The Simulation Model and Relative Humidity to Predict the Temperature within Greenhouse in Taiwan

本模式之目的在‘預測’溫室內溫濕度環境，提供設施園藝營運管理方式使溫室利用達到最高效率、並使農業工程師或一般建造者在操作、設計、構造溫室時能依預知之情形，建造出最廉價且商合作物生長環境之溫室。 本模式之律立，摒除了利用儀器（日射計、風速計、溫濕度計、電熱偶、資料分析儀等感應器）計測的動態模擬方式，改為借用氣象預報的氣象資料（溫度、濕度、風速、雲量等），做為動態模擬依據，不但適用於預測工作，且可根據以往之氣象資資料及植物生理資料，決定植物之最適生長季節，或作為變更植物種類時溫濕度環境之評估。本預測模式在民國78年已大致發展完成，並於民國80年利用多點資料蒐集儀配以溫度、濕度、風向風速、日射量等感應器作長期的氣象資料，代入預測模式，經比對印証其精確度相當高。 The purpose of this model is trying to predict the highest and lowest temperatures and relative humidity at any day within a greenhouse. Simulation results can provide the most economical and efficient ways to design, construct, and manage the greenhouses. The characteristics of this model is not fully depend on the instant data responsed from sensors, but combines the climate data from Weather Bureau and mathematical simulations. As a result, it is not only predicted easily, but implemented economically. The model has been developed and tested completely in 1989 and 1991, respectively. The precision of this model is found to compare favorably high and acceptable with that from long-term field measured data

Applications of The Equipment and System for Greenhouse Microclimates Control

本文目的在於延續溫室微氣候環控中簡易感測系統之製作與裝置。以實地裝設於宜蘭農工專校新建溫室，進行環控操作，將實際所面臨及遭遇到的技術問加以克服及設計改良。該溫室環控以溫濕度控制模式為主體寫成C語言程式，配合個人電腦多功能實驗界面卡（內含類比／數位轉換、數位／類比轉換、數位訊號輸出入及計數器等界面）、多工及放大器界面卡、固態電譯驅動卡等電腦周邊界面裝置作系統連結及運轉，加上以感溫IC(AD 590)計測室內外乾濕球、土層、披覆材內外及作物葉面等溫度並自設小型農業微氣象觀測站（包括電氣直示型通風溫濕度計測箱、太陽電池日射計、風杯～發電機風速計及感雨器）計測室外微氣象。經實地操作運轉證明，此裝置組合滿足溫室設施樣本控制系統之控制方式並有效調節室內溫濕度環境。其造價低及施工技術已有模式可循，極適合推廣至微氣候環控要求較高之精密溫室。 The purpose of this study is to install a simple sensing system for microclimates control in a fan-pad type greenhouse. The simple sensing system has been installed in a greenhouses located at Horticlture Department, National I-lan Institute of Agriculture & Technology. The system also has been operated to solve the problems such as stability and malfuction related to the system¡¦s operation. The system is mainly classified as the temperature- humidity control mode 1 and has been modified to satisfy the control requirements. A computer program written by C- Language has been created to model the temperature-humidity control process. The equipment consists of 1 Personal Computer (PC), 1 PC multifunction lab card (involve 12 analog / digital converters, 2 digital/analog converters, 1 digital signal input/output-and-counter card), 1 multiplexer & amplifier card, SSR & relay driver board, 21 temperature sensors (AD590) and some other microclimate sensors. T type thermalcouple is being substituted by AD590 type temperature sensor to measure the temperature of soil layers, cover material, dry-wct bulb (both indoor and outdoor) and the leaf surfaces ; and a significant result has been found in this study. For the purpose of measuring microclimates, the sensors which include 1 electric-directed type ventilation temperature-humidity sensor, 1 solar- cell type radiation sensor, 1 goblet- generator type wind-speed sensor and 1 rain inductor are installed in a Agricultural Meteorological Data Acqusition station. This study shows that the set-up system well controls the temperature and humidity in the greenhouses. Two other two contibutions are found from this study (1) the cost of the set-up system is as low as $10,000, and (2) the experience gained from the installation provides us much knowledge for future application. As a result, the system set-up in this study can be applied to the greenhouses which require a strictly environmental control

Study on A Positioning System for Radio-Frequency Technology in Agricultural Environment

無人自走施藥車之開發，首先必須發展適用的定位系統，以獲得車輛在導引過程中之精確座標。而定位系統大致可區分為慣性定位（IPS）、全球定位（GPS）、區域定位系統（LPS）與環境偵測定位系統（EDS）等四大部分，上述系統可互相搭配運用。為了能符合本國之戶外農業環境，本研究應用區域性定位系統之窄頻無線電波的超高頻（UHF）電訊方式，在限定區域範圍內對標的物進行測距與定位。本研究使用nanoPAN 5375 RF模組，自行開發一符合區域性適合農業環境之射頻定位系統，利用對稱雙邊雙向測距法（SDS-TWR）求得測距值，以航行時間定位法（ToF）與多點基地台選擇策略法（MBSST）求得最佳群組之估測座標值，並以Visual Basic 2008程式語言撰寫定位系統程式。實驗結果，在面積500 平方公尺內訊號受到遮蔽效應情況之非視線傳播（N-LOS）環境下，定位精度可維持為公分級誤差。To Develop an automatic spraying vehicle, it has to develop an appropriate positioning systems for obtain a precise coordinates in the guidance process first. The positioning systems can be broadly divided into 4 categories, including the Inertial Positioning System (IPS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Location Positioning System (LPS) and Environmental Detection System (EDS). In order to comply with the outdoor agri-environment in Taiwan, the narrow band radio waves UHF technology of the LPS applied in this study, within the limited range of subject matter area for ranging and positioning. This study applied the nanoPAN 5375 RF modules, developed a RF positioning systems in the outdoor agri-environment, the use of SDS-TWR method obtained the ranging values, the use of ToF method and the Multi-Base Station Selection Tactics (MBSST) method obtained the best estimating coordinate values of the groups. The program was derived with Visual Basic 2008. The results of this study shown that, positioning precision can be maintained within the centimeter level in the area 500 m2 in the no-line of sight (N-LOS) environment