recruited on the surface of trabeculae, and are exposed to fluid flow caused by the deformation of the bone matrix. However, the roles of fluid shear stress (FSS) on calcium response during the differentiation process of osteoclasts are still unknown. In the current study, the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive, multinucleated osteoclasts from RAW264.7 macrophage cells were induced by co-culturing them with the conditioned medium from MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. The in situ observations showed a high correlation between the area and the nuclear number of osteoclasts. The cells were stimulated by FSS at different levels (1 or 10 dyne/cm(2)) before (0 day) or after being induced for 4 or 8 days. The mechanically-induced calcium response was recorded and analyzed. The results indicated a different property of calcium oscillation for the osteoclasts in different fusion stages (i.e., more calcium-responsive peaks appeared in small osteoclasts than those in the larger ones). The rates of calcium influx decreased and the time of recovery in osteoclast cytosol increased along with the fusion of osteoclasts. In addition, increasing the FSS level enhanced the calcium oscillation of osteoclasts at early induction (4 days). However, this effect was weakened at the late induction (8 days). The present work could help provide understanding regarding the mechanism of the involvement of calcium in mechanically induced bone remodeling