Research on the rapid inactivation of typical algae blooms by hydroxyl radical

以典型水华藻铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和四尾栅藻为研究对象,利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的羟基自由基(·OH)对3种藻进行杀灭.采用荧光染色、流式细胞仪; 和光合活性等生物学方法,确定·OH杀灭的阈值浓度和时间,并观察细胞形态变化.结果表明,当混合藻中铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和四尾栅藻的初始藻密度分别为1; 9.5*10~4、21.8*10~4和4.90*10~4cells/mL时,; ·OH杀灭的阈值浓度为1.07mg/L,致死时间为4.5s;形态观察结果表明,处理后各种藻的形态是完整的,无内溶质溢出.因此,采用·OH可实现高; 效快速杀灭水华藻,有效保障饮用水安全.Algae blooming in water sources breaks out increasingly and seriously; threatened the water supply safety. Bench scale tests were conducted to; study the effects of ·OH generated from strong ionization discharge and; high pressure water jet cavitation on cell density, cell integrity and; photosynthetic capacity of 3kinds of typical freshwater algae. Algae; species including Microcystis aeruginosa, Synedra sp., and Scenedesmus; quadricuauda were respectively prepared at concentrations of 19.5*10~4,; 21.8*10~4 and 4.90*10~4 cells/mL, and the cell integrity was assessed by; flow cytometry. Results suggested that the ·OH lethal threshold of the; algae was 1.07mg/L within the exposure time of 4.5s. The cell; morphological observation results showed that all the cells were; integral and no cytoplasm composition spilled. Hence, large-scale; production of ·OH is a novel method to inactive typical algae species; efficiently and to protect drinking water safety simultaneously.国家科技支撑计划资助项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项

Treatment of algae bloom water using ·OH based on conventional drinking water process

我国水体的富营养化日益严重,水源地出现季节性藻类爆发现象,严重威胁饮用水安全。以厦门市莲坂水厂各工艺段出水为研究对象,采用大气压强电离放电产生羟; 基自由基(·OH),分别对水源水、混凝沉淀出水、砂滤出水进行处理,处理时间为4.5 s。当注入总氧化剂浓度为1.8 mg·; L~(-1)时,高藻浓度从25.3*10~4 cells · mL~(-1)降到800 cells ·; mL~(-1);对混凝沉淀出水注入总氧化剂0.6 mg· L~(-1)、砂滤出水注入0.2 mg·; L~(-1)时,藻细胞都未检出;·OH处理后CODMn、TOC及UV254均有明显降低,砂滤出水三卤甲烷小于8; mug·L~(-1);检测的各项指标均达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB; 5479-2006)。因此,·OH可快速有效安全地杀灭高藻,为我国高藻水源地饮用水卫生安全保障提供技术支撑。Due to the increasing eutrophication in China, harmful algae blooms; often occur in water body periodically, which poses serious threats to; drinking water safety. Using a strong ionization discharge technology at; atmosphere pressure, ·OH was used to remove algae bloom. Other; conventional process such as coagulation, sedimentation and sand; filtration were applied respectively in the Lianban Water Plant in; Xiamen (China). The total reaction time required in the three water; processes was only 4.5 s. When the total reactive oxidant (TRO); concentration injected to algae bloom water was 1.8 mg·L~(-1), the algae; content was decreased by ·OH from 25.3*10~4 cells·mL~(-1) to 800; cells·mL~(-1). When the TRO that was injected into coagulation,; sedimentation and sand filtration water achieved 0.6 mg·L~(-1) and 0.2; mg·L~(-1), respectively, the algae contents were not detected (ND) in; treated effluents. At the same time, water quality in CODMn, TOC and; UV254 were decreased and the disinfection by-products(DBPs) such as,; trihalomethanes (THMs) concentration was lower than 8 mug·L~(-1) in; treated effluents. The treated effluent, resulting from this technology,; met the requirement of the National Drinking Water Standards (GB; 5479-2006). Therefore, ·OH was effective and safe to remove freshwater; algae without further treatment being required.国家科技支撑计划项目; 国家重大科研仪器研制项目; 科技部创新人才推进计划重点领域创新团

铁皮石斛多糖通过上皮-间质转化抗肝纤维化

目的探讨铁皮石斛多糖（DOP）对CCl4 诱导肝纤维化（HF）的影响及其作用机制。方法将56 只雄性SD 大鼠随机分为七组：正常组（NG）、模型组（MG）、秋水仙碱组（CG， 0.1mg/ kg）、扶正化瘀组（FG， 0.45g/kg）、低剂量DOP 组（LDG， 0.05 g/kg）、中剂量DOP 组（MDG， 0.1 g/kg）和高剂量DOP 组（HDG，0.2 g/kg），每组8 只。采用皮下注射40% CCl4 橄榄油混合液制备HF 大鼠模型，每3 d 注射1次，共10周。造模第6周结束后，各药物组分别给予秋水仙碱、扶正化瘀和DOP 溶液灌胃处理，NG 和MG 大鼠给予等量0.9 % 生理盐水处理，每天1次，连续4周。各组大鼠肝组织病理学采用苏木精-伊红（HE）、Masson 染色、天狼星红（Sirius red）染色检测；肝功能和肝纤四项指标采用血液生化法检测；肝组织中α-SMA、Col-I、E-cadherin、ZEB1 基因和蛋白的表达分别采用RT-qPCR 法和Western Blot 法检测。结果HE、Masson、Sirius red 染色结果显示MG 大鼠肝脏组织出现典型的HF 病理特征，LDG、MDG 和HDG 大鼠HF 均出现不同程度改善。肝功能检测结果显示，LDG、MDG、HDG 大鼠的血清AST、TBIL、AKP 水平与MG 相比均显著降低（P < 0.05或 < 0.01），血清ALT 水平除LDG 外均显著降低（P < 0.05或 < 0.01）。肝纤四项指标检测结果显示，LDG、MDG、HDG 大鼠的血清HA、LN、PC-Ⅲ、COL-Ⅳ 含量与MG 比较均明显下降（P < 0.05或 < 0.01）。基因、蛋白检测结果显示，LDG、MDG、HDG 大鼠肝组织中α-SMA、COL-I、ZEB1 的相对表达量明显降低（P < 0.05或 < 0.01），而E-cadherin 的相对表达量升高（P < 0.05或 < 0.01）。此外，HA、α-SMA、COL-I、ZEB1、E-cadherin 的表达均存在一定的DOP 剂量依赖性。结论DOP 可通过抑制大鼠肝组织的上皮-间质转化减轻CCl4 诱导的HF 程度

Role of eNOS / NO signaling pathway in peritubular capillary lesions in renal interstitial fibrosis and the related mechanism in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction

目的探讨内皮型一氧化氮合酶(EndOTHElIAl nITrIC OXIdE SynTHASE,E nOS)和一氧化氮(nITrIC OXIdE,nO)在单侧输尿管梗阻(unIlATErAl urETErAl ObSTruCTIOn,uuO)肾间质纤维化小鼠微血管病变中的作用及机制。方法64只kM小鼠随机分为两组:假手术组n=32只;单侧输尿管梗阻uuO组n=32只。观察4周,每周检测各组小鼠血bun、SCr及一氧化氮,流式细胞计数外周血Cd133+/VEgfr+内皮祖细胞(EndOTHElIAl PrOgEnITOr CEllS,EPCS)、MASSOn染色观察肾组织形态学变化,免疫组化法检测肾间质Cd34+表达计数微血管密度,实时定量PCr检测肾皮质E nOS、VEgf MrnA表达。结果 uuO组血一氧化氮、内皮祖细胞计数、肾间质微血管密度、E nOS、VEgf MrnA表达水平持续下降,在第2、3、4周与对照组差异有统计学意义。一氧化氮水平与肾间质微血管密度呈正相关(r=0.715,P<0.05);E nOS MrnA表达水平与肾间质微血管密度(r=0.624,P<0.05)、内皮祖细胞计数(r=0.375,P<0.05)、VEgf MrnA(r=0.351,P<0.05)呈正相关。结论 E nOS/nO途径参与了uuO小鼠肾间质微血管的调节,其调节涉及对血管舒张功能影响、介导促血管肾脏因子VEgf MrnA表达及动员内皮祖细胞等机制。Objective To investigate the role of eN OS/NO signaling pathway in peritubular capillary lesions of mouse renal interstitial fibrosis with unilateral ureteral obstruction( UUC) and the potential mechanism.Methods Sixtyfour healthy male KM mice were randomly divided into sham operated group( n = 32) and unilateral ureteral obstruction group( n = 32).At each week,serum BUN,Scr and NO were determined and the percentages of CD133+/ VEGFR+endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by flow cytometry.Morphological changes of the renal tissue were observed using Masson staining.The expression of CD34+cells in the renal interstitium was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to calculate the peritubular capillary density.The expressions of eN os and VEGF mRNA were determined by real-time PCR.Results The expression of blood NO,the percentages of endothelial progenitor cells,peritu-bular capillaries,eN OS mRNA,and VEGF mRNA in the UUO group were significantly decreased compared with those of the sham group at 2,3,and 4 weeks( P < 0.05).NO was positively correlated with peritubular capillaries( r = 0.715,P< 0.05),eN OS mRNA was positively correlated with peritubular capillaries( r = 0.624,P < 0.05),endothelial progenitor cells( r = 0.375,P < 0.05),and VEGF mRNA( r = 0.351,P < 0.05).Conclusions eN OS / NO signaling pathway participates in regulation of peritubular capillary lesions in renal interstitial fibrosis of UUO mice.The mechanism may be partly related to the regulation of vasomotor reflex,the expression of VEGF mRNA and mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells.福建省卫生厅青年科研课题(编号:2010-2-92

沈阳森林动物园丹顶鹤核心种群的遗传多样性分析

利用7个SSR位点对沈阳动物园丹顶鹤核心种群进行了遗传多样性分析,统计了等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne),计算了群体杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)、Shannon信息指数(I)、近交系数(Fis)等参数。结果显示:7个微卫星标记中有4个高度多态位点和3个中度多态位点,共扩增出36个等位基因,并发现了11个稀有等位基因; 平均有效等位基因是2.4342,平均期望杂合度为0.5510,平均多态信息含量是0.5049,遗传多样性水平较高; 哈温平衡检测显示5个位点符合哈温平衡,2个位点偏离了哈温平衡; 平均Fis值为0.0069,同时平均观测杂合度小于平均期望杂合度,显示可能存在种群个体亲缘关系较近的情况