弹道靶的一些发射技术

弹道靶设备是开展高速碰撞、气动力和气动物理现象研究的重要实验手段.由于比风洞和击波管等设备有它特殊的优点,所以五十年代末六十年代初,当它在高超音速领域中初

微生物絮凝剂对小球藻细胞氧化应激研究

小球藻作为能源藻,可以提供产生物柴油,但是小球藻生物质的获取成为能源藻发展的瓶颈.目前研究藻细胞生物质收集的方法很多,但不同收集方法对能源藻细胞的氧化应激研究却很少.分别研究絮凝功能细菌xn-1所产生物絮凝物质和离心法对能源藻——小球藻生物质在收集过程中对藻细胞的氧化应激,以期确定絮凝微生物对小球藻细胞的生物安全性.采用涂布划线法从藻际分离纯化絮凝功能微生物;通过梯度醇沉法获得絮凝物质;分别用絮凝微生物所分泌絮凝物质和离心法收集藻细胞生物质,并对藻细胞内蛋白含量、总糖含量、丙二醛含量(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量进行测定;以分光光度计测定其吸光度值.经过测定并经过统计学显著性分析,发现离心作用下收集的藻细胞内的MDA,GSH和AsA含量显著高于利用絮凝物质絮凝得到的藻细胞.离心作用相对于絮凝作用造成藻细胞膜发生更高的脂质过氧化,产生大量的活性氧自由基,诱导非酶抗氧化系统响应.因此,离心法收集藻生物质相对于微生物絮凝对藻细胞的伤害更大,絮凝微生物比离心法更适合于收集能源藻生物质.国家自然科学基金(51008119;41576109);;河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(17A610002

弹道靶上的跨音速实验

本文介绍用弹道靶作跨音速试验的新方法,在二级轻气炮上采用了二个特殊的新技术:充气放炮能发射模型达到亚音速,低充填条件能发射模型达到跨、超音速。由于初始加速度较小,发射的模型外形完整,姿态稳定;加上没有支撑干扰和小洞壁效应的优点,使弹道靶设备在跨音速实验方面有特殊的优越性,用上述技术得到了圆球跨音速流场的清晰照片,其中击波脱体距离、分离点位置、颈部宽度、尾迹形状与超音速、高超音速流动比较有明显变化。文中M≈1.010和M≈0.99的二张全流场照片是十分有意义的。最后提出一个想法,用靶场加压、降温的方法可以提高雷诺数直到10~7以上

The Dilemma of Risk Communication and Citizen Participation in Mobile Phone Base Station Installation

我國行動通訊自1998開始自由競爭以來就擁有極高的用戶普及與成長率，而隨之基地台執照總數至2009年年底也已達4萬3千多張，然因基地台必須普設於人口密集之區域，使鄰近民眾擔憂電磁波之危害而產生「鄰避情結」，10年投訴至公部門之陳情抱怨函從不間斷。而隨者3G、3.5G及未來4G行動通訊的普及擴張，此一沉痾勢必更加嚴重。本研究主要係回顧此一現象的歷史脈絡及在地化特殊性，並探討多年來政府在基地台的風險溝通失靈的困境癥結，以及晚近有志之士對於環境民主所主張之公民參與方式運用於基地台架設之可行性。 本研究發現：各個基地台風險行動者對於風險感知態度及環境安全值大小存有重大落差，學者專家間也呈現莫衷一是的現象。而政府在風險溝通上一味強調安全標準數據、以依法行政原則的僵化回應，致使風險承受者的權益被隱沒忽視，顯見「技術專家途徑」式的風險溝通嚴重失靈，民眾對政府普遍不信任。而基地台的架設程序上地方政府被剝奪參與權、鄰近民眾完全無置喙餘地，此行動慣性於開放大量建設初期就已形成，雖各方呼籲應納入利害關係人之參與，然憲法與電信上位政策的因循舊例、NCC身兼發展電信之角色困境及缺乏小型公民參與前例可循等因素，皆不利於推行基地台架設程序之公民參與。 本研究建議：1.政府應成立專責部門做風險溝通，以改變「技術專家途徑」式的風險溝通。2.督促業者善盡企業社會責任－包括：公開基地台的設置地點、賦予業者擔負風險溝通的主要責任、督促對社區或鄰近居民之有效回饋、對業者徵收特定基金作風險管理等。3.政府的風險管理角色應分工清楚：由環保署受理環境電磁波之量測、由國民健康局加強健康風險溝通，以避免核發執照之NCC球員兼裁判之嫌。4.應仿效國外天線壁掛與美化方式，跨部會協商以克服多年法規障礙。最後，本文建議應把握NCC委員合議制之契機，針對個案進行公民參與實驗，其結論或多元意見報告可作為委員會決定基地台架設許可之准駁參考，以逐步趨近環境之審議民主。Both the mobile phone penetration rate and subscribe growing rate of Taiwan have been soaring high since the initiate of free competition in telecommunications market in 1998, and the number of licenses of mobile phone base station issued by government has increased to 43 thousands by the end of 2009 accordingly. The public concerns about the effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted from mobile phone base station have risen simultaneously. With the growing popularity of 3G, 3.5G and 4G mobile communications, NIMBY complaint letters sent to the public sector are expected to be increased more. This study first reviews the historical and local context of the NIMBY phenomenon, and then explores the causes of the over years’ failure of government on EMF risk communications. Finally, we will analysis the feasibility of adopting the way of citizen participation over the base station set up procedure. This study founds: On the EMF NIMBY issue, there are significant opinion gaps between the various actors toward risk perceptions and residential EMF exposure limits. Government officials used to emphasize that the measured data is in line with safety norms, rigidly responded to people with the according-to-the-law principle, which led the rights of risk withstands ignored. Local governments and nearby inhabitants were fully deprived of their right to participate the base station set up procedures. Although all parties call that the participation of stakeholders should be included, however: 1. The Constitution and upper telecommunication policy follow the old cases. 2. The paradox of NCC being the institute to develop telecommunication and the authority to deal with NIMBY. 3 The lack of citizen participation in a similar precedent to follow, make the implementation of citizen participation in base station setting up procedures quite difficult. This study suggests: 1. Dedicated department like PR should be set up inside each EMF NIMBY related sectors to do risk communicating jobs, in order to change the old "technocratic approach" way of risk communication. 2. Urge operators to take social responsibility, such as setting up specific funds for EMF risk management. 3. The Government''s jobs on risk management should be divided: by the EPA to accept the EMF measurement requirements, by the Bureau of Health Promotion to deal with the health concerns of EMF, in order to avoid the NCC being the role of both player and referee. 4. Follow the example of the antenna mounted on the wall of foreign to lower visual impact, cross-agencies integration should be done to overcome regulatory obstacles for many years. Finally, this study points out that collegiate system of NCC is a great opportunity for implementing citizen participation, which will respond to all parties call for closer to deliberative democrac

Influence of Impurity on Surface Morphology and Growth Kinetics of a Lysozyme Crystal

采用相差显微镜研究了两种杂质蛋白(荧光标记的溶菌酶和商品溶菌酶中的杂质)对四方溶菌酶晶体表面形貌、{110}和{101}表面生长速度以及{110}面台阶生长动力学的影响.杂质会影响晶体表面二维生长岛的形貌,并显著降低晶体{110}和{101}面法向生长速度.杂质会显著降低{110}表面台阶的生长速度,且对方向速度的抑制效果显著强于方向.根据切向台阶速度和过饱和度的关系,计算得到了台阶动力学系数β和台阶的有效表面能及棱边自由能

Physical Fitness Conditioning and Related factors of Freshmen at NTCN

[[abstract]]This study examines the factors between athletic behavior and conditioning, knowledge and conception for Physical fitness. Freshmen university students at the National Taipei Nursing College formed the control group. The method for assembling information included a questionnaire and physical force testing. Analytical results indicated that 18.7% of subjects consider their health worse than others their age. There is near one (＞0.6) health problem on each participant. For female university freshmen, the physical fitness test, muscular endurance and flexibility are lower than the average value for 19-23 year old female university students in Taiwan. In addition, the knowledge, conception and behavior for physical fitness was nearly normal and of average value. Particularly in the high-risk group for exercise deficiency are the students from Department of Nursing, Department of Infant and Child Care, whose friends exercise less. Based on our results, a promotional program for physical fitness has been developed. The program is designed by the following conception and strategy: (1). applying the monitor by oneself, (2). fostering the culture of sport in campus, (3). enforcing the conception and behavior of physical fitness, and (4). achieving the goal of normal physical education teaching