Research on the application of the vocabulary in Kaiming Mandarin Textbook

《开明国语课本》是民国时期比较有代表性的国语教科书，2005年被上海文献出版社以“旧书新读”的形式出版以后，受到了社会的广泛关注。这样一套既有时代代表性又在当代备受关注的国语教材是非常具有语言学研究价值的。 我们采用《中国语言生活状况》中的调查研究方法，对教材课文文本进行分字分词统计：一方面对民国初小国语教材的字词使用状况进行调查，另一方面也对民国初小国语教育状况进行探究。参照当下的主流教材，可以窥见国语教材语言和初级教育的百年变迁。 论文共六个章节，除去第一章绪论和第六章结语以外，其他四章是论文的主体，其主要内容分别是： 第二章：通过调查，我们发现《开明国语课本》的用字基本稳定，识字量...Kaiming Mandarin Textbook, one of the most representative Mandarin Textbook in Minguo Period, becomes so concentrated after its publishment in the name of “Old Books, New Knowledge” by Shanghai Science & Technology Literature Press in 2005. It is of great linguistic value to explore such a mandarin textbook which is both representative in its time and appealing in nowadays. In order to sort out t...学位：文学硕士院系专业：人文学院_语言学及应用语言学学号：1022010115222

苯氧异丁酸类化合物的合成及其体外抗糖尿病活性(英文)

目的设计及合成新型苯氧异丁酸类抗糖尿病化合物。方法关键步骤采用亲核取代反应或M itsunobu缩合反应把亲脂性片段和酸性片段连接成一体,共合成了8个新目标物。用核磁共振、红外、质谱进行结构确认。结果体外胰岛素增敏活性测试(3T3-L1脂肪细胞)结果显示,分别将罗格列酮、吡格列酮、目标物A和B加入已经存在胰岛素抵抗脂肪细胞培养液中,用GOD-POD方法分析得到上清液葡萄糖浓度分别为5.942,6.339,6.226和6.512mmol.L-1。结论目标物A在胰岛素抵抗实验(3T3-L1脂肪细胞)中抗糖尿病活性介于市售PPARγ激动剂罗格列酮和吡格列酮之间,而目标物B的活性略低于吡格列酮

集美大学2002级福建籍新生肝炎感染现状

目的　了解集美大学 2 0 0 2级福建籍新生甲、乙、戊 3型肝炎感染情况。方法　采用血清流行病学调查方法。结果　学生中抗HAV -IgG ,HBsAg和抗HEV -IgG阳性率分别为 77.0 8% ,1 5 .2 3 % ,1 7.1 5 % ,地区差异明显 ;HAV ,HEV无性别差异 ,而HBV以男性为高 ;农村HAV和HBV感染率均高于城镇 ,而HEV感染率无城乡差别。结论　应该加强对本地区大学生的甲、乙肝预防 ,急需研究出一种有效的戊肝疫

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and phylogenetic analysis of HBV S gene among high school students

目的了解江苏省海门市高中生乙型肝炎感染情况及其HbV S基因的变异情况。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取江苏省海门市职业中心校的407名高三学生进行乙肝血清学调查;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ElISA)和巢氏聚合酶链式反应(PCr)扩增方法检测血清样本的乙型肝炎表面抗原(HbSAg)、乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体(抗-HbS)和乙型肝炎病毒(HbV)S基因并进行进化分析。结果 407名高中生中乙肝表面抗原(HbSAg)阳性率为6.39%;在家中、乡镇卫生院和县级及以上医院出生学生的HbSAg阳性率分别为11.76%、8.02%和2.27%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抗-HbS滴度≥10u/l者占72.5%,且呈u形分布;不同乡镇、不同性别学生抗-HbS滴度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);407名高中生HbV S基因均为C基因型,主要变异在蛋白疏水区,抗原决定簇A区未发生免疫原性改变。结论出生时接受的医疗水平对HbV感染有影响;海门市高中生HbV S基因受到正选择作用而出现变异,但未发生免疫原性改变。Objective To understand the hepatitis B infection and HBV S gene variation among high school students in Haimen city,Jiangsu province.Methods A serological survey of hepatitis B was conducted in a high school with cluster sampling method.HBsAg and anti-HBs were detected with ELISA,and phylogenetic analysis for HBV S gene with nested PCR.Results HBsAg positive rate was 6.39% and the rate for the students born at home,township health centers,and hospital above the county level was 11.76%,8.02%,and 2.27%,respectively,with significant difference(P<0.05).The percentage of the students with anti-HBs titer ≥ 10U/l was 72.5%,and the titer distribution was U-shaped.The difference in anti-HBs titer between boys and girls,as well as different towns,was statistically significant(P<0.01).All genotype of HBV S gene was C-type,and the main variation was in protein hydrophobic area.The change of immunogenicity in antigenic determinant "a" zone was not observed.Conclusion The level of health care at birth can affect the HBV infection among high school students in Haimen.S gene variation occurs through positive selection,but not antigenicity.国家科技支撑计划(2006BAI02A03);传染病重大专项(2008ZX10002-012);上海市重点学科项目(B118

与南海西边界流有关的区域海洋学进展

从动力学角度,回顾了与南海西部主流系及其涡旋研究有关的南海物理海洋学的进展.主要内容涉及南海西边界流漂流浮标观测、西边界流源区涡旋遥感观测、西边界流源区跨陆架交换、涡流相互作用、西边界流年际变化、西边界流区海气相互作用、南海贯穿流等方面的进展.西边界流是一个强流系,其与季节和年际变化相关的结构特征、变率及跟某些动力过程的关联有待研究.在西边界流变率、涡旋环流相互作用、海气过程以及南海贯穿流取得了以下成果:(1)利用漂流浮标观测样本对南海西边界环流进行分析,指出南海西边界表层环流在到达越南中部沿岸后伴随着流幅变窄的同时流速加强;探讨了南海北部环流变化机理,定量诊断南海西边界流北支冬季逆风流产生的动力机制;利用航次数据对18°n断面的经向地转流进行诊断,表明南海西边界流的经向输送年际变化明显;(2)结合航次观测数据,对2003/2004年冬季南海北部2个反气旋涡旋和2007年夏季18°n附近的3个反气旋涡旋进行研究,指出冬季2个涡旋产生后以罗斯贝(rOSSby)波速度(约0.1M/S)沿北部陆坡向西南方向传播,并初步揭示了南海西边界环流与夏季3个涡旋的相互作用;南海北部陆架区涡旋西南向传播最大(最大为0.09M/S),而越南以东海域涡动能(EkE)最大,这都说明涡旋活动与南海西边界流存在强的相互作用;(3)发现南海西边界流附近海表面温度(SST)强的季节内振荡特征,进一步研究表明此区域冬季SST季节内变化会使潜热季节内信号减弱20%;(4)探讨了南海贯穿流的长期变化特征以及与整个太平洋环流系统的相互关联.国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830851); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB403504); 中国科学院近海海洋观测研究网络——西沙南沙海洋观测研究站建设项目(KZCX2-EW-Y040)资

中国物理海洋学研究70年：发展历程、学术成就概览

本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团,以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强,研究领域不断拓展,涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果,其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的"普遍风浪谱"和"涌浪谱",发展了第三代海浪数值模式;提出了"准调和分析方法"和"潮汐潮流永久预报"等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法;发现并命名了"棉兰老潜流",揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等,系统描述了太平洋西边界流系;提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流);不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统,在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流,以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识;从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结;发展了浅海水团的研究方法,基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制,在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献;阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制,揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构,定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力;基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征,提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制;构建了"南海内波潜标观测网",实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识;发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论,提出了海流"边缘不稳定"的概念,开发了海洋湍流模式,提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等;在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识,并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响;研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式,推出一系列海洋与气候模式;发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统;建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模型实验平台;发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法,建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系,揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应;初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网;持续开展南北极调查研究;建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统,为中国气象减灾提供保障;突破了国外的海洋技术封锁,研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器;建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型,为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示,经过70年的发展,中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍,这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军

The landscape evolution and land development process in the alluvial oasis at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain: a case study of oasis in Sangong river watershed

针对干旱区内陆河流域水资源的有限性，以及绿洲水土资源的不平衡导致的荒漠化严重发生的现实情况，本文从景观生态学的综合研究出发，综合应用景观格局分析方法、GIS、RS和地统计、统计等手段，以三工河流域绿洲区为例，重点讨论了流域尺度和典型灌区尺度上的绿洲景观演化及其土地开发过程，并在此基础上构建了人工绿洲发育度评价体系，对研究区人工绿洲发育演化状态进行了综合评价，从而揭示人为活动作用下绿洲演化过程，深入了解景观格局与绿洲生态过程的相互作用机制，从而为土地管理部门合理的土地利用规划以及建立荒漠化防止模式提供理论基础。主要研究成果： 1.人为土地开发作用的加强，增加了景观的多样性，同时加剧景观破碎化，区域景观斑块由自然景观类型中的草地景观类型为主导，转变为人工景观中的耕地景观类型。由于区域耕地的增加，从而引发对水资源需求的加大，造成人为进行水利建设作用加强，水资源条件的变化对景观演变具有一定的推动作用，并且在人为社会与经济活动作用下，加快了区域景观演化过程。 2.流域尺度上，土壤表层0～20cm土壤盐分在1.5~15km的中尺度上，具有强的空间变异性和自相关性，整个绿洲区南部老绿洲土壤盐化面积及作用小于北部新绿洲，耕地景观类型的盐化作用及其面积强于其他景观类型，新绿洲盐化面积高于老绿洲，新绿洲耕地中有38.81％土地面积受盐害作用，而老绿洲仅为8.54％，并且在流域空间上，土壤盐分运移具有明显的滞留和迁移特征，在绿洲上部（冰湖水库以上）为绿洲下游区域盐分的汇集发生源 ；在灌区单元上，无论是阜康灌区还是阜北灌区，景观类型变化在结构、数量和空间分布上具有强的变化特征，各种景观类型的空间转移剧烈，研究区在绿洲化进程的同时，荒漠化作用也在加重，并且绿洲化作用高于荒漠化作用。在阜康灌区，区域灌溉具有明显的洗盐作用；在阜北灌区，水库输水灌溉是引发区域地下水位抬升的直接因素，间接导致土壤盐渍化程度的加重，在长时间范围，土壤盐渍化依旧是制约阜北灌区耕地生产力的一个负面因素。 3.流域尺度上，土壤有机碳主要发布在4.5-6g/kg和10.5-12g/kg范围中，阜康绿洲区土壤有机碳含量明显要高于阜北绿洲区。平均有机碳含量耕地景观类型含量最高，其次为草地景观类型，最低的为裸地，并且单位面积土壤有机碳储量阜康绿洲最高，流域绿洲次之，最小的为阜北绿洲，并且耕地与草地景观类型土壤有机碳储量所占的比重最大，耕地景观类型土壤有机碳储量最高。在灌区尺度上，无论是阜北灌区还是阜康灌区，在区域人为土地利用的过程中，土壤有机碳趋向于散失过程。 4.人为土地利用的格局改变，在改善区域土壤的结构起到积极的作用。土地退化主要分布在北部靠近沙漠区，沿沙漠区向绿洲内部表现为土地退化的程度降低，土地质量的提高主要发生在土地质量差的区域，土地质量的下降主要发生在土地质量高的区域。 5.基于42项绿洲景观结构、绿洲植被生态建设、水资源利用程度、绿洲生产力水平、社会经济状况、绿洲土壤结构、绿洲能值特征和绿洲水利工程建设水平构建了人工绿洲发育度评价体系，运用因子分析法得出研究区绿洲演化状态，阜康绿洲为较高开发程度下的绿洲，阜北绿洲为潜在开发程度下的绿洲，三工河流域绿洲整体为弱开发程度下的绿洲。The study mainly aims at the status of limited water resources in the continental river watershed of arid area and imbalance of water-soil resources in oasis to result in land desertification. The study is directed by landscape ecology as a basal theory, using the methods of landscape pattern analysis，GIS，RS，statistics and geostatistics, the process of land use and oasis landscape evolution are studied at watershed scale and irrigation region scale. The artificial oasis maturity assessment indicator system and calculation criteria for indicators are also put forward and developed, based on oasis maturity theory, and the status of artificial oasis maturity and evolution for different oasis region in Sangong river watershed was then carried out in order to open out the process of oasis evolution by human activities and to realize the interaction between landscape pattern and oasis ecology process. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for land resources administration to mange and program land use. The main results are as follows, 1.The change of landscape pattern induced by the increasing intensity of land exploitation in human activities is a key factor that results in the increasing of landscape diversity and the fractionizing of the landscape. The main landscape patch type changed from grassland in nature landscape type to cropland in artificial landscape type. Due to increasing area of cropland, more water resources are demand which caused to enforce construction in irrigation works. The change of condition of water resources promoted the oasis landscape evolution, and the process of landscape evolution in region can be quick by the action of society and economy activities. 2.At watershed scale, soil salinity in topsoil (0-20cm) shows the great spatial variability and spatial autocorrelation at 1.5-15km scale. Results of mapping of soil salinity by Kriging and comparison it with landscape maps showing that area of soil salinization in old oasis is smaller than in new oasis, and degree of soil salinization in old oasis is lower. Also, area of cropland with soil salinity is larger than other landscape types, 38.8% of cropland in new oasis is the moderate affected by salinity, only 8.54% in old oasis. A clear characteristic of soil salinity transfer and sinks is the source of soil salinity in oasis of lower watershed come from the sink of soil salinity in oasis of upper watershed (upper oasis of Binhu reservoir). At irrigation region scale, whatever Fukang oasis or Fubei oasis, the change of landscape types in landscape structure, number, and spatial distribution is obvious, transition area of landscape type each other was mainly taking place. The process of oasisization is more intense than desertification both the process of oasiszation and desertification. There was a clear process of washing salt in soil by transmission of irrigation water in Fukang oasis. Agricultural irrigation by water from reservoir was main factor directly to cause the shallow groundwater table rising, then indirectly to lead to soil salinisation, and in a long time, soil salinity was a bad factor to limit production of cropland in Fubei oasis. 3.At watershed scale, SOC distributed the range of 4.5~6g/kg and 10.5~12g/kg, index of SOC was higher in Fukang oasis than in Fubei oasis. Average of SOC sequestration and the ratio of SOC sequestration were highest in cropland patch type, the following in grassland, lowest in bald land. Per area of SOC sequestration: Fukang oasis > Sangong river watershed oasis > Fubei oasis. At irrigation region scale，whatever Fukang oasis and Fubei oasis, SOC is a trend of lose in the process of land use by human activities. 4.Human activities are the major driving forces in ameliorating the soil properties under the change of landscape pattern in agricultural oasis induced by human activities, and the degree of land degradation was higher in the region adjacent to desert than that further inside the oasis. Ameliorative of land quality is in regions of bad land quality, while land degradation is in regions of good land quality. 5.Based on 42 the oasis maturity indicators relating to oasis landscape structure, vegetation ecology construction, oasis production level, social economic level, oasis soil structure, oasis emergy characteristic, and hydro-engineering construction level, the artificial oasis maturity assessment system was constructed. And the artificial oasis maturity index was finally figured out in different oasis region by the factor analysis method. The result show that Fukang oasis is a high developed agricultural oasis, Fubei oasis is a potential developed agricultural oasis, Entire oasis in Sangong river watershed is a lower or not fully developed agricultural oasis

Interpretation of the Vulgarized Writing in the Ming Novel “The Complete Biography of Dotdot”

文章对明清写本小说《唐三藏出身全传》中的难解字进行释读,参照已有字书并结合其他的一些文字书写现象,试图对近代的汉字俗化规律进行总结。这对还原近代文献的真实面貌和近代汉语研究具有积极意义。the paper makes an interpretation of the difficult words in "The Complete Biography of Dotdot" written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It tries to summarize the regular pattern of the vulgarization of Chinese characters in modern times through studying some books and other character written phenomenon,which has a positive meaning in restoring real faces of the modern literature and promoting the research of modern Chinese

Improved multi-classification algorithm of one-against-one SVM

支持向量机的一对一多分类算法具有良好的性能,但该算法在分类时存在不可分区域,影响了该方法的应用。因此,提出一种一对一与基于紧密度判决相结合的多分类方法,使用一对一算法分类,采用基于紧密度决策解决不可分区,依据样本到类中心之间的距离和基于kNN(k nearest neighbor)的样本分布情况结合的方式构建判别函数来确定类别归属。使用UCI(university of California Irvine)数据集做测试,测试结果表明,该算法能有效地解决不可分区域问题,而且表现出比其它算法更好的性能