Synchrotron radiation based nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy:Introduction

核共振振动能谱学(简称核振能谱)是一种以同步辐射为实验基础的新型的振动能谱学方法。与红外、拉曼等传统的振动光谱学方法相比,核振能谱在理论上和实验上具有一系列突出的特点和优越性,从而在各学科,特别是在铁基化学和铁基生物化学的研究中有着广泛的应用。文章分为上下两篇,上篇介绍核振能谱的基本概念、基本理论、实验方法和实验条件等基础内容,并以简单的四氯化铁离子([fECl4]-)为例,演示由原始核振能谱到振动态密度函数(PVdOS)的分析流程。在选材上,文章侧重先进性、代表性和实用性;在叙述上,考虑到非同步辐射专业研究者的阅读需要,文章突出实验科学和应用科学的内容,力求简单明了、通俗易懂。下篇将系统介绍该能谱学方法在化学与生物化学中的应用实例。Nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy(NRVS) is a synchrotron radiation based and relatively new vibrational spectroscopy.It has great potential in studying iron-specific chemistry and biochemistry due to its theoretical and experimental advantages compared with traditional Fourier transform infrared and resonant Raman spectroscopy.This article is divided into two parts, with the second part to appear in the next issue.In this issue, we will introduce the basic concepts and theory of NRVS, as well as its experimental methods and instruments.The procedure to obtain the partial vibrational density of states(PVDOS) from a raw NRVS spectrum will also be illustrated using the simple chemical ion [FeCl4]-as an example.The topics are selected according to their novelty, relevance and practical applications, and the discussions are organized for easy comprehension by nonspecialists.In the next issue, we will focus on the chemical and biochemical applications of NRVS

Synchrotron radiation based nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy:Applications

文章上篇介绍了核共振振动能谱学的基础理论和实验方法。本篇将着重介绍其在铁基化学和铁基生物化学研究中的应用实例:首先讨论单铁玉红氧还蛋白溶液样品和晶体样品的核振能谱以及它们的对比情况;然后由简入繁,系统地叙述核振能谱学方法在铁硫蛋白、氢化酶、固氮酶等一系列重要的以铁硫为基础的多铁蛋白研究中的应用和相关的研究成果;作为非铁硫类蛋白的代表,作者也简述了一氧化碳肌红蛋白的核振能谱。以上述实例为基础,本篇最后综述了该能谱方法在理论上和实验上突出的优越性和它在国内外的发展前景。In the article in the last issue(Part 1), we discussed the theoretical concept and experimental aspects of nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy(NRVS).In this issue, we will focus on its practical applications in iron-specific chemistry and biochemistry.As an introduction, the NRVS techniques for solution and crystal samples of single iron rubredoxin are first described and compared.Then the recent research results of multi-iron iron-sulfur proteins such as ferredoxins,hydrogenases and nitrogenases are discussed in detail.As an example of non-iron-sulfur proteins,carbon monoxide bound myoglobin is also presented.Based on the above examples, the theoretical and experimental advantages and potential of NRVS are reviewed, and its future prospects at home and abroad are discussed.美国国家卫生研究院基金会; 美国科学基金会; 美国能源部科学基金

基于深度神经网络的布鲁氏菌病风险预测模型的构建和验证

目的采用深度神经网络算法构建布鲁氏菌病预测模型，提升布鲁氏菌病的早期发现效能。方法纳入2023年呼市职业病防治院收治的202例布鲁氏菌病患者与 319例非布鲁氏菌病患者的临床资料，从中提取性别、年龄、血常规指标及临床诊断等数据进行分析。通过深度神经网络算法构建布鲁氏菌病预测模型，并通过十折交叉验证进行模型优化。模型性能评估指标包括灵敏度、假阴性率、特异度、假阳性率、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、F1分数、受试者工作特征曲线下面积（AUC）。经评估筛选出的最优模型，借助沙普利可加性解释 （SHAP）方法进行解释，明确模型的决策逻辑与各特征的影响机制。结果数据可视化分析显示，布病组与非布病组数据差异不明显。经十折交叉验证筛选出最优模型展现出良好性能，灵敏度为85.3%、特异度为92.1%、准确率为89.5%、AUC为96.6%，95% CI（0.937，0.977）。SHAP方法解释模型发现年龄、血小板计数、血小板平均体积、嗜碱性粒细胞比例、红细胞分布宽度和绝对嗜碱细胞数，对布病发生具有显著影响。结论本研究构建的深度神经网络预测模型性能良好，能为布病早期诊断与防控提供可靠支持。同时，明确布病相关显著影响特征有助于进一步认识疾病发病机制，该模型未来有望在临床广泛推广

Effects of tributyltin on antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in the gill of hard clam Meretrix meretrix

在实验室条件下,观察质量浓度分别为高、中、低(0·1,1,10ng·L-1(以Sn计))3组的三丁基锡(TBT)暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7d和20d后对文蛤鳃的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响.结果显示,除了高浓度TBT(10ng·L-1)暴露在早期(2d)对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性产生抑制之外,TBT暴露对GSH含量、GST和CAT活性的作用主要为诱导效应.在暴露8d后,MDA的含量表现出显著的诱导.恢复7d后除了高浓度组对MDA还有影响外,其它各指标均恢复到与对照组相当的水平.结果表明,环境水平的TBT暴露对文蛤产生明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化防御系统可以作为海洋环境有机锡污染监测的潜在的生物标志物.The effects on catalase (CAT), glutathione -S-transferase(GST) activities and content of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) in the gill of Meretrix meretrix were evaluated, after it had exposed to tributyltin (TBT) at environmental levels (0.1, 1, 10 ng·L -1 as Sn) for 2, 8, 20 days and recovered for 7, 20 days, in experimental condition. The results showed that the activities of GST and CAT and GSH content in Meretrix meretrix exposed to TBT were principally induced, except that were mainly inhibited in the clams exposed to 10 ng·L -1 for 2 days. MDA content were significantly induced after exposure for 8d. After the clams had been transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 days, the indexes were recovered to the level corresponding to the control group, except MDA content in the clams exposed to 10 ng·L -1 was sequentially induced. These results in the present work showed that oxidative stress in Meretrix meretrix would be produced by exposure to TBT at realistic levels in the environment. The antioxidant defense systems could act as biomarkers to monitor marine contamination of organotins.厦门大学细胞生物学与肿瘤细胞工程教育部重点实验室开放基金(No.2004109)~

Effects of tributyltin on alkaline phosphatase,aaciphosphatase andadenosine triphosphatase gill activity of digestive gland in clam Meretrix meretrix

在实验生态条件下,观察浓度分别为0.1、1.0和10ng/L的三丁基锡(TBT)暴露2、8、20d以及恢复7d和20d后对文蛤鳃酸性磷酸酶(aaciphosphatase,ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,AKP)以及Na+,K+-ATPase活性的影响。结果显示在暴露早期TBT不影响ACP、AKP活性,暴露时间延长则主要表现出诱导作用。TBT具有抑制Na+、K+-ATPase活性作用,可观察效应浓度为0.1ng/L。Na+、K+-ATPase可作为一种潜在的有机锡污染监测的生物标志物。The effects on alkaline phosphatase, aaciphosphatase and Na~+K~+-ATPase activities in the gill of Meretrix meretrix, which was exposed to tributyltin (TBT) at the environmental levels (0.1ng/L, 1.0ng/L, 10ng/L as Sn) for 2, 8, 20 days and recovered for 7, 20 days, were evaluated. The results showed that the activities of alkaline phosphatase, aaciphosphatase were no effect at earlier exposure period, and were principally inducted with prolonged exposure time. The activities of Na~+,K~+-ATPase in Meretrix meretrix were inhibited after exposure to TBT. The lowest observable effect concentration for Na~+K~+-ATP were 0.1 ng /L. Na~+,K~+-ATPase could be a potential biomarkers to monitor the organotins pollution.厦门大学细胞生物学与肿瘤细胞工程教育部重点实验室开放基金资助(2004109

北京語言大学における対外国人中国語教授法のノウハウ

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南极微藻适应低温的研究进展

从细胞膜成分的改变与细胞质中无机离子含量的变化以维持细胞的稳定性,抗冻蛋白和冰活性物质的分离与纯化,适冷酶的分子机理,以及活性氧的有效清除等方面介绍了南极微藻适应低温的研究进展

Analysis of Character of Porphyra haitaensis from Sea Area of Pingtang County in Fujian Province

以福建省平潭县主要栽培的坛紫菜品种和来自平潭县不同海域的野生坛紫菜为材料,测定不同样品主要品质性状等指标;同时对不同样品进行了活体吸收光谱的检测.结果显示:3种性状在不同紫菜样品中存在着显著的差异,而且不同样品之间的活体吸收光谱也存在明显的不同.野生坛紫菜NH蛋白质含量最高,每100g干紫菜中含量可达43.49±1.29g,而未经选育的坛紫菜DXY仅为24.85±2.0g;叶绿素含量最高的为优良品种GL1,最低的为野生坛紫菜JJS.藻胆蛋白含量与总蛋白含量呈正相关,其含量最高的仍为野生坛紫菜NH(4.488g/100g).对于每一个紫菜样品,藻红蛋白含量都大于藻蓝蛋白,藻蓝蛋白含量大于别藻蓝蛋白.The content of the main characters in the mostly cultured Porphyra haitanensis and the wild P.haitanesis in different islands collected in Pingtan County were determined.At the same time in vivo absorption spectra of different samples were observed. The results showed that three of characters were distinctly different in different samples of P.haitanensis.But in vivo absorption spectra of different samples were obviously different.The wild P.haitanesis NH had the highest content of the protein (43.49±1.29 g/100 g),but the cultured P.haitanensis DXY which was not selected was only 24.85±2.0 g/100 g;the content of chlorophyll in fine cultured P.haitanensis GL1 was the highest,but the content of chlorophyll in wild P.haitanesis JJS was the lowest.Their total amount of phycobiliprotein had a positive correlation (r=0.6201) with their total amount of protein in different P.haitanensis and the wild P.haitanesis NH had also the highest content of phycobiliprotein.(4.488 g/100 g).For the every P.haitanensis,its phycoerythrin content was higher than its phycocyanin content,but its allophycocyanin content was lower than its phycocyanin content.福建省重大农业科技项目(2001A017);; 国家海洋863项目(2002A603023)资

real-time eca rule reasoning in active database

许多领域的应用要求发生的事件能够得到实时的反应,这就要求应用于其中的主动数据库中的ECA规则推理过程具有实时性,能够在截止期内完成推理给出反应.现有的ECA规则推理算法均没有考虑实时性要求.为了解决这个问题,提出了一种实时ECA规则推理算法RTIAE.作为一种"任意时刻"实时算法,RTIAE算法在ECA规则的有向图结构中通过启发式搜索进行推理,在截止期内尽量给出更多的推理结果.随后,通过实验探讨了不同的参数对RTIAE算法实时性能的影响,并与深度优先算法进行了对比.实验结果显示,RTIAE算法的截止期推理成功率优于深度优先算法