Numerical Simulation of Secondary Flow in a Turbomachinery by Curved Square Duct

航空用ジェットエンジンなどに使用されるターボ機械の流路内では、作動流体に流路の曲率による遠心力および回転によるコリオリ力が作用し複雑な二次流れが生じ、段効率さらには機械の全体性能に大きな影響を与える。このようにターボ機械内では複数の二次流れによる渦が生じ、それらの干渉により非常に複雑な流れの様相を呈する。従って、このような流れ場の挙動と損失発生の因果関係を直接実機を用いて解明することは非常に困難である。したがって、本研究では実機の流路から回転の効果や流路の曲率を部分的に取り除いたモデル流路内の流れを解析し、各種の二次流れ単体と損失発生のメカニズムを解明した。In the passage of a turbomachinery, the secondary flow under the effect of the centrifugal and the Coriolis forces exhibits complex flow pattern, and strongly affects the generation of losses. It is difficult to reveal the relationship between the secondary flow and the loss generation mechanism by using an actual turbomachinery. The most dominant secondary flow is the passage vortex.In the present study, the flow within the two-dimensional curved square duct is selected as a fundamental model for the appearance of the passage vortex. The numerical computations are performed for the various boundary conditions, in which the inlet boundary layer thickness and the inlet velocity profile are changed. The computed results are compared with the experimental results to estimated the validation of the present computation code

コロナ禍で音楽表現を制限されてきた児童生徒の資質・能力を伸ばす音楽指導の在り方の研究

プロジェクト代表者：小川暁美departmental bulletin pape

Protective role of Nrf2 in age-related hearing loss and gentamicin ototoxicity

Expression of antioxidant enzymes is regulated by transcription factor NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) andinduced by oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species contribute to the formation of several types ofcochlear injuries, including age-related hearing loss and gentamicin ototoxicity. In this study, we examinedthe roles of Nrf2 in age-related hearing loss and gentamicin ototoxicity by measuring auditory brainstemresponse thresholds in Nrf2-knockout mice. Although Nrf2-knockout mice maintained normalauditory thresholds at 3 months of age, their hearing ability was significantly more impaired than thatof age-matched wild-type mice at 6 and 11 months of age. Additionally, the numbers of hair cells andspiral ganglion cells were remarkably reduced in Nrf2-knockout mice at 11 months of age. To examinethe importance of Nrf2 in protecting against gentamicin-induced ototoxicity, 3-day-old mouse organof Corti explants were cultured with gentamicin. Hair cell loss caused by gentamicin treatment wasenhanced in the Nrf2-deficient tissues. Furthermore, the expressions of some Nrf2-target genes were activatedby gentamicin treatment in wild-type mice but not in Nrf2-knockout mice. The present findingsindicate that Nrf2 protects the inner ear against age-related hearing injuries and gentamicin ototoxicityby up-regulating antioxidant enzymes and detoxifying proteins

飼料用水稲新品種「ホシアオバ」の育成

We developed a lowland rice cultivar, "Hoshiaoba", at National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region in 2002. We selected this cultivar from the pedigree of crossing between Hokuriku 130 (Oochikara) and Tashukei 174. Oochikara is a high yielding cultivar with large grain and Tashukei 174 is a high yielding breeding line of long culm and good plant statue. Crossing was carried out in 1987 and the promising progeny line was named as Chugoku 146 at F_9 generation in 1995. Chugoku 146 had been subjected to local adaptability tests and feed tests for livestock since 1996. Chugoku 146 was recognized to be suitable for whole crop silage from its yielding, and feeding value. It was officially registered as Paddy rice Norin No.379 and named Hoshiaoba by the Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in 2002. The main characteristics of Hoshiaoba are as follows. 1. Heading date of Hoshiaoba is similar to that of Nipponbare, but its maturing date is 6 days later than that of Nipponbare. Its maturity is classified into medium maturity in the western region of Japan. Its lengths of culm and panicle are 3cm and 4cm longer than those of Nipponbare, respectively. The panicle number per unit area is less than that of Nipponbare, and the plant type is super-heavy panicle type. The culm is thick and hard. Shuttering habit is slightly hard. 2. Hoshiaoba seems to be possessed of the true resistance genes Pita-2 and Pib for blast disease. Its field resistances for leaf blast and for panicle blast are unknown. The resistance level to bacterial leaf blight is similar to that of Nipponbare, and Hoshiaoba is resistant to rice stripe disease. The lodging resistance of Hoshiaoba is superior to Nipponbare. 3. Its yielding abilities as whole crop and as grain under transplanting cultivation are about 12% and 30% superior to those of Nipponbare, respectively. Under direct seeding cultivation tests, its yielding ability is superior to that of Nipponbare. 4. The volume of brown rice of Hoshiaoba is very large, its 1000 kernel weight is about 29g. Its appearance grade of brown rice is remarkably inferior to that of Nipponbare and eating quality of Hoshiaoba is also remarkably inferior to that of Nipponbare. 5. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content per dry matter weight of Nipponbare is about 60%, it is similar to that of Nipponbare. However, dry matter weight of Hoshiaoba is superior to that of Nipponbare. The whole crop silage of Hoshiaoba is similar to timothy hay in feed ingredients, and its feeding value for cow seems to be equivalent to timothy hay

飼料用水稲新品種「クサノホシ」の育成

We developed a lowland rice cultivar, "Kusanohoshi", at National Agricultural Research Center for Western Region in 2002. We selected this cultivar from a cross between Tashukei 175 and Akenohoshi. Akenohoshi is a high yielding cultivar with numerous setting of grain per each panicle and Tashukei 175 is a high yielding breeding line of long culm and good plant statue. Crossing was carried out in 1987 and the promising progeny line was named as Chugoku 147 at F_8 generation in 1995. Chugoku 147 had been subjected to local adaptability tests and feed tests for livestock since 1996. Chugoku 147 was recognized to be suitable for whole crop silage from its yielding, and feeding value. It was officially registered as Paddy rice Norin No.380 and named Kusanohoshi by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) in 2002. The main characteristics of Kusanohoshi are as follows ; 1. Heading date of Kusanohoshi is 13 days later than that of Nipponbare. Its maturity is classified into late maturity in the plain area along Seto Inland Sea. Its lengths of culm and panicle are longer than those of Nipponbare. The panicle number per unit area is less than that of Nipponbare, and the plant type is superheavy panicle type. The culm is thick and hard. Shuttering habit is hard. 2. Its yielding abilities as whole crop and as grain under transplanting cultivation are about 20% and 30% superior to those of Nipponbare, respectively. Under direct seeding cultivation tests, its yielding ability is superior to that of Nipponbare. 3. Kusanohoshi seems to be possessed of the true resistance genes Pita-2 and Pib for blast disease. Its field resistance for leaf blast and for panicle blast are unknown. The resistance level to bacterial leaf blight is high and Kusanohoshi is resistant to rice stripe disease. The lodging resistance of Kusanohoshi is superior to Nipponbare. 4. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) content per dry matter weight of Kusanohoshi is about 60% by nearinfrared spectroscopic analysis, it is similar to that of Nipponbare. As its higher whole crop yield, the TDN yield per unit area (TDN content × whole crop yield) of Kusanohoshi is superior to that of Nipponbare. 5. Its appearance grade of brown rice is inferior to that of Nipponbare and eating quality of Kusanohoshi is also inferior to that of Nipponbare

乳がん患者が放射線治療で受ける放射線性皮膚炎の照射部位別経時的変化

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