Ecophysiological Responses in Kandelia Obovata (S., L.) Yong and Migration and Transformation of Cadmium under Cadmium and Pyrene Combined Stress

红树林生态系统对维护河口和海滨生态平衡具有重要意义。近年来，大量污染物被排放到红树林湿地生态系统中，其中重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）尤为明显。重金属和PAHs具有较强的“三致”毒性及持久性而倍受关注。本文通过盆栽实验探讨镉（Cd）与芘(Pyr)复合污染对红树植物生长的影响以及红树植物生理和解剖结构应答机制、Pyr对Cd在沉积物-植物根表-植物体内的迁移行为的影响、Cd对Pyr降解的影响，旨在丰富红树林湿地重金属-有机污染物复合污染的研究，为科学评价复合污染背景下环境污染物迁移转化的行为及红树林湿地保护提供科学理论依据。主要研究结论如下： 1、秋茄幼苗生长受Cd和Pyr的抑制，Cd对秋茄生长的...Mangroves play an important role in preserving the coastal ecological balance. In recent years, with the rapid urbanization and industrialization, many pollutants are discharged into mangrove ecosystems. Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are particularly common in mangrove ecosystems. The two kinds of serious pollutants with toxicity of carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis...学位：理学博士院系专业：生命科学学院_生态学学号：2162010015388

灭活 CVB1 在离体骨骼肌细胞中基因转移的研究

【目的】研究灭活后的柯萨奇病毒 B1 在原代培养骨骼肌细胞中对报道基因 pCDNA3-LacZ 转移效率的影响。【方 法】①用聚乙二醇沉淀和蔗糖低温超速离心法提纯并用β-丙内酯灭活病毒; ②分别用不同浓度的转铁蛋白聚赖氨酸( TfpL)+ LacZ、灭活 CVB1+LacZ 以及灭活 CVB1+TfpL+LacZ 在肌肉细胞进行基因转移, 以报告基因产物 β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性的 细胞数作为基因转移效率指标。【结果】灭活 CVB1+TfpL+LacZ 在肌肉细胞中使基因转移效率由 TfpL +LacZ 组的不到 1%提高到 15%～ 20%。【结论】灭活 CVB1 也能象腺病毒一样促进基因转移,CVB1 的嗜肌肉特性为在肌肉组织中研究靶向 明确的新载体提供了实验依据

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from swine production systems in Jiulong River watershed

由于对畜禽粪便的处置和管理不当,氮、磷养分随粪便大量流失,不仅带来日益突出的环境问题,还造成了资源的浪费。目前国际上多采用养分平衡方法研究和评价畜牧养殖场养分流失状况及其潜在的环境风险程度。选取福建省九龙江流域92家养猪场,采用养分平衡分析方法研究了该流域养猪场养分流失状况及主要影响因素。结果表明:大部分养猪场的氮磷养分输入量远远大于养分有效输出量,表明养分大量流失,养殖系统的环境风险程度极高;随着养猪场规模的增大,氮、磷的不平衡程度呈下降趋势;生态型养殖模式有利于促进资源综合利用,减少养分流失;加强对粪肥和饲料管理有利于促进畜禽养殖场的氮、磷养分平衡。Huge losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from the livestock production systems are known as the waste of resources and the sources of the environmental quality problems. Nutrient balance at farm level is an important tool to study the environmental problems associated with livestock production. A nutrient balance was constructed for 92 swine production systems of Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. The majority of the farms exhibited substantially greater nutrient inputs than nutrient managed outputs and it was in the status of an overaccumulation of nutrients; the nutrient imbalance decreased with farm scales; ecological production was a preferred mode to make better use of resources and decrease the losses of nutrients; management of feed and manure was helpful to balance the nutrients of livestock farms.福建省重大科技项目(2002H009)资

贵州水银洞金矿五种藓类重金属富集特性及其生态修复潜力研究

利用原子吸收法和原子荧光法对贵州水银洞金矿土生对齿藓Didymodon vinealis(Brid.)Zander、纤枝短月藓Brachymenium exile(Doz.et Molk.)、异芽丝瓜藓Pohlia leucostoma(Bosch Lac.)Fleisch、短柄小曲尾藓DicranellagonoiCare.和狭叶丝瓜藓Pohlia timmioides(Broth.)P.-C.Chen ex Redf.Tan及其基质中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co、Hg、As含量进行了测定。与国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)比较,土壤8种重金属含量中,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co含量未超出国家土壤环境三级标准,而Hg和As平均含量分别高达6.95mg kg-1和401.70mg kg-1,分别超出国家土壤环境三级标准值的4.63倍和10.04倍,说明水银洞金矿已被Hg和As严重污染。关于藓类植物对元素富集能力的分析发现,土生对齿藓对Cr相对富集;异芽丝瓜藓对Cd强烈富集,对Cr和Co相对富集;短柄小曲尾藓对Cr相对富集;狭叶丝瓜藓对Cd相对富集;纤枝短月藓对Cr和Pd强烈富集,对...Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Scientists in Guizhou Province(RAPOYSG,No.2005-0514);; the Science Fund for Distinguished Overseas Chinese Scholars of MOP(SFDOCS,No.2003-50);; the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.30860025

高颗粒通量循环流化床的构型作用

引言 煤、生物质的传统气化过程使燃烧与热解/气化反应发生于同一反应器空间,造成气化生成气被燃烧烟气严重稀释。双流化床气化技术是一种新的煤（生物质）气化技术,它是将煤（生物质）的气化（热解）与半焦燃烧分开,分别在不同的反应器内进行,利用高温的灰（沙子）为气化炉提供热量,在不同的气化剂条件下获得中热值煤气

高硅灰酒糟基粉状活性炭成型及性能

以粉状白酒糟物理活化炭为原料,以羧甲基纤维素（CMC）、煤焦油和酒糟活性炭灰分碱处理溶出液为粘结剂,研究了高含Si灰生物质粉末活性炭的成型方法.结果表明,单独以CMC和煤焦油作为粘结剂,在4.0MPa成型压力下所制成型活性炭的侧压强度达120N/cm,但其碘吸附能力低于400mg/g.利用酒糟基活性炭灰碱处理溶出液,仅添加少量CMC成型的活性炭达到相同侧压强度,吸附能力达600mg/g以上,明显高于仅添加CMC或煤焦油成型的活性炭,以及原活性炭粉.对成型活性炭进行了红外光谱、XRD及SEM表征,分析了其粘结机理

高硅灰酒糟基粉状活性炭成型及性能

以粉状白酒糟物理活化炭为原料,以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、煤焦油和酒糟活性炭灰分碱处理溶出液为粘结剂,研究了高含Si灰生物质粉末活性炭的成型方法.结果表明,单独以CMC和煤焦油作为粘结剂,在4.0MPa成型压力下所制成型活性炭的侧压强度达120N/cm,但其碘吸附能力低于400mg/g.利用酒糟基活性炭灰碱处理溶出液,仅添加少量CMC成型的活性炭达到相同侧压强度,吸附能力达600mg/g以上,明显高于仅添加CMC或煤焦油成型的活性炭,以及原活性炭粉.对成型活性炭进行了红外光谱、XRD及SEM表征,分析了其粘结机理

热分解气氛对流化床煤热解制油的影响

在循环流化床锅炉上耦合流化床热解反应器既可提供电力又副产热解油,明显提高煤的利用价值。在这个过程中,热解反应器通常利用自身产生的热解气作为流化介质。本文考察了模拟热解气反应气氛对流化床煤热解拔头制取热解油产率的影响,并利用TG-FTIR分析了焦油官能团组成及随TG温度的变化。针对锅炉用烟煤的实验结果表明：采用热解气作为反应气氛时焦油产率最大,相对无水无灰基煤达13%。反应气氛中H2和CO2的存在不利于焦油生成,但CO和CH4的加入提高了焦油产率;H2的加入有利于焦油中酚羟基、羧基类化合物生成,同时也促进了脂肪族化合物的裂解;CH4的存在可以提高焦油中单环芳烃、脂肪族及酚羟基类化合物的含量

热分解气氛对流化床煤热解制油的影响

在循环流化床锅炉上耦合流化床热解反应器既可提供电力又副产热解油,明显提高煤的利用价值。在这个过程中,热解反应器通常利用自身产生的热解气作为流化介质。本文考察了模拟热解气反应气氛对流化床煤热解拔头制取热解油产率的影响,并利用TG-FTIR分析了焦油官能团组成及随TG温度的变化。针对锅炉用烟煤的实验结果表明:采用热解气作为反应气氛时焦油产率最大,相对无水无灰基煤达13%。反应气氛中H2和CO2的存在不利于焦油生成,但CO和CH4的加入提高了焦油产率;H2的加入有利于焦油中酚羟基、羧基类化合物生成,同时也促进了脂肪族化合物的裂解;CH4的存在可以提高焦油中单环芳烃、脂肪族及酚羟基类化合物的含量

Responses of Phenolic Compounds in Kandelia obovata(S.L.)Yong to Cadmium-Pyrene Contamination

以红树植物秋茄[kAndElIA ObOVATA(S.l.)yOng)]为研究试材,通过镉(Cd)和芘(Pyr)交互胁迫盆栽实验,研究秋茄体内酚类化合物对Cd-Pyr复合污染的响应,旨在探讨红树植物通过酚类化合物的调节耐受重金属和PAHS复合污染的作用机制.Cd胁迫含量为0,5,10,20,40Mg/kg,Pyr胁迫含量为2,10,50Mg/kg,二者交互胁迫.结果显示:Cd和Pyr胁迫下秋茄根、茎、叶合成大量的总酚、单宁和缩合单宁,含量均随着胁迫含量增大呈现上升趋势.各组织总酚、单宁和缩合单宁含量均表现出茎>叶>根.高含量Cd-Pyr复合胁迫下根、茎和叶的总酚、单宁和缩合单宁含量显著高于同一水平Cd胁迫组.根和叶中的总酚、单宁及缩合单宁的含量与相同器官中Cd的含量均呈显著正相关,可推测复合污染背景下总酚、单宁和缩合单宁参与了秋茄根和叶对Cd的螯合,增强了秋茄对Cd的耐性.In recent years,with the rapid urbanization and industrialization,many pollutants are discharged into mangrove ecosystems.Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are particularly common in mangrove ecosystems.It is meaningful to study the response of mangrove plants to heavy metals-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,which can evaluate correctly the tolerance mechanisms of mangrove plant under combined pollutions.To explore the tolerance mechanisms of phenolic compounds of mangrove plant under combined contaminations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,the responses of phenolic compounds in Kandelia obovata(S.L.)Yong under Cd and pyrene(Pyr)combined contamination were studied by apot experiment.The results showed that a large amount of total phenols,tannins,and condensed tannins were generated in the roots,stems,leaves of K.obovata under Cd/Pyr single stress and Cd and Pyr co-stress,and their contents increased with increasing stress.The order of the contents of total phenols,tannins,and condensed tannins in the plant tissues was as follows:stem>leaf>root.Additionally,the contents of total phenols,tannins,and condensed tannins in roots,stems,and leaves were significantly higher under high levels of co-stress than under single Cd-stress at the same level.There were significant positive correlations between the content of total phenol and Cd concentration in the root and leaf,between the content of tannin and Cd concentration in the root and leaf,and between the content of condensed tannin and Cd concentration in the root and leaf.Therefore,it was suggested that total phenols,tannins and condensed tannins may be involved in Cd tolerance in the roots and leaves of K.obovata under Cd-Pyr combined contamination.国家自然科学基金重点项目(2013CB956504);国家自然科学基金(30970527;31170471;31370516