Patterns of Resource Recycle Utilizing Sewage-soil-plant Systems: Ecological Engineering FLTS for Domestic Sewage

本文以厦门市狐尾山和仙岳山的原生生活污水林地生态处理系统（FLTS）为例，提出了“氧化塘+污水动力输送、管网投配+林地+再生水回收”的污水－土壤－植物资源再生范式，通过对该系统关键生态过程的研究，解决了FLTS生态工程运行技术参数。FLTS实验林地分为马尾松次生林和人工速生巨尾桉林，林地土壤属南亚热带丘陵台地典型的赤红壤性砂土，机械组成空间差异明显。不同林型比较，短期轮伐集约栽培（SRIC）下巨尾桉速生林平均年生物量积累明显优于次生马尾松林。N、P、K元素年累积量分别较马尾松林高出1.66～3.50倍、1.65～4.03倍和2.86～5.24倍。表明以人工速生林为主，结合FLTS技术将具有更高...As a pattern of resource recycle through the route of sewages-soil-plants, a forested land treatment system (FLTS) was constructed for treatment of domestic sewage at Huwei Mountain in Xiamen, Fujian, which was designed as four parts: lagoon; sewage pipeline transferring system; forested land; cannal collecting reclaimed water. Through studying the key ecological process, this paper focused on sol...学位：工学博士院系专业：海洋与环境学院环境科学研究中心_环境科学学号：B20013400

Effect of mixed application of growth regulators and fertilizers on the growth, cold-resistance and physiology of turfgrass Zoysia matrella in wintering period

为解决暖季型草坪草越冬期枯黄的问题,以沟叶结缕草为材料,利用l9(34)正交试验设计方法设计了植物生长调节剂、速效肥与有机肥3因子3水平正交混施试验。与清水对照相比,处理组沟叶结缕草叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、叶片游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均显著提高,且根系活性、叶片抗氧化酶系(SOd、POd、CAT)活性显著增加,叶片丙二醛含量则显著降低。处理组整体上提高了草坪草越冬期的生长及抗冷性能,显著改善了草坪草的冬季景观效果。因子间极差分析表明,主效因子随草坪草生长和抗性指标的不同而存在差异,表明混施时各因子在保持草坪草冬季良好生长、提高抗性生理功能上所起的作用具有互补性。综合各指标正交分析结果,提出了混施的最优配方,即每升混合液肥中含多效唑、三十烷醇、硫酸钾镁肥、尿素和壳聚糖300Mg、2Mg、1500Mg、1000Mg和1000Mg,按200Ml·M-2叶面喷施,花生饼按90g·M-2撒施。In addressing the problem of warm-season turfgrass withering during winter, the turfgrass species Zoysia matrella was treated with growth regulators, fast-released fertilizers and organic fertilizers in L9(34) orthogonal test.Compared with the control, leaf LAI, chlorophyll, free proline and soluble sugar of the treatments significantly improve.Also, the activities of root and of antioxidant enzymes of SOD, POD and CAT improve, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreases significantly.Hence the growth, cold-resistance ability and landscape quality of turfgrass during winter under the treatments are significantly enhanced.Range analysis indicates that the effective factors vary with different test indexes, implying that plant growth regulators and fertilizers are complementary in promoting growth and enhancing physiological functions of turfgrass in winter.For an improved integrated quality of Z.matrella turfgrass in winter, an optimum formula is proposed based on comprehensive analysis of the growth and cold-resistance stress indexes.The proposed optimum formula is: liquid fertilizer, containing paclobutrazol, triacontanol, sulphate-potassium magnesium, urea and chitosan at 300 mg·L-1, 2 mg·L-1, 1 500 mg·L-1, 1 000 mg·L-1 and 1 000 mg·L-1 respectively.This should be applied to the turfgrass by foliage spray at 200 mL·m-2, and then peanut cake broadcasted at 90 g·m-2.厦门市科技基金(2007-6)资

Advance of Raman Spectroscopy in the Plant Science

拉曼光谱技术具有快速、灵敏、非破坏性等显著特点,在植物科学研究领域得到广泛的应用。本文分析了拉曼光谱技术在植物科学研究领域应用的技术优势,并重点总结和分析了该技术在植物生理生态学、植物遗传发育、植物化学分类学、植物天然产物分析以及植物产品的质量控制中的应用研究进展及前景。Raman spectroscopy has been applied extensively in the science of plant analysis in the recent years due to its technique characteristic of quick,sensitive and non-destructive analysis.Researches and applications of Raman spectroscopy in the study field of plant science are reviewed,and it was focused on the progress and prospect of the analysis technique applied in the plant physiology and ecology,plant genetics and genomic studies,phytochemistry taxonomy,plant natural product analysis and the quality control of plant products.厦门大学科技创新项

Biomass and growth analysis of Paspalum wettsteinii community in South Fujian, China

禾本科多年生牧草宽叶雀稗适宜在福建南亚热带丘陵酸性赤红壤上生长,人工种植的宽叶雀稗群落鲜草产量峰值在8月份,为4050g·m-2,生物量峰值(干重)则出现在9月份,其中地上部1398.8 g·m-2、地下部770.8g·m-2。群落全年生长呈周期性变化,生物量波动符合Logistic曲线:y=1634.46/(1+e2.67976-1.3.369×10-2t)。根据9月份最高现存量估计,其年净第一性生产力为2169.6g·m-2·a-1。群落生长分4个阶段:缓慢增长(2～4月)、加速增长(5～6月)、减速增长(7～9月)、生长停滞和下降(10～12月)。降雨量是影响生物量的重要因素,二者呈显著线性正相关,相关系数为0.9783,回归方程为y=-74.3779+0.9480x。Paspalum wettsteinii Hackel, a kind of perennial herbages of Graminaea, was proved to get good adaptation to hilly crimson soil in the southern part of subtropical zone in Fujian Province. Its growth curve fluctuated periodically within a year. The biomass value of above-ground part of the community reached to its highest point, 1398. 8 g m-2 in August, 1994; the under-ground part 770. 8 g m-2 in September. Biomass of the community fluctuated in accordance with the logistic curve: y=1634. 46/ (1+e2.67976-1.30369x10-2t) . The highest value of the community's fresh weights measured monthly was 4050 g m-2 (Aug. 1994) . Estimated by Peak Standing Crop in Sept. 1994, the annual NPP of the community was 2169. 6 g m-2 a-1. Through a growth analysis, the above ground part biomass of the community changes with four stages: slow increasing (Feb. -Apr. ); acceleration increasing (May-June); deceleration increasing (July-Sept. ); stagnation and descent (Oct. - Dec. ). Of all the factors that affect the biomass value, the rainfall was an important one. Their regression equation was y= - 74. 3779+0. 9480x, and the relation coefficient (r) was 0. 9783

Eco-treatment Engineering of Sewage Forest Land in Xiamen

文章介绍了厦门市狐尾山原生生活污水林地生态处理工程依循“污水-土壤-植物”资源再生机制,提出了“截流井+氧化塘(调节池)+污水动力输送、管网投配+林地+城市景观林地”的基本模式

Features of Tree Canopy Rainfall Initial Distribution and Analysis of Its Main Driving Factors in Monsoon Climate

运用调查统计和偏冗余方法分析中国温带至亚热带季风气候下的针、阔叶林冠层降雨初次分配特征,并对该生态过程的影响因子进行分析。结果表明:季风气候下,林冠降雨初次分配总体呈现平均透雨率>截留率>茎流率的趋势;不同林型、气候带的林冠降雨初次分配差异明显,林冠降雨平均截留率呈现温带>亚热带、针叶林>阔叶林的趋势。不同林型间(针叶和阔叶林)主效驱动因子相似,均以森林结构类因子为主,气候类因子居次;不同气候带间主效驱动因子不同,温带为气候类因子,亚热带为森林结构类因子。说明,大尺度下总体呈现气候类因子、森林结构类因子>地理地形类因子。研究结果可为评估和合理干预森林生态水文过程提供参考。This paper applied investigation statistics and partial redundancy analysis to analyze the history data related rainfall partitioning from temperate zone to subtropical zone of China.It analysed the effect factors of the ecological course.Results obtained demonstrated that,in monsoon climate,canopy rainfall primary distribution showed that average saturating rain rate > intercept flow rate > stem flow rate.the canopy rainfall initial distribution such as interception loss presented a trend that temperate zone > subtropical zone; coniferous forests > broadleaf forests.And the dominated driving factors of coniferous and broadleaf forests were vegetation structures,meteorological conditions took the second place; different temperate and subtropical zones had different main driving factors,meteorological conditions for temperate zone and vegetation structures for subtropical zone respectively.It showed that meteorological conditions and vegetation structures > geographical and topographical characters.The above results could provide reference for evaluating and intervening reasonably the eco-hydrological process of forests.福建省重大专项(福建省重点流域水环境综合管理科技支撑项目

Effects of Soil Salinity on the Quality of Carrot

采用土壤盆栽试验,设置6个盐度水平(0、500、1000、1500、2000、2500 Mg/kg),研究胡萝卜种植过程中盐度对其叶绿素、维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质及硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,种植胡萝卜的土壤盐度控制在500 Mg/kg,可以提高胡萝卜的品质,减少盐分对土壤的损伤。具体表现为,500 Mg/kg盐度处理对胡萝卜叶绿素含量无显著影响,而高盐度使胡萝卜叶绿素总含量降低;500~1000 Mg/kg盐度可增加胡萝卜维生素C和可溶性蛋白质含量;可溶性总糖含量以500 Mg/kg处理的降低幅度最小,500~2000 Mg/kg处理使胡萝卜硝酸盐含量呈降低趋势,但高盐度(2500 Mg/kg)则会增加其硝酸盐含量。A soil pot experiment with different levels of saltnity(0,500,1500,2000,2500 mg/kg) were carried out to study the effects of salinity on the quality of carrot.The results showed that controlling certain salinity 500 mg/kg,could improve the quality of carrot.Because the salinity of 500 mg/kg had no effect on the chlorophyll content of carrot,and high salinity caused total chlorophyll content decreased,low salinity was conducive to the promotion of carrot synthesis of vitamin C and soluble protein,soluble sugar content of carrot was decreased by the increasing of salinity levels,Nitrate content in carrots increased at the high salinity(2500 mg/kg) treatment.厦门市科学技术局项目(3502Z20071098

The Physiological Response of Synsepalum dulcifcum Denill Leaves to NaCl Stress

为明确神秘果(Synsepalum dulcifcum Denill)的耐盐能力,研究其在NaCl胁迫下的适应机制并丰富果树的耐盐机理,通过盆栽试验法,以0、2‰、4‰、6‰、8‰NaCl溶液分别对幼苗进行胁迫处理,测定叶片叶绿素、渗透调节物质、抗氧化物酶、丙二醛含量及土壤实际盐度。结果表明:在NaCl胁迫下,神秘果叶片的叶绿素合成受到明显抑制;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性随浓度增加而显著升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则是先升后降,在4‰时达到最高;可溶性蛋白含量与处理浓度呈负相关;脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和对照相比有显著增加,推测脯氨酸和可溶性糖在胁迫过程中起着重要的渗透调节作用。To clear the tolerance and adaptive mechanism of S. dulcifcum and to rich the theory about the salt tolerance mechanism of fruit trees. The potted plants were watered with 0, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, 8‰ NaCl and the physiological characteristics including the changes about chlorophyll, soluble protein, soluble proline, soluble sugar,SOD, POD, CAT, MDA of NaCl stress in S. dulcifcum leaves were measured. The result showed that the chlorophyll synthesis was significantly restricted under NaCl stress. The activity of SOD or POD increased clearly with the NaCl concentration, and the CAT activity increased to a peak under 4‰ NaCl and then dropped. The content of soluble protein dropped under NaCl stress while that of proline, soluble sugar increased significantly. It was deduced that proline or soluble sugar working as osmotic potentials in cells played a key role in salt tolerance of S. dulcifcum.厦门市科技计划项目(No.3502Z20092023

Comparisons of tolerances to salt stress among three salt-secreting mangrove species

在盐度 0、5、15、2 5和 35 (% )下种植泌盐红树植物老鼠 (Acanthus ilicifolius)、桐花树 (Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)的繁殖体 ,以繁殖体萌发、幼苗生长、叶片泌盐量、叶片组织液盐含量和蒸腾蒸发量为指标 ,比较其对盐胁迫的耐受性。盐度提高对胎生种类桐花树和白骨壤的萌根速率无显著影响 ,但高盐度明显抑制非胎生种类老鼠的萌根。白骨壤的萌苗率不受盐度影响 ,但 2 5以上的盐度导致桐花树和老鼠的萌苗率下降。在盐度范围 5～ 35内 ,白骨壤幼苗的茎高生长随盐度的增加而减少 ,但减少量比桐花树小 ,而老鼠的减少量最大。老鼠因盐度提高而导致的叶片长度的减少量最大。在盐度提高的情况下 3种植物均具有泌盐量增加的效应 ,在任一盐度下泌盐能力的顺序均为白骨壤 >桐花树 >老鼠。淡水培养时 ,3种红树植物的叶片组织液盐含量 (约 2 % )均高于环境盐度 0。在盐度范围 5～ 35内 ,白骨壤的叶片组织液盐含量维持在较稳定的水平 (4 .3%～ 5 .0 % ) ,桐花树的变化范围为 2 .4 %～ 4 .5 % ,老鼠 2 .3%～ 5 .3%。淡水培养时 ,3种植物的蒸腾蒸发量类似 ,但盐性条件下白骨壤的蒸腾蒸发量显著高于桐花树和老鼠。随着盐度的增加 ,老鼠的蒸腾蒸发量下降最多。这些结果均表?Propagules of three salt-secreting mangrove species, Acanthus ilicifolius, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Avicennia marina, were germinated at salinities 0, 5, 15, 25 and 35. Their tolerance to salt stress was evaluated in terms of propagule germination, seedling growth, salt secretion from leaves and salt content in leaf tissue water, evaporation and transpiration. Root initiations of the two viviparous species, Aegiceras and Avicennia, were not significantly influenced by increased salinities but root initiations of the non-viviparous species (Acanthus) were significantly delayed at high salinities. Salinity also affected seedling establishment, the unfurling of the first pair of leaves, and the effects were species specific. The seedling establishment percentages in Avicennia were not significantly affected by salinities up to 35 while salinities over 25 significantly reduced the establishment of Aegiceras and Acanthus. Although increasing salinity seemed not to affect propagule germination and seedling establishment of Avicennia, its stem height decreased as salinities increased from 5 to 35. Nevertheless, the range of stem height decreases in Avicennia was less than that in Aegiceras, and Acanthus showed the largest reduction in height as salinities increased from 0 to 35. Acanthus also had the largest reduction in maximum leaf length due to high salinity. All of the three species secreted more salts as salinities increased but their salt secretion capacity differed, followed the descending order of Avicennia>Aegiceras>Acanthus at any given salinity. When seedlings were cultured in tap water, all three mangrove species had the salt concentrations in the leaf tissue water (about 2%) higher than the environmental salinity 0. Under saline conditions (salinities 5～35), salt concentrations in leaf tissue water of Avicennia were maintained at a steady level, around 4.3% to 5.0% with little changes. On the contrary, salt concentrations increased from 2.4% to 4.5% in Aegiceras and the corresponding increases in Acanthus were from 2.3% to 5.3%. The evaporation and transpiration rates of these three species were similar under the tap water condition (salinity 0); however, Avicennia had significantly higher rates than Acanthus and Aegiceras under saline conditions (salinities 5～35). The decline in evapo-transpiration rates was most significant in Acanthus. These parameters all indicated that salt tolerance among the three salt-secreting mangrove species was in the descending order of Avicennia>Aegiceras>Acanthus.国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 4 0 2 760 3 6;40 4760 40 ) ;; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目 ( D0 410 0 0 6) ;; 香港环境保护基金资助项目( 92 10 0 0 7)~

Effects of domestic sewage effluents on the growth and physiological characteristics of Catharanthus roseus

利用不同稀释倍数的生活污水(污水∶清水,V/V,分别为1∶0;1∶1;1∶2;0∶1)浇灌长春花结果表明,与清水灌溉相比,污灌处理土壤NH4+-N含量由59.01mg/kg提高到64.22~65.89mg/kg,NO3--N含量由2.69mg/kg提高到3.03~4.54mg/kg,速效磷含量由32.29mg/kg提高到37.40~42.41mg/kg;增加了土壤酶活性,其中土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶及蛋白酶活性分别比对照提高10.76%~23.32%、33.41%~103.69%和31.82%~131.82%;植物根系活性由170.25μg/g.h提高到177.88~471.69μg/g.h,叶绿素含量由1.78mg/dm2提高到2.68~2.98mg/dm2,植物干物质量由11.660g/盆提高到12.130~16.577g/盆。且以稀释1倍污水灌溉处理效果最佳。用原生生活污水直接灌溉虽降低污水肥效,造成土壤Cl-的积累,但对长春花生长及干物质积累无显著影响。Potted plants of Catharanthus roseus were selected for irrigation treatments with municipal domestic sewage effluents.The treatments were triplicately divided into four treatments according to effluents:tap water (V/V):Ⅰ,1∶0;Ⅱ,1∶1;Ⅲ,1∶2;control,0∶1.The results showed that compared with the control,sewage irrigation treatments increased the contents of soil NH~+_4-N from 59.01 mg/kg to 64.22～65.89 mg/kg,NO~-_3-N from 2.69mg/kg to 3.03～4.54mg/kg,available P from 32.29 mg/kg to 37.40～42.41 mg/kg.Meanwhile,sewage irrigation also enhanced the activities of soil enzymes such as catalase,urease and protease,with increases of 10.76%～23.32%,33.41%～103.69% and (31.82%～)131.82%,respectively;promoted root activities from 170.25μg/g·h to 177.88～471.69μg/g·h,increased chlorophyll contents from 1.78mg/dm~2 to 2.68～2.98mg/dm~2,and biomass from 11.660g/pot to 12.130～16.577g/pot.Of all of the treatments,treatment of effluents:tap water(V/V)1∶1 had the best effects on plant growth.Although irrigation with undiluted effluents didn't benefit for plants'utilization of nutrients from the irrigating effluents,it didn't exert significantly negative effects on the growth and biomass accumulation of C. roseus.厦门市环境保护局资助项