地方政府环境规制悖论的成因及其治理

改革开放以来,我国的经济发展带来了诸多环境问题,环境规制作为社会性规制的主要内容日益受到学界和政府部门的关注。地方政府环境规制悖论意指地方政府面临发展经济和环境规制之间的目标冲突和行为困境,它不同于规制俘获理论中的规制者被俘获,是规制者在更为严重意义上的主动就范。地方政府环境规制悖论的外在表现为:环境问题引发的突发事件增多,地方政府间环境规制"竞争到底"现象,"环境保护"异化为"污染保护"。而形成地方政府环境规制悖论的内在成因是:地方政府经济增长目标的凸显,环境规制机构职能的混杂,环境问题的隐性外部性。治理地方政府环境规制悖论的机制是:优化地方政府目标转化的制度环境,完善地方政府环境规制的法律法规,多样化环境规制政策的综合实施,明晰地方环境规制机构的职能边界,强化地方政府环境规制的协同治理。国家自然科学基金面上项目“作为一种国家治理新方式的合约制:机制设计与有效性检验”(71473210

Some issues about the impacts of sea level rise on mangroves in China

海平面上升对分布在海岸交错带的红树林有着直接的影响。温度、波浪与潮汐、底质与盐度等因素控制着红树林的分布。海平面上升引起潮汐浸淹程度增加影响红树林在潮滩上的横向分布,红树林向陆地一侧迁移。在中国,海平面上升与海堤的阻隔共同威胁着红树林的生存,红树林主要分布地的小潮差增加了红树林对海平面上升的敏感性。中国红树林对海平面上升异常敏感。目前国内关于海平面上升对红树林影响的研究主要存在的问题是:缺乏从红树林群落结构角度研究海平面上升与海堤对红树林的影响,红树林地面高程变化研究薄弱,亟需建立一个红树林应对海平面上升的监测网络——地面高程水平标志层监测网络。It is universally acknowledged that global average sea level is rising and mangroves existing in coastal zones would suffer disturbance of sea level rise.Distributions of mangroves are controlled by main factors including temperature,wave,tide,substrate and salinity.Increased inundation caused by sea level rise would impact the transverse distribution of mangroves on the tidal flat,and mangroves are obliged to transgress inland.In China,sea level rise together with seawalls is threatening the survival of mangroves and small tidal range increases the susceptibility of mangroves to sea level rise.Mangroves of China are extremely sensitive to sea level rise.Presently,there exist several problems about the impacts of sea level rise on mangroves of China.(1) Little research concentrates on the impacts of sea level rise and seawalls on mangroves from the perspective of mangrove community structure.(2) Changes of mangrove ground elevation are poorly understood,which are usually compared with local rises in sea level to predict the effects of sea level rise on mangroves.(3) A monitoring network based on surface elevation table-marker horizon system is urgently needed to observe how mangroves of China respond to sea level rise.国家自然科学基金项目(41276076)资

Correlation between use of social software and high risk behaviors of HIV infection among MSM in Beijing

目的了解北京市男男性行为者（MSM）社交软件的使用与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染及其影响因素的相关性,为今后干预工作提供依据。方法 2016年3—5月,由社区小组招募MSM进行问卷调查,同时进行HIV抗体检测。结果共招募215名MSM,回收有效问卷214份。214人的平均年龄为30.8岁;学历在大专及以上者占73.4%;同性恋者占72.4%;84.6%的人主要通过社交软件寻找性伴。214人中确证HIV感染5人,阳性率为2.3%。分析显示,是否使用社交软件、是否使用同性社交软件和是否使用普通人群社交软件均与HIV感染不相关。多因素分析结果显示,受教育程度高、性取向为同性恋的人更多地使用同性社交软件。63.1%被调查者自述曾经在社交软件上了解到艾滋病防治相关知识,但自述了解程度与是否通过社交软件获得相关信息不相关。结论 MSM社交软件的使用与HIV感染情况无关,也没有增加其对艾滋病知识的了解。但可以考虑改进同性社交软件功能,增加艾滋病防治知识内容,对MSM尤其是高学历、自我定位为同性恋的MSM进行艾滋病防治宣传。[Objective] To understand the correlation between the use of social software and human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection and its influencing factors among men who have sex with men（MSM）in Beijing,provide the basis for future intervention work.[Methods]From May to March in 2016,MSM was recruited by community groups to carry out a questionnaire survey and HIV antibody of them was detected.[Results]A total of 215 MSM were recruited and 214 valid questionnaires were recovered. The average age of the 214 MSM was 30.8 years old,73.4% had the education level in college and above,the homosexuals accounted for 72.4%,and84.6% of the respondents mainly found sexual partners through the social software. There were 5 cases of confirmed HIV infection among 214 MSM with the positive rate of 2.3%. The analysis revealed that whether the respondents use the social software,the homosexual social software and the general social software were not related to HIV infection. The results of multivariate analysis showed that people with higher educational level and homosexual orientation were more likely to use the homosexual social software. 63.1% of respondents reported that they had been obtained the knowledge of AIDS prevention and control from social software,but the understanding level was not related to whether the relevant information was obtained through social software or not.[Conclusion]The use of social software has no correlation with HIV infection among MSM,and does not increase their knowledge level of AIDS prevention and control. However,it is necessary to improve the function of the homosexual social software and increase the content of AIDS prevention and control knowledge to carry out the AIDS education among MSM,especially those with higher educational level and homosexual orientation

SPATIAL PLANNING: GOVERNMENT AND MARKET

王富海(中国城市规划学会理事,学会学术工作委员会副主任委员,深圳市蕾奥城市规划设计咨询有限公司董事长,教授级高级城市规划师,本论坛主持人):多年来,我国城乡规划的创新与改革一直在进行当中。"新常态"形势的到来令其由过去的"量变积累"走到了"质变突破"的关口,为此,业界围绕变革已经进行了多角度、多路径的探讨。党的十八届三中全会提出了"建立空间规

塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程的综合生态环境效应

为了探讨重大工程的生态环境效应,从风沙环境、土壤环境、小气候、生物多样性和地下水环境5个方面对塔里木沙漠公路防护林工程的综合生态环境效应进行了研究.结果表明:(1)防护林改变了近地表风沙运动过程,防沙体系内风速、输沙率降低幅度分别达64%~80%和87.45%~99.02%,风沙流结构、沙物质粒度、地表蚀积状况也发生了明显变化;(2)与自然流沙地相比,防护林土壤容重减小,全盐含量、总孔隙度和含水量增大,土壤肥力质量明显提高,其变化基本呈现"先快后慢"的规律;(3)防护林对于小环境改善作用明显,距地面6m范围内,林地不同高度的空气温度普遍低于自然流沙地,而空气湿度则高于自然流沙地,林地土壤温度也低于自然流沙地;(4)随着防护林内生境的变化,土壤微生物种类显著增加,但不同种类微生物的种群分布并不均匀;(5)目前防护林灌溉抽水对地下水位、地下水矿化度的影响不大,水位在厘米级范围波动,矿化度的变化幅度在±1g·L-1左右,且没有明显的变化趋势

对立定跳远训练方法的研究

本文通过对大、中、小学5个年龄段男女近450名学生的13个运动项目成绩和立定跳远成绩进行测试,找出与立定跳远成绩相关性较大运动项目,从而制定较科学的训练方法,提高学生的立定跳远成绩

“建筑适应性”主题沙龙

"地域建筑"是当下建筑学界共同尊重的准则,但这一术语的过度使用,也使得其内涵在当代建筑创作中逐渐模糊。本期沙龙主题"建筑适应性",是对"地域建造"这一命题的具体化。"适度"的"适应"是当下应当倡导的地域建筑设计创作原则。"建筑适应性"中的"适应",强调对历史文脉与所处环境的积极回应,研究建筑与环境之间的复杂应答关联;除此,"建筑适应性"还强调对经济、技术、材料的"适度

Chemical constituents and cytotoxicity assay research in small polar substances from Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana

该文对小叶山葡萄地上部分化学成分进行了研究,运用硅胶柱色谱,OdS中低压柱色谱,SEPHAdEX lH-20凝胶柱色谱,分析型和制备型HPlC从小叶山葡萄60%乙醇提取物大孔树脂95%乙醇-水洗脱部位分离得到12个化合物,利用高分辨质谱,核磁共振等波谱手段鉴定其结构分别为:(1)bETulInIC ACId,(2)2,2,2'-bIS(4-HydrOXyPHEnyl)PrOPAnE bIS(2,3-EPOXyPrOPyl)ETHEr,(3)ErIOdICTyOl,(4)TrAnS-ε-VInIfErIn,(5)(+)-CIS-ε-VInIfErIn,(6)kObOPHEnOl A,(7)AMPElOPSIn A,(8)nEPAlEnHEnOl,(9)CIS-MIyAbEnOl C,(10)CIS-VITISIn b,(11)CIS-gnETIn H和(12)(+)-HOPEAPHEnOl。化合物2,5,6,8,9,10,11均为首次从为葡萄属中分离得到的化合物,化合物3,7,12为首次从小叶山葡萄中分离得到的化合物。在作用浓度为50μMOl·l-1下,化合物6,7和11对MCf-7(乳腺癌细胞株)具有较明显的体外生长抑制作用,其抑制率分别为66.58%,57.16%,52.84%。This article studied the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Vitis thunbergii var.taiwaniana.The 60% ethanol extract was eluted with 95% ethanol though HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column.12 compounds,including( 1) betulinic acid,( 2) 2,2,2'-bis( 4-hydroxyphenyl) propane bis( 2,3-epoxypropyl) ether,( 3) eriodictyol,( 4) trans-ε-viniferin,( 5)( +)-cis-ε-viniferin,( 6) kobophenol A,( 7) ampelopsin A,( 8) nepalensinol B,( 9) cis-miyabenol C,( 10) cis-vitisin B,( 11) cis-gnetin H and( 12)( +)-hopeaphenol,were separated by using normal phase silica gel,ODS,Sephdadex LH-20 column chromatographies and semi-preparative or preparative HPLC.Compounds 2,5,6,8,9,10,11 were separated from the genus Vitis for the first time and compounds 3,7,12 were separated from Vitis thunbergii var.taiwaniana for the first time.At a concentration of 50 μmol·L-1,compound6,7 and 11 showed strong cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines with the inhibition rate of 66.58%,57.16%,52.84%,respectively.国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81202419