激光诱导铝等离子体中原子和离子组分膨胀特性

为了了解等离子体中原子与离子组分的膨胀特性及背景气体存在状态下其运动状态的改变规律,设计了一系列实验,并进行了深入探究.采用波长为532 nm的纳秒激光剥蚀铝样品形成等离子体,并使用配有em ICCD检测器的C-T型三光栅单色仪对等离子体进行时序采集,同时使用2400 g·mm-1的光栅替代窄带滤光片进行不同组分成像诊断,得到铝等离子体中Al I(396.1 nm),Al II(466.3 nm),Al III(447.9 nm)的光谱分辨图像.在不同背景气压下采集了等离子体各组分光谱图像,探究背景气体对等离子体演化的影响.结果表明,在等离子体形成过程中,离子组分相对于原子组分分布在羽流前端,且角度分布较小.原子与离子组分的真空膨胀速度均处于104m·s-1量级.等离子体中离子组分的运动速度较高,且其运动速度随着离子价态的增加而增大,但在本实验使用的能量密度范围下,随激光能量的变化波动不大.中性原子的运动速度较慢,但随能量的增加而增大.随着膨胀过程的进行,各组分羽流沿样品表面法线方向推进且发射强度逐渐降低,对应的羽流密度和温度也相应降低.环境气压逐渐增大时,各研究组分运动状态与在高真空度下时有明显区别.在气压大于1 Pa后,等离子体与环境气体发生相互渗透,膨胀前端出现的晕影,产生扰动,发生束缚缓速.且等离子羽因气压增大而收缩、与背景气体的碰撞概率增加,使得羽流发射强度加强,等离子体的寿命随之延长.提出的新颖诊断方法与实验所得结果可为等离子体组分动力学过程的研究提供参考

激光诱导铝等离子体中原子和离子组分膨胀特性

为了了解等离子体中原子与离子组分的膨胀特性及背景气体存在状态下其运动状态的改变规律,设计了一系列实验,并进行了深入探究.采用波长为532 nm的纳秒激光剥蚀铝样品形成等离子体,并使用配有em ICCD检测器的C-T型三光栅单色仪对等离子体进行时序采集,同时使用2400 g·mm-1的光栅替代窄带滤光片进行不同组分成像诊断,得到铝等离子体中Al Ⅰ （396.1 nm）, Al Ⅱ （466.3 nm）, Al Ⅲ （447.9 nm）的光谱分辨图像.在不同背景气压下采集了等离子体各组分光谱图像,探究背景气体对等离子体演化的影响.结果表明,在等离子体形成过程中,离子组分相对于原子组分分布在羽流前端,且角度分布较小.原子与离子组分的真空膨胀速度均处于104m·s-1量级.等离子体中离子组分的运动速度较高,且其运动速度随着离子价态的增加而增大,但在本实验使用的能量密度范围下,随激光能量的变化波动不大.中性原子的运动速度较慢,但随能量的增加而增大.随着膨胀过程的进行,各组分羽流沿样品表面法线方向推进且发射强度逐渐降低,对应的羽流密度和温度也相应降低.环境气压逐渐增大时,各研究组分运动状态与在高真空度下时有明显区别.在气压大于1 Pa后,等离子体与环境气体发生相互渗透,膨胀前端出现的晕影,产生扰动,发生束缚缓速.且等离子羽因气压增大而收缩、与背景气体的碰撞概率增加,使得羽流发射强度加强,等离子体的寿命随之延长.提出的新颖诊断方法与实验所得结果可为等离子体组分动力学过程的研究提供参考.国家自然科学基金(基金号:21427813)资助的课题~

Separation and identification of auraptene from grapefruit peel oil

橙油素是广泛存在于柑橘类果实中的天然抗癌活性成分。选用SP70大孔吸附树脂分离纯化葡萄柚精油中的橙油素,该树脂对于橙油素的吸附容量和解吸率分别达到14.53 Mg/g和83.32%,并成功地从树脂床层的洗脱液中结晶分离出橙油素晶体。对所得晶体分别采用差示扫描量热仪(dSC)、紫外吸收光谱(uV)、红外吸收光谱(Ir)、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)进行定性分析,分析结果与橙油素标准品相符合。进一步采用高效液相色谱(HPlC)对所得晶体进行定量分析,结果表明所得晶体中橙油素的质量分数可达85%。Auraptene exists widely in the peels and juice sacs of citrus species and is reported to be an effective inhibitor of chemical carcinogenesis in some rodent models.The separation and purification of auraptene from the grapefruit peel oil was performed by SP70 macroporous resin adsorption.The amount adsorbed and the recovery of auraptene were 14.53 mg/g and 83.32% respectively.Auraptene was crystallized out from the concentrated eluate of macroporous resin bed successfully.Differential scanning calorimetric(DSC),ultraviolet spectrum(UV),infrared spectroscopy(IR) and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(ESI-MS) were all used to analyze the obtained crystals qualitatively.The analytical results are in accordance with that of auraptene standard.Furthermore,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was utilized to quantify auraptene of the crystals obtained.The mass fraction of auraptene in the obtained crystals can reach 85%.福建省新世纪人才支持项目(0000-X04157

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的早期发现

探讨冠状动脉造影同时行肾动脉造影的必要性及动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的相关危险因素分析。共 4 91例临床疑似冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影同时行非选择性或选择性肾动脉造影 ,并对相关的临床因素进行评价 ,筛选出动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。冠心病组患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发病率为2 0 % ,显著高于非冠心病组 (2 .6 % )。冠心病、外周血管疾病是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素 (多元Logistic回归分析示 ,P <0 .0 0 1、P =0 .0 0 3) ,是其早期发现的指标。对怀疑有冠心病的患者 ,在冠状动脉造影同时行肾动脉造影有助于动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的早期发现

Y型聚乙二醇干扰素琢-2b注射液治疗HCV基因2/3型慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效和安全性的多中心随机对照试验研究

目的以标准剂量的聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg IFN)α-2a联合利巴韦林作为阳性对照,评价新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b注射液联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用多中心、随机开放、阳性药对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,筛选符合要求的2型/3型CHC患者,按照2:1的比例随机分配到Y型Peg IFNα-2b组和Peg IFNα-2a组,同时口服利巴韦林,疗程24 w,停药随访24 w。采用Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II检测HCV基因型,采用Cobas Taq Man实时定量PCR法检测血清HCV RNA水平。详细记录不良事件。主要疗效指标为持续病毒学应答(SVR),并进行非劣效检验。结果本试验实际入组2型/3型CHC患者255例,实际治疗241例。全分析集(FAS)数据显示,158例试验组和83例对照组患者SVR分别为85.4%(95%CI 79.94%~90.94%)和79.5%(95%CI 70.84%~88.20%,P=0.2402);对符合方案分析集(PPS)人群分析显示,试验组和对照组患者SVR分别为87.9%(95%CI 82.45%~93.27%)和85.9%(95%CI 77.82%~94.01%,P=0.7060),率差的95%可置信区间均符合非劣效标准;对PPS人群分析显示,85.8%受试者获得了早期病毒学应答(RVR),RVR的阳性预测值为90.1%;试验组和对照组不良事件发生率相似,分别为95.6%和95.2%,严重不良事件发生率分别为3.8%和3.6%。结论应用Peg IFNα联合利巴韦林治疗2型/3型CHC患者,新型试验药物Y型Peg IFNα-2b具有与对照药物Peg IFNα-2a相似的疗效和安全性。国家科技部“十二五”重大专项(编号:2012ZX10002-003)；“重大新药创制”十二五科技重大专项(编号:2012ZX09303019)

改良分子信标-双重实时荧光PCR快速检测SARS病毒

目的建立改良分子信标-双重实时荧光PCR检测SARS病毒的方法,用于SARS的早期诊断和动物溯源。方法利用改良分子信标技术、装甲RNA和双片段双色荧光技术,根据GenBank公布的SARS病毒聚合酶基因1b的阅读开放框架结构的保守序列,自行设计一对引物和探针,以部分临床标本的酶联吸附实验结果和传统细胞培养方法作为对照,建立分子信标检测SARS病毒的方法。对368份临床标本(咽漱液、血液、粪便、尿液)、52份细胞培养液和50份动物标本进行荧光PCR扩增。结果分子信标检测SARS病毒的方法灵敏度为10～100个拷贝ml,与流感病毒等呼吸道病毒无交叉反应。分子信标检测368份临床标本,20份阳性。其中确诊病例阳性率为21.27%(1047),确诊病例的咽漱液阳性率为43.48%,还分别从粪便和血清中检测到SARS病毒。52份细胞培养液,29份阳性,阳性率为55.77%。50份动物标本,23份阳性,阳性率为46%。结论改良分子信标-双重实时荧光PCR检测SARS病毒方法灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于SARS的临床早期诊断和动物溯源

关于“经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策”的探讨(笔谈)

转变经济发展方式是当前中国的热门话题,而上海在城市发展中又肩负着率先转变的重要任务,在这一意义和背景下,2010年4月24日由上海金融学院学院主办、上海金融学院公共经济管理学院承办的“《中国城市财政发展报告2009/2010:促进‘两个中心’建设的上海城市财政》首发式暨‘经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策’论坛“在我校举行。与会专家围绕经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策的“趋势与目标“、“机遇和挑战“、“实施方略“和“地方实践“等四个专题进行研讨,各抒己见,智慧交锋。现将其真知灼见整理摘要与读者分享,以期待更多学者共同关注当前经济发展方式转变进程中的财税政策

電子廃棄物処理のためのリバースサプライチェーンの最適化とガバナンス

Development and optimization of reverse supply chain (RSC) for electronic waste (e-waste) treatment has attracted increasing interests worldwide due to the economic value and environmental influence of e-waste. RSC is generally defined as the series of activities required to retrieve a used product from a customer and either dispose of it or recycle/reuse it. Compared to informal RSC, formal RSC is usually used to refer the RSC that comply with environmental-friendly requirements for e-waste treatment. Due to the concerns of the adverse influence on environment and human health, it urges the development of formal RSC to replace the rampant informal RSC in most developing countries. Furthermore, a well-designed formal RSC is essential considering the inherent advantages of informal RSC. In this end, this study focuses on the development of formal RSC and its optimization and governance, in order to promote the proper and appropriate treatment of e-waste. The study pays major attention to the prominent problems practically encountered in formal RSC in China. Wherein the prominent problems are summarized as the suitable collection channel structure and facility layout of formal RSC, and channel coordination between formal and informal RSCs. Specifically, this study firstly ① explores the optimal formal channel structure from different aspects; then ② discusses and compares the effectiveness of different policies on formalizing the collector in informal RSC; finally ③ conducts location planning of recycling centers for waste mobile phones (WMPs) treatment in China. This study firstly focuses on the competitive formal and informal RSCs. By modelling the influence of collection efforts, green technology investment and the government subsidy, this study establishes three game theoretic models that corresponding respectively to three different dual-channel structures. These models are used to analyze the optimal collection strategy and channel structure of formal RSC under the competitive formal and informal RSCs, and indicate the optimal government subsidies. Then, this study considers the coordination of formal and informal RSCs for its benefits on e-waste treatment. A game theory model is built to analyze how to effectively promote the formalization of informal collectors. Based on the model, we discuss and compare the influences of four different policies (two subsidies and two penalties). Finally, the study pays attention to the development and rational layout of recycling centers in formal RSC. This study establishes several forecasting models to estimate and forecast the provincial WMPs of mainland China and develops a mixed-integer programming model for location planning of corresponding recycling infrastructures. Based on the theoretical models and related numerical analysis, several key findings are concluded. The study firstly analyzes the optimal formal channel structures from the perspectives of formal recycler, consumer and government respectively. It is concluded that there exists the conflict of interests when deciding the optimal formal channel structure. The results further indicate that formal recyclers should positively implement collection efforts in order to improve the collected quantity and the profit of the formal channel even they outsource collection activities to independent collectors. Besides, the optimal subsidies are calculated for different formal channel structures from the aspect of minimizing the profit of informal RSC. Thirdly, the study concludes that both the subsidy and penalty policies can promote the formalization of informal collectors. And there is no difference between the subsidy to informal collectors and formal recyclers (penalty on informal collectors or informal recyclers) regarding the change of recycling quantity. It is noteworthy that there exist the decremental effect of subsidy and the incremental effect of penalty on promoting formalization activity. Lastly, the study estimates the WMPs in all 31 provinces of mainland China from year 1992 to 2036. Through the location planning study, it indicates the concrete locations of recycling centers and the WMPs flows across provinces, and concludes that a total of 175 recycling centers are required for WMPs treatment in China in 2036. Accordingly, this study indicates major managerial implications for both the government and the recycler in formal RSC. The implications for the government include prudently designing and implementing policies, simplifying the supervision system and improving its responsiveness, and promoting the co-construction of recycling centers and cooperation on WMPs treatment across provinces in China. For formal recyclers, they are suggested to establish their own collection channel or to centralize other independent collection channels, to positively implement activities to promote consumers’ participation, and to establish its recycling centers following the planned locations. In summary, the whole study can benefit the development and optimization of RSC as follows. Firstly, the whole study can help maximize the economic profit of formal RSC and benefit the environment. Secondly, the study can help promote the collection rate of formal RSC through the optimized formal channel structure and the efficiently coordinated formal and informal RSCs. Thirdly, because of the optimized locations of recycling centers, the study can contribute to the rational layout of recycling centers in formal RSC.博士（工学）秋田大