Direct Cloning of Crithidia

对短膜虫的直接克隆方法进行探索.利用此方法，对熊蜂短膜虫直接克隆的最高成功率可达100%，两周左右的时间能够建立起克隆，可以应用于对短膜虫自然种群的研究The experiment was carried out on the cloning of Crithidia directly out of its hosts so as to study the clonal structure, epidemiology and genetic variance of its natural population.By using the method described in this paper, Crithidia bombi was cloned successFully.The success rate could be as high as to 100% and the time For establishment of clones was about two weeks.The results showed that this method could be used For the Future studying on the Crithidia

多重感染与寄生物致病性的进化

对于寄生物致病性进化方向问题的研究，是近些年才开始重视的。目前主要还停留在利用数学模型对寄生物在多重感染情况下致病性进化方向的研究，实验的研究还不多见。从理论研究以及不多的实验来看，寄生物的致病性并不只向对宿主无害的方向进化。但是要了解多重感染情况下，寄生物致病性的进化方向；则需要对特定寄生物及其宿主进行大量的实验研究，阐明多重感染的发生率、它们的流行病学，以及特定的寄生物和宿主关系共同进化所取决的主要因素

Optimization Algorithm of Correlated Color Temperature for LED Light Sources by Dichotomy

色温和相关色温是lEd光源的重要参量。从原始光谱数据到色品坐标(u,V)再到色温和相关色温的计算过程相当复杂,需要一种优化算法来简化计算量。因此,从色温的色度学定义出发,简要分析了直接内插法、逐点法和函数曲线拟合法三种色温计算的经典算法,并分别指出了它们的优缺点,在此基础上提出了二分法这种新的色温优化算法。详细介绍了二分法的基本思想、程序流程等。利用软件编程实现这几种算法,通过普朗克黑体辐射公式计算得到一系列色温的理论光谱和白光lEd仪器实际测试光谱,对比二分法和各种经典算法的速度和结果,证明了二分法是一种适合于计算机程序化实现的高精度高速度的色温算法。Color temperature and correlated color temperature(CCT) are important parameters of the LED light sources.The procedure for calculating colorimetric parameters,such as color coordinates(u,v) and CCT from spectra data,is rather complicated.An advanced algorithm is necessary to simplify the computation.Based on the definition of chromaticity,the advantages and disadvantages of three classical CCT algorithms are analyzed,respectively,and a new dichotomy optimization algorithm is proposed,whose principle and procedure are illustrated in detail.By comparing the results of dichotomy with the other classical algorithms by Planck formula and actual white LEDs spectra,it is proved that the dichotomy is a CCT algorithm with higher accuracy and faster speed.国家863计划重大专项(2006AA03A175);福建省重大专项(2006H0092);福建省自然科学基金(2008J0030);厦门市重大项目(3502Z20061004)项目资

Zn-Na2CO3复合改性HZSM-5在线催化生物质热解制备芳烃

为进一步提高芳烃的产率,减少催化剂的失活,采用Zn和Na2CO3对HZSM-5催化剂复合改性,探讨了Zn的负载量对生物质催化热解气相重整制备芳烃的产率、选择性以及抗结焦性能的影响,同时采用XRD、BET、NH3-TPD以及SEM对反应前后催化剂进行表征。结果表明:ZnNa2CO3复合改性没有改变HZSM-5晶体骨架结构,Zn均匀的负载在催化剂的表面,比表面积随着Zn的负载量的增加而减少,孔径随着Zn的负载量的增加而加大;改性Zn-Na2CO3/HZSM-5催化剂具有较强的催化活性以及脱氧效果,有效的提高芳烃的产率,抑制了稠环芳烃以及焦炭的生成,使BTXE的选择性增加;当Zn的负载量为5%时,单环芳烃含量最高为88.05%,BEXT增加12.92%,而焦炭含量最低为23.69%。Zn的添加有效的提高了催化剂抗积碳能力,促进了氢转移反应的形成,使其芳构化能力提升。国家自然科学基金项目(31670599)资助;;\n云南省科技厅项目(2018FB071)资助;;\n云南省教育厅教师类项目(2018JS325)资助;;\n云南省大学生创新创业项目(S201710677016)资

烟草剩余物制备致香物质的研究

以云南烟叶、烟秆为原料,以无水乙醇为溶剂,采用水热法制备生物基致香物质。对影响烟叶提取率的液料比、液化温度、液化时间、原料种类4个影响因素进行了研究。分别使用石油醚和二氯甲烷对液化物进行萃取,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对萃取成分进行分析。结果表明,反应时间的越长,热解产物中致香总物质含量越低。相同制备工艺条件下,烟叶为原料制备的致香物质总含量要高于烟秆。随着溶剂量的增加,体系中致香物质总含量随之降低。反应制备温度越高致香物质含量随之下降。云南省烟草化学重点实验室开放项目（2017539200340395）云南省科技计划项目（2017FD236

CDK5-dependent BAG3 degradation modulates synaptic protein turnover

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是严重威胁人类健康的重大神经系统疾病，AD的发生发展与衰老密切相关，目前临床治疗方法十分有限。因此迫切需要从AD致病早期入手，发现和鉴定导致AD神经功能紊乱的机制和靶点，为AD的早期防治提供基础。张杰教授及其团队从高通量磷酸化蛋白质组学入手，系统研究了CDK5在神经细胞中的磷酸化底物，鉴定出了在蛋白质量控制中发挥重要功能的BAG3蛋白是CDK5的全新底物。课题组从磷酸化蛋白质组学入手，发现和阐明了细胞周期蛋白激酶5（CDK5）通过调控BAG3在维持突触蛋白水平调控中的作用机制，及其在阿尔茨海默病（AD）发生发展中的机理。 该研究是多个团队历时8年合作完成的，香港中文大学的周熙文教授、美国匹兹堡大学的Karl Herrup教授、美国Sanford-Burnham研究所的许华曦教授、美国梅奥医学中心的卜国军教授，厦门大学医学院的文磊教授、张云武教授、赵颖俊教授、薛茂强教授，军事医学科学院的袁增强教授等都参与了该工作。 厦门大学医学院2012级博士生周杰超等为文章的第一作者，张杰教授为通讯作者。Background Synaptic protein dyshomeostasis and functional loss is an early invariant feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the unifying etiological pathway remains largely unknown. Knowing that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays critical roles in synaptic formation and degeneration, its phosphorylation targets were re-examined in search for candidates with direct global impacts on synaptic protein dynamics, and the associated regulatory network was also analyzed. Methods Quantitative phospho-proteomics and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify top-ranked candidates. A series of biochemical assays were used to investigate the associated regulatory signaling networks. Histological, electrochemical and behavioral assays were performed in conditional knockout, shRNA-mediated knockdown and AD-related mice models to evaluate its relevance to synaptic homeostasis and functions. Results Among candidates with known implications in synaptic modulations, BCL2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) ranked the highest. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation on Ser297/Ser291 (Mouse/Human) destabilized BAG3. Loss of BAG3 unleashed the selective protein degradative function of the HSP70 machinery. In neurons, this resulted in enhanced degradation of a number of glutamatergic synaptic proteins. Conditional neuronal knockout of Bag3 in vivo led to impairment of learning and memory functions. In human AD and related-mouse models, aberrant CDK5-mediated loss of BAG3 yielded similar effects on synaptic homeostasis. Detrimental effects of BAG3 loss on learning and memory functions were confirmed in these mice, and such were reversed by ectopic BAG3 re-expression. Conclusions Our results highlight that neuronal CDK5-BAG3-HSP70 signaling axis plays a critical role in modulating synaptic homeostasis. Dysregulation of the signaling pathway directly contributes to synaptic dysfunction and AD pathogenesis.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation in China (Grant: 31571055, 81522016, 81271421 to J.Z.; 81801337 to L.L; 81774377 and 81373999 to L.W.); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China-Xiamen University (Grant: 20720150062, 20720180049 and 20720160075 to J.Z.); Fundamental Research Funds for Fujian Province University Leading Talents (Grant JAT170003 to L.L); Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKUST12/CRF/13G, GRF660813, GRF16101315, AoE/M-05/12 to K.H.; GRF16103317, GRF16100718 and GRF16100219 to H.-M,C.); Offices of Provost, VPRG and Dean of Science, HKUST (VPRGO12SC02 to K.H.); Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) Improvement on Competitiveness in Hiring New Faculty Funding Scheme (Ref. 133), CUHK Faculty Startup Fund and Alzheimer’s Association Research Fellowship (AARF-17-531566) to H.-M, C. 该研究受到了国家自然科学基金、厦门大学校长基金、福建省卫生教育联合攻关基金等的资助

Multiple Clones InFection of Crithidia bombi in the Nature

利用等位基因酶电泳，对直接从宿主体内分离和克隆的40个熊蜂短股虫克隆进行了遗传变异检测。这40个熊蜂短股虫克隆分别从被两个蜂王感染的8只工蜂体内得到。共检测了gPI、MdH、ME、6Pgd和PgM等五种酶。根据PgM，发现这40个熊蜂短股虫克隆中具有两种变异型。结果说明自然界中，熊蜂短膜虫存在着多重感染的现象。利用脉冲场梯度凝胶电泳，对熊蜂短膜央两种变异型的染色体规模dnA进行了比较，没有发现染色体规模dnA的区别。结合等位基因酶和染色体规模dnA电泳的结果，说明两种变异型的亲缘关系密切。对熊蜂短膜虫两种变异型生长曲线的比较结果，发现它们的增殖速度具有差别。Genetic variation was detected among 40 clones of Crithida bombi by allozyme electrophoresis.These 40 clones of C.bombi were directly c1oned out of 8 workers that became inFected with C.bombi From their queen.A total 5 allozymes were detected,these allozymes were GPI.MDH,ME.6PGD and PGM.Two types of variation of PGM were Found among these 40 clones of C.bombi by PGM.The result demonstrates that multiple inFection of C.bombi occurs in the nature.Chromosome sized DNA of two types of C.bombi was compared by pulsed-Field gradient gel electrophoresis,no variation was Found.The results suggested that there was a close kin relationship between these two types of C.bombi.It was also showed that there was a diFFerent grouth curve between these two types of C.bomb.山西省出国人员基

Two New Species of Cestodes Genus Anomotaenia (Cyclophyllidea): Dilepididae

对来源于多重感染的两型熊蜂短膜虫（CrITHIdIAbOMbI）的生物学特征实验分析表明，两型熊蜂短膜虫克隆的细胞分裂次数及建立克隆所需时间具有差别，其中A型在克隆第3d后，细胞分裂次数最少3次，最多6次；b型则最少1次，最多6次.建立克隆的时间为（当克隆的细胞在克隆板中分裂至107/Ml，并且克隆孔中的培养液已加至200μl时）A型最短11d，最长16d；b型最短10d，最长21d.结果说明在多重感染的情况下，两型熊蜂短膜虫具有竞争行为.同时发现两型熊蜂短膜虫在4℃培养液中，其虫体表型具有明显差异，这种差异可以作为遗传标记体外检测两型在同一宿主体内竞争的动态变化The present paper deals with two new species of the genus Anomotaenia belonging to the Family Dilepididae.Holotype and paratype are deposited in Parasitology Research Lab.,Xiamen University.(measure unit:mm) Anomotaenia erolia sp.n Host Erolia glareolia Description: Strobila 16～20 in length and 1.27～1.43 in maximum width.Genital organ′s only one in a mature segment, Genital pores irregularly alternating, opening at anterior Forth of the lateral margin of rhe proglottid.Scolex, 0.164～0.179 in width and 0.119～0.143 in length.Suckers 4, without spines, 0.072～0.093×0.054～0.078.Rostellum, 0.030～0.035 in width, large and small hooks, 20 in all,arranged in two crowns, the large hooks measure 0.031 ～0.032,the small 0.029～0.031.Neck, 0.098～0.113 in width.Testes 10 to 12, distributed in the post halF of the segment,Cirrus pouch long stick shaped, 0.170～0.213×0.041～0.053.Ovary with tree like branches.Vitelline gland, irregularly conq piece shaped.seminal receptacle elliptical or shuttlee like.Uterus sac like, with many brancbes around the edges.Eggs measure 0.038～0.043×0.030～0.034, oncosphere,0.023～0.026×0.019～0.021. Anomotaenia hypolencus sp.n. Host Tringa hypoleucus Description: Strobila 14～37 in length and 0.972～1.081 in maximum width.Genital pores irregularly alternating, opening at the anterior third of the lateral margin of the proglottid.Scolex 0.192～0.202 in width and 0.136～0.143 in length.Suckers elliptical, 0.095～0.099×0.109～0.121.Rostellum, 0.049～0.063 in width and 0.077～0.088 in length.Rostellar hooks 16, arranged in two crowns, measureeng 0.041～0.043 in length.Neck, 0.107～0.203 in width and 0.114～0.123 in length.Testes 16～18, distributed in the post halF of the segmeut, Cirrus pouch long piece shaped, almost had the length of halF the segment′s width, 0.268～0.277×0.020～0.029.Ovary with valves.Vitelline gland irrigular piece.Seminal receptacle shuttle like.Uterus sac like, Eggs 0.023～0.029×0.032～0.031 in diameter, oncosthere roundish, 0.018～0.023 in diameter

DIRECT CLONING of CRITHIDIA BOMBI

对宿主来源的寄生原虫直接克隆,为调查自然界寄生原虫克隆的流行病学、生态学、遗传学及其宿主的关系等研究提供更准确的实验材料。为此我们对来源于宿主肠道的熊蜂短膜虫(CrITHIdIAbOMbI)进行了直接克隆的实验。结果报道如下

脂肪香精——一种新型天然肉类香精的制备和研究

通过美拉德反应制备天然脂肪香精。脂肪经过空气氧化 ,过氧化值达到 8～ 1 0meq/kg后 ,再加入糖类、含硫化合物、氨基酸混合物于 1 0 0℃加热反应 2h ,即可产生集肉香、脂香和烤香于一体的脂肪香精