PCI术后患者抗血小板治疗方案的药物经济学评价

目的从医疗保险角度,对经皮冠脉支架置入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后3种抗血小板药物治疗方案进行经济学评价。方法 3种治疗方案为在使用阿司匹林基础上,经验性给予国产氯吡格雷,或经验性给予替格瑞洛,或根据CYP2C19基因型指导选择国产氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛,由此建立决策树模型并进行成本效果分析,预测该3种方案避免主要心血管事件的发生率以及成本,研究时间为1年。结果经验性给予国产氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗方案为成本最低方案,但直接给予替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林治疗方案的经济性最好。结论对于PCI术后的患者,最推荐直接采用替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林的治疗方案

原绿球藻病毒研究进展——从多样性到生物地球化学过程

原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus)是地球上体积最小、丰度最高的光合自养生物.作为贫营养海区及大洋的优势微生物类群,原绿球藻是海洋初级生产力的重要组成部分和碳循环的重要贡献者.病毒对原绿球藻的生长、碳固定、进化、环境适应及生物地球化学意义等方面具有重要的影响.文章综述了原绿球藻病毒研究在研究方法、遗传多样性及其与宿主相互关系方面的研究成果,分析了原绿球藻病毒潜在的生物地球化学作用,并提出了研究展望,为海洋病毒及碳循环研究提供参考.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室开放基金项目(编号:QNLM2016ORP0303);;国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41522603、91428308);;中国海洋石油总公司“渤海海洋碳汇时间序列观测”项目(编号:CNOOC-KJ125FZDXM00TJ001-2014);;“南海西部海洋碳汇时间序列观测”项目(编号:CNOOC-KJ12FZDXM00ZJ001-2014)资

Taxonomic diversity of fish community in the waters surrounding the Taishan Islands of Fujian Province

根据2012年~2013年在台山列岛周边海域进行的4个航次底拖网调查资料,并结合该海域的历史资料系统整理了台山列岛周边海域鱼类总名录,使用PRIMER 5.0软件计算了该海域鱼类的分类多样性指数,研究了分类多样性指数的季节变化。结果显示,台山列岛周边海域共记录鱼类2纲20目81科150属208种,以鲈形目种类占绝对优势;2012年~2013年调查记录到鱼类2纲11目40科63属77种。台山列岛周边海域鱼类的平均分类差异指数(△~+)和分类差异变异指数(∧~+)的理论平均值分别为63.14和378.4。鱼类分类多样性指数(△)秋季最高,春、夏季次之,冬季最低;鱼类分类差异指数(△~*)秋季最高,春季次之,夏、冬季较低。研究结果表明,春季鱼类种类数最多,夏、秋季次之,冬季最少,水温和饵料决定了研究海域鱼类种类组成。According to the data collected from four seasonal trawling surveys between 2012 and 2013 in the waters surrounding the Taishan Islands,we made a list of fish species in this area and calculated its taxonomic diversity by PRIMER 5. 0. We identified 208 fish species including 2 classes,20 orders,81 families and 150 genera in the waters around Taishan Islands,with Perciformes being the major order. According to the survey data from 2012 to 2013,77 fish species including 2 classes,11 orders,40 families and 63 genera were identified. The average taxonomic distinctness( △~+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness( ∧~+) of fish species listed in that area were 63. 14 and 378. 4,respectively. The taxonomic diversity( △) and taxonomic distinctness( △~*) were higher in autumn and spring than in summer and winter. It is concluded that the species in spring was more than that in summer and autumn,and was the least in winter. Water temperature and food were the main factors which affect fish species composition.国家自然科学基金项目(41106073);; 福建省科技计划项目(2012Y0072);; 福建省海洋与渔业厅科技项目[(2012)013号

Multi-scale study on the dynamic behavior of two-dimensional materials

二维材料具有强度高、柔韧性好、性能可调等优点，在各个领域都发挥着重要的作用。与此同时，二维材料优异的冲击能量耗散能力，使其在冲击防护领域有重要的潜在应用价值。本文主要围绕先进二维材料的冲击动力学行为与高性能设计方法开展相关研究，通过建立微尺度冲击动力学实验技术，发展多尺度数值模拟方法，揭示二维材料的冲击防护性能、能量耗散的宏微观机制，提出具有高防护性能的结构设计方案。主要研究进展包括： 1.针对微米尺度薄膜材料的冲击动力学性能表征，发展了强激光驱动微颗粒高速冲击（Laser-induced particle impact tests, LIPIT）实验技术，建立了真空环境以及高低温（-150oC~800oC）的实验环境，实现了极端环境下的微尺度冲击加载方法。同时，通过量纲分析得到了影响颗粒冲击速度的主控无量纲参数，结合有限元模拟（Finite element method, FEM）得到了主控无量纲参数的影响规律。 2.表征了二维材料的基本力学性能，针对石墨炔（Graphdiyne, GDY）这种新型二维材料，首次通过AFM实验获得了其弹性模量（218.50GPa），并分析了实验参数如纳米探针的加载速度和直径对测量结果的影响。实验测得的弹性模量约为分子动力学（Molecular dynamics, MD）模拟计算结果的一半。通过在MD模型中引入不同数量的缺陷和层数，很好地解释了造成两者结果差异的原因。通过MD计算，在原子水平上得到了GDY薄膜的破坏行为以及断键重组的规律，揭示了GDY薄膜优异的柔韧性。 3.通过LIPIT实验测试了GDY及石墨烯（Graphene, GR）薄膜的微尺度冲击动力学行为。发现随着厚度的增加，材料的比吸能快速减小，并观察到了卷曲和多裂尖的失效模式。通过MD对GDY及GR的冲击动力学行为进行了模拟，得到了材料的弹道极限速度，发现超快的弹性波速、锥形波速和较大的变形为材料提供了优异的耗能能力。另外，计算表明单层石墨炔（Single-layer graphdiyne, SLGDY）与单层石墨烯（Single-layer graphene, SLGR）的比吸能接近，表明SLGDY在冲击防护领域的潜在应用价值。同时，发现GDY与GR的失效模式均与冲击速度相关。 4.测量得到了不同厚度碳纳米管（Carbon nanotube, CNT）薄膜的冲击防护性能，发现其比吸能可达到约1.3MJ/kg，比聚合物薄膜和金属薄膜高1~3倍；建立了CNT薄膜冲击的粗粒化分子动力学（Coarse-grained molecular dynamics, CGMD）模型，揭示了CNT在冲击过程中存在断裂、摩擦、振动等多种耗能机制。 5.发展了高性能薄膜材料设计方案。针对GDY与GR，提出了GR/GDY复合薄膜设计思想，充分利用GR高强度和GDY高柔韧性的特点，通过二者的耦合增强耗散效应，提高了材料的冲击防护性能。针对CNT薄膜，提出了交联的方法来加强CNT之间的相互作用、调控材料的吸能模式，实现冲击能量的非局域化耗散，从而实现高防护性能设计，并通过CGMD模拟，给出了优化的结构设计参数。</p

A Novel Epimerase Catalyzing Multiple Isomerization of Amino Acid Residues of Ribosomal Peptide [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review]

(主査) 教授 松本 謙一郎, 教授 渡慶次 学, 教授 大利 徹, 准教授 小笠原 泰志, 准教授 南 篤志総合化学院（総合化学専攻

一种真空及高低温加载的微颗粒高速冲击实验装置

本发明涉及微颗粒高速冲击实验装置技术领域,提供了一种真空及高低温加载的微颗粒高速冲击实验装置包括：真空箱,真空箱内设置有用于测试并且可调节温度的试验机构,试验机构上设置有样品,真空箱外设置有光件机构,真空箱和试验机构以及光件机构均电性连接至控制系统；光件机构结合位于真空箱内的试验机构,通过控制系统的操控实现了高低温控制及微尺度冲击加载,对微纳尺度材料的动态力学行为及能量耗散机制进行表征,为材料在极端环境下的应用提供关键技术支撑与理论依据；显著提升了冲击加载手段实验效率,测量数据精准,并且使用过程中不易发生磨损,降低维修费用

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Several High-Performance Single Fibers

High-performance fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are widely used in bulletproof structures, in which the mechanical properties of the single fibers play a crucial role in ballistic resistance. In this paper, the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of three commonly used fibers, single aramid III, polyimide (PI), and poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole (PBO) fibers are measured by a small-scale tensile testing machine and mini-split Hopkinson tension bar (mini-SHTB), respectively. The results show that the PBO fiber is superior to the other two fibers in terms of strength and elongation. Both the PBO and aramid III fibers exhibit an obvious strain-rate strengthening effect, while the tensile strength of the PI fiber increases initially, then decreases with the increase in strain rate. In addition, the PBO and aramid III fibers show ductile-to-brittle transition with increasing strain rate, and the PI fiber possesses plasticity in the employed strain rate range. Under a high strain rate, a noticeable radial splitting and fibrillation is observed for the PBO fiber, which can explain the strain-rate strengthening effect. Moreover, the large dispersion of the strength at the same strain rate is observed for all the single fibers, and it increases with increasing strain rate, which can be ascribed to the defects in the fibers. Considering the effect of strain rate, only the PBO fiber follows the Weibull distribution, suggesting that the hypothesis of Weibull distribution for single fibers needs to be revisited

Micron-Thick Interlocked Carbon Nanotube Films with Excellent Impact Resistance via Micro-Ballistic Impact

The highest specific energy absorption (SEA) of interlocked micron-thickness carbon nanotube (IMCNT) films subjected to micro-ballistic impact is reported in this paper. The SEA of the IMCNT films ranges from 0.8 to 1.6 MJ kg(-1), the greatest value for micron-thickness films to date. The multiple deformation-induced dissipation channels at the nanoscale involving disorder-to-order transition, frictional sliding, and entanglement of CNT fibrils contribute to the ultra-high SEA of the IMCNT. Furthermore, an anomalous thickness dependency of the SEA is observed, that is, the SEA increases with increasing thickness, which should be ascribed to the exponential growth in nano-interface that further boosts the energy dissipation efficiency as the film thickness increases. The results indicate that the developed IMCNT overcomes the size-dependent impact resistance of traditional materials and demonstrates great potential as a bulletproof material for high-performance flexible armor