中国国际科学合作中的”华人现象“

将8 个国家的合作论文分成五种类型，重点考察了中国在与8 个国家的合作中所呈现的“华人现 象”。分析表明，海外华人（包括短期在外的科研人员）在现阶段正在发挥桥梁作用，在中国国际合作中表 现得非常活跃。分析了导致“华人现象”的社会基础和政策效应

Variations of River N_2O Saturations and Emission Factors in Relation to Nitrogen Levels in China

通过选择我国3个不同流域的河流,研究了河流n2O饱和度与释放量的时空变化及其与河流氮水平的关系,并评估了IPCC关于河流n2O的释放系数。结果显示,河流硝态氮和氨氮的浓度变化范围分别为0.023~5.24(均值1.29±0.822)Mg n.l-1和0.020~40.3(均值2.54±5.47)Mg n·l-1;相应地,河流n2O饱和度和释放量的变化范围分别为90%~8213%(均值407%±1010%)及0.250~1960(均值58.3±221)μg n.M-2·H-1。不同河流n2O饱和度均呈现明显的季节变化特征,n2O饱和度几乎持续处于过饱和状态,表明河流n2O是大气n2O的源。不同类型的河流,其氮浓度水平、n2O饱和度与释放量均有显著差异,城市纳污型河流——南淝河,其氨氮浓度、n2O饱和度和释放量显著高于其他河流,均值分别达(12.5±6.10)Mg n·l-1、1760%±2620%及(363±548)μg n M-2·H-1。研究发现,除南淝河外,所有径流主导型的河流,其n2O饱和度与nO3-含量存在显著线性正相关关系,说明高nO3-含量的河流能增加n2O的表观产量。除南淝河以外的河流n2O释放系数变化范围为0.05%~0.87%,均值为0.20%,较为接近IPCC的参考值0.25%。但我们的研究建议采用修正后的河流n2O释放系数(均值为0.10%),该系数更能体现河流释放n2O的实际情况。Nitrous oxide(N2O)is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes the climate changes and stratospheric ozone depletion.An increase of active nitrogen(N)loading resulting from human activities to watersheds makes river systems a potentially important source of N2O.Here,we present the results of spatial and temporal variations of river N2O saturations and emissions in relation to N levels from rivers among three watersheds with multiple land uses in China,and we also assess the emission factors based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes(IPCC)guidelines.The results showed that nitrate and ammonium concentrations ranged from 0.023 to 5.24(average 1.29±0.822) mg.L-1and from 0.020 to 40.3(average 2.54±5.47)mg N.L-1,respectively;Correspondingly,N2O saturations and emissions ranged from 90% to 8213%(average 407%±1010%)and from 0.250 to 1960(average 58.3±221)μg N.m-2.h-1,respectively among the rivers.Our study demonstrated all the rivers were sources of N2O to the atmosphere.There existed significant differences of ammonium concentrations,N2O saturations and emissions for rivers in these watersheds,and the highest mean values of ammonium concentrations,N2O saturations and emissions were(12.5±6.10)mg N.L-1,1760%±2620% and(363±548)μg N.m-2.h-1,respectively,which were observed in Nanfei River receiving urban wastewaters.We found N2O saturations from study rivers(except for the Nanfei River)were positively related to nitrate concentrations,demonstrating that rivers with increased nitrate levels can results in more N2O production.On the basis of the IPCC definition of "emission factor",the measured emission factor ranged from 0.05% to 0.87%,with an average of 0.2%,very close to IPCC given value of 0.25%.However,our study suggests that the revised "actual" emission factor with an average value of 0.1% is more appropriate instead of IPCC value.国家自然科学基金(20777073);国家自然科学基金(41076042);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所前沿探索项目(2012QY001

厦门市社区卫生服务中心资源配置调查分析

目的调查分析厦门市2010年社区卫生资源配置现状及公平性,了解居民满意度,为进一步提高社区卫生服务质量提供参考。方法采用多阶段随机抽样选取社区卫生服务中心进行调查,应用洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数评价卫生服务公平性,应用lIkErT量表评价居民满意度。结果共调查8家社区卫生服务中心;基尼系数分别为:人员编制g=0.319、固定资产g=0.470、财政补助g=0.631;居民对多个服务项目评分较高,尤其在看病用时和医生态度方面。结论 社区卫生服务中心是多数居民的首诊地点;其卫生资源配置的公平性较好,尤其在人员编制方面,但仍需加强财政投入;居民总体满意度较高。全国大学生创新性实验计划项目(编号091038451

ANALYSES ON LDH ISOENZYME AND PROTEIN FROM BOTH GUANGDONG STRAIN AND FUJIAN STRAIN OF ECHINOCHASMUS FUJIANENSIS

目的　探讨福建与广东两地福建棘隙吸虫生化特点。方法　用不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及薄层等电聚焦电泳等进行比较分析虫体乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)同工酶和蛋白质。结果　福建与广东两地虫株都有 5种LDH同工酶 ,其中LDH1、LDH4 和LDH5的迁移率相同 ;蛋白质电泳都分离出 9条区带 ,其中有 7条带的等电点相同。但在LDH2 和LDH3 的迁移率 ,蛋白质区带的相对含量 ,同工酶的总活力与比活力 ,以及A和B亚基的含量等存在差异。结论　LDH同工酶与蛋白质的某些差异 ,可归因为基因型相似条件下所出现两地虫株生化遗传上差异Aim\ Inguired into the biochemical characteristrics of Echinochasmus fujianensis found in Fujian and Guangdong provinces. Methods\ Compared and analysed two strains by LDH isoenzyme eletrophoresis, discontinuous PAGE and thinlayer isoelectric equilibrium PAGE.Results\ Two strains both had five LDH isoenzyme, among them, LDH\-1、LDH\-4 and LDH\-5 had the same mobilities. There were nine bands in protein electrophoresis. Seven bands had the same isoelectric point.But there were differences in the mobilities of LDH\-2 and LDH\-3,the comparative amount of protein bands, total and specific activity of isoenzyme and the amount of A and B subunit. Conclusion Under the similar condition of genotypes, the differences of the biochemical inheritance can be contributed to the differences of LDH isoenzyme and protein.福建省科技计划基金资助项目!(No.98-Z-156);; 福建省“百千万人才”人选培养资金资助项

SURVEY OF MIXED INFECTIONS OF FISH-BORNE TREMATODES IN PINYUAN COUNTY AND DNA(RAPD)ANALYSIS

目的　调查广东省平远县棘隙吸虫及其他鱼源性吸虫混合感染情况。方法　对鱼类宿主取鱼鳃和鱼肉等组织 ,镜检囊蚴 ;用水洗过筛沉淀法粪检虫卵 ,部分虫卵阳性动物解剖检查。采用DNA -RAPD技术 ,比较福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建株。结果　查出华支睾吸虫 (Clonorchissinensis)、东方次睾吸虫 (Metorchisorientalis)、福建棘隙吸虫 (Echinochasmusfujianensis)、日本棘隙吸虫 (E japonicus)、抱茎棘隙吸虫 (E perfoliatus)和钩棘单睾吸虫 (Haplorchispumilio) 6种。第二中间宿主为麦穗鱼等 11种 ,感染率 48 3% (182 / 377) ,有 92 4%的阳性鱼混合感染 2种以上吸虫囊蚴。保虫宿主狗、猫感染率 79 2 % (19/ 2 4) ,每只阳性动物均有 2种以上吸虫混合感染。 15个引物在福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建株两者共获DNA片段 185个 ,共享度 (F) =0 984,遗传距离 (D) =0 0 16。结论　当地为人兽共患的多种鱼源性吸虫混合感染区。形态学观察和分子生物学检测结果相印证 ,福建棘隙吸虫广东株与福建棘隙吸虫福建株为同一虫种。Aim To seek the possible existence of mixed infections of Echinochasmus fujianensis and other fish-borne tremtodes in Pinyuan county,Guangdong.Methods Metacercariae of trematodes were detected from gills,muscles and some other tissues of freshwater fish and examintd under microscopy Sedimentation pocedures were used to observe parasite ova in stool Adult worms were obtained from definitive animal hosts upon dissection Experimental animal infection were performed from metacercariae of E fujianensis strains in Fujian and Guangdong,and it's DNA analysis Random amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD).Results Six species of trematodes were found,including Clonorchis sinensis,Metorchis orientalis,E fujanensis, E japonicus,E perfoliatus and Haplorchis pumilio Eleven species of freshwater fish comprising Pseudorasbora parve were identified as the second intermediate hosts,with an average positive rate of 48 33%(182/377) The overall mixed infection animal were contracted with 2 or more species Dogs and cats were detected to be reservoir hosts,the total infection rate being 79 2%(19/24).92 4% of infecded fish were contracted with 2 or 6 speies of the metacercariae of trematodes 185 DNA fragments were obtained by 15 primers,F=0 894 and D=0 016 between E fujianensis Guandong and Fujian strain Conclusion There are six species of fish-borne trematodes which may cause infections in human and animal in the regions E fujianensis Guangdong stain and Fujian strain are the same species福建省科技计划基金!资助项目 (No 98-Z - 1 56);; 福建省“百千万人才”人选培养资

Abdication in the Changes of Chinese Ancient Dynasties with Different Surnames: Code,System,Violence and Benefit——Cultural Study on Enchantment of Royal Power in Traditional Political Society

中国古代历史上主要异姓王朝中央政权更迭主要是通过政治禅让加以完成的,并且集中在汉魏晋南北朝隋唐五代宋王朝之间,传统上政治禅让被看作是权力合法转移的标志。从规范、制度、暴力和利益的视角对中国历史上的13次政治禅让事件进行考察,可以发现其根源在于传统政治社会皇权的价值魔魅。而禅让本质上是对皇权价值魔魅的破除和消解,政治禅让的消失意味着权力的工具化和价值中立。Political abdication was believed to be a major way of transferring the central power to the next dynasty with a different surname in ancient Chinese history,besides,it was very popular,especially in the Han Dynasty,Wei Dynasty,Jin Dynasty,the Northern and Southern Dynasties,Sui and Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. Traditionally,political abdication was usually regarded as a symbol of a legal transfer of the royal power. This paper studies 13 political abdications in ancient Chinese history from the perspective of code,system,violence and benefit,and finds that the enchantment of royal power in the traditional political society is the main cause of those abdications. Meanwhile,abdication is actually a disenchantment of royal power. As a result,the vanishing of political abdication leads to the instrumentalization and value neutrality of royal power.中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目:“中国传统和谐政治思想研究”成果(2010221018

基于Recurdyn的摩擦与啮合复合传动V带横向振动仿真研究

针对某油田游梁式抽油机摩擦与啮合复合传动V带传动系统,基于刚柔耦合动力学软件Recurdyn建立了摩擦与啮合复合传动V带传动系统仿真模型,并进行了动力学仿真分析,得到了复合传动V带的传动性能,并通过改变转速、张紧力和载荷对复合V带传动系统的横向振动进行了分析,得到了带的横向振动规律,为摩擦与啮合复合传动V带的研究提供了仿真依据

The utility model relates to a floating type ocean surveying and mapping device with a seawater monitoring function

本发明公开了一种带有海水监测功能的漂浮式海洋测绘装置，属于海洋测绘技术领域，包括通过钢绞线连接在船体尾部的测绘设备，所述测绘设备包括载板，载板的底面上通过四个固定件固接在两个防锈钢架，两个防锈钢架的两端连接有两个浮筒，浮筒上连接有充气管，充气管的一端处安装有气门嘴；本发明所提供的海洋测绘装置，能够适应各种海洋的复杂状况，能够自动使充气囊张开，避免因浮筒破损进水而造成整体沉没水中的问题，有效保护了海水检测设备的安全，同时具备防倾翻的功能，避免因海浪冲击而造成整体倾翻的问题，且能够与船体连接，以各种船只为动力，携带运行，检测时也能保证海水检测探头不受损坏，使用寿命更长

Experimental Study of Discharge Characteristics and Fluorine Atom Yield on DC Discharge of NF3/He

DC discharge characteristics of NF3/He have investigated experimentally at many kinds of experimental conditions, for example, different electrodes meterial, a few of distance between the two electrodes, flow rates of the gas NF3 or He, a series of series-wound resistances and give the steady and optimum discharge parameters finally. Fluorine atom yield from the DC discharge of NF3/He have studied experimentally and the relationship of fluorine atom yield and the load power is shown for the first time