Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of the sporadic cases with hepatitis E infection in the rural area in Jiangsu province

目的了解江苏省农村散发性戊型肝炎的流行病学特征。方法通过建立覆盖市、镇、村三级医疗卫生服务机构的疑似肝炎主动监测网络,系统全面地监测戊型肝炎病例的发病情况。结果主动监测网络的敏感性明显高于网络报告系统,能更加准确、全面地掌握戊肝的发病规律。结果显示戊型肝炎病例占疑似急性肝炎病例的26.7%,男性戊肝发病率高于女性(P<0.01);发病随着年龄增长而上升,多见35岁以上人群;全年均有发病,冬春季节较高;戊型肝炎病毒株HEV1、4型并存,但以HEV4型为主(92.5%)。结论疑似肝炎主动监测系统数据显示目前戊肝发病率有被低估的风险。To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the sporadic cases with hepatitis E infection in the rural area of Jiangsu province,the prevalence of hepatitis E infection was surveyed systemically and completely through the initiatively monitoring system for the suspected cases of hepatitis E covering the city,town and village levels of medical and health service organizations.It was found that the initiatively monitoring system for suspected hepatitis E cases reflected the incidence of hepatitis E more accurately and comprehensively and was proved to be more sensitive than the network reporting system.The cases with hepatitis E accounted to 26.7% of the suspected cases with acute hepatitis and they were more frequent in male than in female.The incidence of hepatitis E increased with advance of age and most of cases occurred with age over 35.Estimated incidence was stable on the whole year,but rose up in winter and spring.The HEV type 1 and type 4 co-existed,but the HEV type 4 was proved to be the main type(92.5%).From the above observations,it seems that the initiatively monitoring system for the suspected cases of hepatitis E may be under-estimated for the risk of the hepatitis E infection in rural area of Jiangsu province.国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2006AA02A209)资

散发型戊型肝炎与急性乙肝临床特征比较

目的比较散发型急性戊型肝炎与乙肝临床特征。方法分析戊肝和急性乙肝间年龄、性别、肝脏损伤、症状体征以及病程的差异。结果急性肝炎病例中,戊型肝炎最常见(28.0%),急性乙肝次之(9.2%);戊肝平均发病年龄为56.3±13.1岁,急性乙肝为43.0±12.5岁,平均发病年龄戊肝较急性乙肝大(t=4.4723,P<0.0001),均为男性多发;两者常见的临床症状和体征基本相当,但戊肝患者黄疸症状更多见(P<0.05);戊肝病程较急性乙肝长(t=3.7249,P=0.0003);通过年龄性别进行1:1匹配分析,戊肝比急性乙肝对肝脏的损伤程度严重(t=3.5978,P=0.0019)。结论戊肝多见于中老年,急性乙肝多见于中青年,均为男性多于女性。临床特征比较戊肝较急性乙肝更为严重

Advance in new determination methods for pesticide residues

第一作者简介：王兆守（1972—），男，博士，讲师。研究方向为有机 污染物的生物降解。电话 0592–2186195；E–mail [email protected]。 联系人：王兆守。[中文文摘]介绍了农药残留检测的步骤与方法。农药残留检测主要分为4个步骤:样品的提取、净化、浓缩和检测。提取方法主要有震荡法、索式提取法、固相微萃取法、超临界流体萃取法、快速溶剂萃取法等。净化方法主要有:液-液分配净化法、柱层析法、磺化法等。浓缩方法主要有:蒸发浓缩、反渗透浓缩、K-D浓缩仪浓缩等。检测方法主要有:气相色谱-质谱联用法、荧光分析法、酶抑制法、免疫分析法、生物传感器检测法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法等。评述了这些方法的优点与缺陷,提出了今后的发展方向。[英文文摘]The determination of residual pesticides is mainly divided into four processes:extraction,cleanup,concentration and detection. The methods for extracting samples include shaking extraction,soxhlet’s extraction,solid phase micro-extraction,supercritical fluid extraction，accelerated solvent extraction and so on. The cleanup methods include liquid-liquid partition process,column chromatography,sulfonation and so on. The concentration methods include evaporation and concentration,reverse-osmosis，Kuderna Danish (K-D) concentrator and so on. The detection methods include gas chromatography-mass ectrometry,fluorometry,enzyme inhibition,immunoassay, biosensor and infrared spectrometry,Raman spectrometry,and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were reviewed and the development tendency in the future was pointed out.福建省青年科技人才创新项目(2007F3094);厦门大学引进人才科研启动费项目(0000-X071C3);近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学)开放基金(MEL0603);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室开放研究基金(HY200601);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金(200702

Epidemiological characteristics of sporadic hepatitis E in the rural area of Dongtai,Jiangsu Province,China

目的分析2008-2011年江苏省某农村地区戊型病毒性肝炎流行病学特征。方法利用已建立的疑似肝炎症状监测系统主动发现戊型病毒性肝炎患者,并对其流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2008-2011年戊型肝炎所占急性病毒性肝炎比例为27.29%,成为第2个主要病毒性肝炎。戊型肝炎年平均发病率2.2/万,戊肝发病全年散发,冬春季节高发;男性发病率高于女性,发病率随年龄增长逐渐升高,发病平均年龄(55.48±14.32)岁。戊型肝炎病毒株HEV1、4型并存,以HEV4型为主(95.6%)。结论本地戊肝呈散发,中老年高发,男性多于女性,以HEV4型为主。In order to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of hepatitis E in the rural area of Jiangsu Province during the period of2008-2011,an established monitoring system of suspected hepatitis was used to detect patients of hepatitis E.The study showed that hepatitis E cases accounted for 27.29% of the total acute hepatitis cases during this period,which indicated hepatitis E had become the second major hepatitis in the rural area of Jiangsu Province.The average annual incidence rate of hepatitis E was around 0.22‰.Hepatitis E was sporadic throughout the whole year,with a higher incidence in spring and winter.The morbidity of hepatitis E was higher in men than that in women and was rising with age.The average age of all cases is 55.48±14.32 years.The research also revealed that HEV of genotype 4was the major genotype in the rural area of Jiangsu Province which accounted for 95.6%,while the proportion of genotype 1was 4.4%.In conclusion,hepatitis E in the rural area of Jiangsu Province is sporadic throughout the whole year,and HEV of genotype 4is the major genotype.The incidence of hepatitis E is higher in the middle-aged and old people and it is higher in men than that in women.国家自然科学基金项目(81373061);; 江苏省科技支撑计划(社会发展)项目(BE2013723)资助~

The Establishment of Production System for Quality and Safety Fruit Products

無農藥殘毒之安全農產品是國人健康之保障，也是農產品外銷之重要品質之一。台灣全年都有各種重要水果上市，這是台灣人民的可貴資源，也是台灣農業可以傲視國際之處，因此建立各種水果之安全生產體系是相當重要。本計畫擬於三年中完成印度棗、木瓜、荔枝、番荔枝、楊桃及柑橘等六種重要水果之安全生產體系。各種水果生產都有專則專家組成之研究團隊進行安全生產體系各技術之整合。包括品種及安全種苗之繁殖、合理安全之肥培管理、包括生物控制及農藥控制之安全病蟲害防治等建立各種水果安全生產行事曆。The agricultural products with high quality and no pesticide residue by the appropriate production systems are the guarantee for people's health ware and one of the important properties of products for export. There are wide varieties of fruits on market produced through all year round produced in Taiwan. This is a very gloried resource for Taiwan in economical view and in academic research. Therefore, it is very crucial to establish standard operation processes (SOP) for each fruit tree production to meet the requirement in producing high quality and safety fruits. This project intends to establish the SOP for six fruits which are Indian jujube, papaya, litchi, sweet apple, citrus, and star fruit. The SOP for each fruit production will be conducted by separate research team on safety seedling, appropriate soil management, precision fertilization, proper pesticides use, and post harvest management as well. The SOP will be written on production calendar for farmers easily followed