日本囊对虾人工诱变子一代遗传变异的RAPD分析

以性腺成熟的日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)作为亲代,进行不同剂量的60Co-γ射线照射.采用RAPD技术对诱变子一代的无节幼体基因组DNA多态性进行了检测.从20个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测177个位点,其中多态位点152个,占85.9%.单个引物获得的标记为6~12个,平均8.85个,分子量在150~2 500 bp之间.遗传相似系数用Ne i的计算方法进行计算,遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算.实验数据表明:诱变子代与正常对照组相比,遗传多样性水平较高,诱变产生了较为显著的变异.研究结果证实:在对虾大规模养殖,种质质量严重退化的情况下,人工诱变能够促进基因组更加广泛的变异,为新品种的选育打下坚实的基础;同时证明RAPD技术在检测遗传差异方面具有较高的灵敏度和分辨率

Study on Adaptability to Different Environment for Juvenile of Horseshoe Crab,Tachypleus tridentatus with Artificial Incubation

中国鲎由于具有很高的经济和药用价值,遭受大规模滥捕乱杀,鲎数量急剧锐减,目前我国鲎资源已面临枯竭的危险.人工育苗及海区放流是一种保护和恢复鲎资源种群有效可行的措施.我们从2004年7月至9月,在厦门水产技术推广站进行鲎人工授精,并以人工授精培育的鲎幼体为材料,模拟海区生态环境,自2004年10月14日至2005年3月15日进行鲎幼体钻沙、钻泥实验,并比较幼鲎在不同生态环境生长发育情况,共计152 d.结果表明,幼鲎具有钻入沙或泥的生活习性,且幼鲎在含沙或泥的海水比在普通海水中生长发育的情况更好.本实验结果为鲎苗海区人工增殖放流提供了实验依据.Horseshoe crabs have important economic and biomedical values.The amount of horseshoe crabs has declined rapidly due to uncontrolled exploitation and horseshoe crab resource will be exhausted in China.Artificial incubation and releasing is a useful method for protecting and restoring the horseshoe crab population.The juveniles were obtained through artificial fertilization in Xiamen Fishery Technical Extension Station from July to Sep 2004.The experiments of boring sand and mud were carried out under the simulated environment of sea area from Oct 14th,2004 to Sep 15th,2005.The development statuses of juveniles under different environment were compared.The results suggest that juveniles are used to bore into sand or mud and juveniles living in sea water with sand or mud will grow better and faster than in normal sea water.This will be provided a basis for the artificial propagation and artificial releasing of horseshoe crab′s juvenile.国家自然科学基金项目(30572077);; 厦门市海洋与渔业局基金项目(k53008)资