リンゴわい性台木の新品種 \u27JM 1\u27, \u27JM 7\u27 および \u27JM 8\u27

An apple rootstock improvement program at the Morioka Branch, Horticulture Research Station, now reorganized as the Apple Research Center, NIFTS, was started in 1972. Main objectives of the program were: to develop excellent rootstocks that are able to control tree size favorably; to resist diseases and pests such as crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum. P cambivora), wooly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum); to tolerate water-logged soils; and to propagate easily by hardwood cuttings. A controlled cross of Malus prunifolia \u27Seishi\u27 x \u27M.9\u27 was made during 1972 -1975. Over the next 11 years initial screening of the seedlings continued at Morioka and three clones together with other seven clones were selected in 1984 with the desirable characteristics for putative vigor estimated by bark/wood ratio of root and propagative ability. Beginning in 1985, these rootstock selections were subjected to field trials executed by 12 experiment stations located in apple growing districts in Japan. Based on orchard performance and observation of disease and pest resistance, \u27JM 1\u27,\u27JM 7\u27and \u27JM 8\u27 were released in 1996, and registered as No.7443,7444,7445 respectively, under the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act of Japan to keep plant breeder\u27s right on September 21,1999. Three JM rootstocks were resistant to crown rot disease and wooly apple aphid. \u27JM 7\u27 and \u27JM 8\u27 were also resistant against CLSV, but \u27JM 1\u27 was susceptible. \u27JM 1\u27and\u27JM 7\u27 were less susceptible to fire blight than\u27 M.26\u27　Over 90% of cuttings in　\u27JM 7\u27,　over 80% in　\u27JM 1\u27,　over 70% in \u27JM 8\u27 rooted by using hardwood cuttings in the nursery, while 0 - 8% in \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and \u27M.26EMLA\u27. Average shoot diameters were 6.6 to 7.0 mm and length of shoots were 77 to 101 cm. Rooting abilities of these JM rootstocks are much better than \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and \u27M.26EMLA.\u27 Observations of \u27Fuji\u27 trees over 15 seasons in the orchard at Morioka proved that \u27JM 1\u27, \u27JM 7\u27 and \u27JM 8\u27 produced trees smaller than \u27M.9EMLA\u27. Trees on \u27JM 7\u27and\u27JM 8\u27 tend toward typical overgrowth of the rootstocks. Three JM rootstocks produced very low number of suckers and very low amount of burrknots compared to \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and \u27M.26EMLA\u27. Trees of \u27Fuji\u27 on JM rootstocks had similar precocity to \u27M.9EMLA.\u27 Cumulative yield efficiency of \u27Fuji\u27 was highest in \u27JM 7\u27, and it was higher in \u27JM 1\u27 and \u27JM 8\u27 than that of \u27M.9EMLA\u27 or \u27M.26EMLA\u27. Fruit weight, red color development, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and flesh firmness of \u27Fuji\u27 were measured. Large differences were not found in these traits except for soluble solids content and flesh firmness among the fruits. Average soluble solids and flesh firmness were higher in JM rootstocks than \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and \u27M.26EMLA\u27 every year. Our results suggest that resistance to several diseases and pests are better, and the trees are more productive on these JM rootstocks than they are on \u27M.9EMLA\u27 or \u27M.26EMLA\u27. We regard these new rootstock varieties as worthy replacements for \u27M.9\u27 and \u27M.26\u27 in Japan

リンゴの半わい性台木および極わい性台木の新品種 \u27ＪＭ２\u27，\u27ＪＭ５\u27

JM 2\u27 is a semidwarfing and \u27JM 5\u27 is an extremely dwarfing apple rootstock released in 1997 by the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. \u27JM 2\u27and \u27JM 5\u27 originated from a controlled cross of Malus prunifolia \u27Seishi\u27 x \u27M.9\u27 made during 1972 - 1975 to obtain new dwarfing rootstock clones that are easy to propagate by hardwood cutting. Over the next 11 years, seedling screening continued at Morioka, and these two clones together with other eight clones were selected in 1984 with the desirable characteristics for putative vigor estimated by the bark/ wood ratio of roots and their propagative ability. Beginning in 1985, these rootstock selections were entered into the regional trial conducted at 12 research sites in apple growing districts in Japan, as selection number Apple Rootstock Morioka No.2 and 5. Based on orchard performance and observations of disease and pest resistance, rootstock varieties were ultimately selected and released as \u27JM 2\u27 and \u27JM 5\u27 in 1997 and registered as No.8223 and 8224 under the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act of Japan on July 31, 2000. The rooting abilities of these two JM rootstocks were much better than two other varieties, \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and \u27M.26EMLA\u27. Over 90% of \u27JM 2\u27 cuttings and over 80% of \u27JM 5\u27 cuttings were rooted by using hardwood cutting in the nursery, whereas for \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and \u27M.26EMLA\u27 fewer than 7% of the cuttings were rooted in this manner. Average shoot lengths of \u27JM 2\u27 and \u27JM 5\u27 were 82 and 73 cm with shoot diameters of 6.4 and 6.1 mm respectively. \u27JM 2\u27 and \u27JM 5\u27 were resistant to crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum, P. cambivora). \u27JM 2\u27 was susceptible to wooly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) but \u27JM 5\u27 was resistant. On the other hand, \u27JM 2\u27 was resistant against Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), but \u27JM 5\u27 was susceptible. \u27JM 2\u27 was less susceptible to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) than \u27M.26\u27. Observations of \u27Fuji\u27 trees on \u27JM 2\u27 and \u27JM 5\u27 over 14 seasons in the orchard at Morioka proved that \u27JM 2\u27 was a semidwarfing rootstock, whereas \u27JM 5\u27 was an extremely dwarfing rootstock. \u27Fuji\u27 trees on \u27JM 2\u27 and \u27JM 5\u27 tended toward overgrowth of the rootstock. The number of suckers in \u27JM 2\u27 was similar to \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and very low in \u27JM 5\u27. The two JM rootstocks produced very low amount of burrknots compared to \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and \u27M.26EMLA\u27. The cumulative yield efficiency of \u27Fuji\u27 was lower on \u27JM 2\u27, but was higher on \u27JM 5\u27 than that of \u27M.9EMLA\u27. Fruit weight, red color development, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and flesh firmness of \u27Fuji\u27 were measured. Large differences were not found in these traits except for lower fruit weight in \u27JM 2\u27 In \u27JM 5\u27, soluble solids content and flesh firmness were higher than those of \u27M.9EMLA\u27 and \u27M.26EMLA\u27 . Our results suggest that these two new rootstock varieties are worthy replacements for Marubakaido [Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh.] or \u27M.27\u27 in Japan

リンゴ新品種 \u27ちなつ\u27

Chinatsu\u27 is a very early maturing, relatively small red apple (Malus pumila Mill.) released in 1998 by the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. \u27Chinatsu\u27 originated from a cross of \u27Akane\u27 × \u27Stark Earliest\u27 made in 1972. The tree was first selected based on its fruit quality and growth habit in 1982, and was subjected to the regional trial, conducted at 18 research sites in 13 prefectures in Japan, as selection number Apple Morioka No.49 from 1989. It was ultimately selected and released as \u27Chinatsu\u27 in 1998, and registered as No.9402 under the Plant Variety Protection and Seed Act of Japan on October 18, 2001. At NIFTS in Morioka the \u27Chinatsu\u27 fruit ripens in mid-August, about one week before \u27Kizashi\u27. The shape of the fruit is round with a short peduncle, and the mean fruit weight is 205 g. The skin color of the fruit at harvest time is striped deep red. Russeting in the stem cavity occasionally occurs. The flesh is crisp, juicy and subacid. Mean soluble solids content (Brix) in juice is 11.5% and titratable acidity as malic acid averages 0.61 g/100 ml at harvest. The fruit maintains firmness and crisp texture for about 50 days in refrigerated storage at 1 - 4℃. The tree is upright in shape, and medium in vigor, blooming at the same time as \u27Tsugaru\u27. \u27Chinatsu\u27 is cross-compatible with major commercial cultivars such as \u27Fuji\u27 and \u27Tsugaru\u27. \u27Chinatsu\u27 is resistant to Alternaria leaf spot and seems to be moderately tolerant to scab

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

南極ドームふじ基地における第2期氷床深層コア掘削

南極ドームふじ基地において，第2 期氷床深層コア掘削が行われた．2001 年のパイロット孔掘削に引き続き2003/2004 シーズンから4 か年にわたり本格的な深層コア掘削を実施し，2007 年1 月に3035.22 m 深に達した．夏期間のみの掘削としたので，効率よく掘削できるように第1 期深層コア掘削システムの問題点を解決しながら多くの改良を施した．特に1 回の掘削で採取可能なコア長を2.3 m から3.84 m にしたことと切削チップ収納効率を高めたことが大きい．本報告では，現地で使用した掘削システムの概要とともに，掘削の方法，掘削の経過を述べるとともに，掘削中に生じた様々なトラブルについても報告し，併せて今後の課題を示した． The second deep ice coring project was carried out at Dome Fuji, Antarctica. Following the pilot hole drilling in 2001, deep ice core drilling was conducted for four years from the 2003/2004 austral summer season, reaching a depth of 3035.22 m in January 2007. The drilling was performed only in the summer season. Therefore, many improvements were made to the problems of the first deep ice core drilling system to enable efficient drilling. In particular, the core length that can be obtained at one time was increased from 2.3m to 3.84 m, and the chip storage efficiency was enhanced. In this report, the outline of the drilling system, the method of drilling, the progress of drilling operation, and various troubles were reported. Also, future issues are indicated

重粒子照射を用いた局所心筋除神経

第11回日本病態生理学会大

重粒子線を用いた根治的不整脈治療の開発

Heterogeneities in sympathetic denervation and in myocardial blood flow are thought to be substrates of lethal ventricular arrhythmia. It cannot be fully treated even by a catheter ablation. We evaluated whether heavy ion beam could be applied to anti-arrhythmic therapy. The left chest (20x20 mm) was irradiated by a single dose (90Gy) of heavy ion beam (290MeV/u carbon-12). We created chronic myocardial ischemia by injecting microspheres (15 um in diameter) into the coronary artery in four rabbits. Two weeks after making ischemia, irradiation was performed as above in two ischemia rabbits. One month after the irradiation, program-induced VT/VF were completely suppressed. In two non-irradiated ones, however, VT/VF were induced by programmed stimulation easily. These results suggest that irradiation of heavy ion beam to the subepicardial region is applicable to the anti-arrhythmic therapy due to homogenous sympathetic denervation without deterioration in local blood flow and contraction