泌乳牛における給与飼料中の粗蛋白質含量の違いが乳生産性，窒素排泄量および糞尿由来窒素揮散に及ぼす影響について

In order to clarify the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) contents on lactation performance, nitrogen balances, and nitrogen emission from manure, nine balance trials were conducted using four primiparous Holstein cov Experimental design was followed L9-orthogonal table method, which treated animals and CP contents as factors. results obtained were as follows; 1 ) There was no effect of CP contents on lactation performance. However excretion in urine (UN), milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and plasma urea nitrogen (BUN) increased as dietary CP contents increased. 2) The relationship between UN (g / day) and CP contents (%) ,MUN (mg/dl) or BUN (mg/ dl) was UN=22.0 CP-208.9 (r²=0.84) ,UN=16.2 MUN-77.5 (r²=0.78),UN=8.8 BUN+18.6 (r²=0.77), respectively. 3) Nitrogen emission from manure tended to increase as CP content increased. In conclusion, the reducing dietary CP content in cows is a way to reduce nitrogen excretion and nitrogen emission without the suppression of productivities of lactating cows.飼料中粗蛋白質（CP）含量が14.4%，15.7%および19.4%の混合飼料を用いて，飼料中のCP含量の違いが乳生産性，糞尿中への窒素排泄量および糞尿由来のアンモニアを主体とする窒素揮散量に及ぼす影響について検討したb 実験には初産泌乳牛4頭を供試して，供試家畜をブロック因子， CP水準の違いを処理因子として取り上げ， L9直交表計画に準じて出納試験を実施した。その結果， l) CP水準の違いは乳生産性に影響を及ぼさなかった。しかし，尿中窒素排泄量 (UN），乳中尿素窒素（MUN）および血漿中尿素窒素(BUN）濃度はCP水準の上昇とともに1%あるいは5%水準で有意に高まった。 2) UN (g/day）と飼料中のCP含量(CP, %), MUN (mg/dl) およびBUN(mg/dl)の間で， UN=22.0 CP-208.9(r²=0.84），UN=I6.2 MUN-77.5(r2=0.78)， UN=8.8 BUN+18.6 (r²=0.77）の関係式が得られた。3) CP水準の上昇とともに糞尿由来窒素揮散量は増加する傾向が見られた。以上のことから，生産性に影響を及ぼさない範囲での給与飼料の低蛋白質化は窒素排泄量および窒素揮散量の低減を実現することが示された

Comparison of the influence of postoperative oral nutritional supplementation between octogenarian and non-octogenarian patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer

Background Despite recent reports, the effectiveness of postoperative oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on body weight loss and malnutrition after gastrectomy remains controversial. We aimed to elucidate the effectiveness of ONS especially in octogenarian patients undergoing oncological gastrectomy. Methods A total of 286 consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer were eligible. Postoperative body weight loss, malnutrition, and sarcopenia were compared between patients with and without postoperative ONS among octogenarian patients aged ≥ 80 years and non-octogenarian patients aged < 80 years. Results In this study, 36 (62.1%) octogenarian and 121 (53.1%) non-octogenarian patients continued postoperative ONS for three months. The clinicopathologic characteristics were not different between the ONS (−) and ONS (+) groups among the octogenarian and non-octogenarian patients. The changes in body weight and serum albumin levels at postoperative 1 year were different between the ONS (−) and ONS (+) groups (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively) among the octogenarian patients, but not between the two groups among the non-octogenarian patients (P = 0.99 and P = 0.29, respectively). Also, the decline in psoas muscle mass index at postoperative 6 months and 1 year was significantly lower in the ONS (+) group than in the ONS (−) group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, similar results were found in octogenarian patients who underwent distal gastrectomy. Conclusions Postoperative ONS could prevent body weight loss, malnutrition, and sarcopenia especially in octogenarian patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Molecular mechanisms driving the interactions between platelet and gastric cancer cells during peritoneal dissemination

Platelets (PLTs) facilitate tumor progression and the spread of metastasis. They also interact with cancer cells in various cancer types. Furthermore, PLTs form complexes with gastric cancer (GC) cells via direct contact and promote their malignant behaviors. The objective of the present study was to explore the molecular mechanisms driving these interactions and to evaluate the potential for preventing peritoneal dissemination by inhibiting PLT activation in GC cells. The present study examined the roles of PLT activation pathways in the increased malignancy of GC cells facilitated by PLT‑cancer cells. Transforming growth factor‑β receptor kinase inhibitor (TRKI), Src family kinase inhibitor (PP2) and Syk inhibitor (R406) were used to identify the molecules influencing these interactions. Their therapeutic effects were verified via cell experiments and validated using a mouse GC peritoneal dissemination model. Notably, only the PLT activation pathway‑related inhibitors TRKI and PP2, but not R406, inhibited the PLT‑enhanced migration and invasion of GC cells. In vivo analyses revealed that PLT‑enhanced peritoneal dissemination was suppressed by PP2. Overall, the present study revealed the important role of the Srk family in the interactions between PLTs and GC cells, suggesting kinase inhibitors as promising therapeutic agents to mitigate the progression of peritoneal metastasis in patients with GC

Corporation as a subject of duty of care in criminal cases

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無症候FTDP-17(MAPT)変異遺伝子保因者における脳内病変 -PETとMRIによる測定-

【目的】無症候FTDP-17変異遺伝子保因者(PGC)において脳内病変がみられるか否かを検討する。【対象・方法】N279K変異を持つ白人3名(PGC1-3: 38歳から41歳)とその兄弟1名（PGC 4、遺伝子未検、37歳）が画像検査のために来日した。方法はMRIと [11C]DAA1106、L-[β-11C]DOPA、[11C]MP4Aを放射性薬剤として用いたPETを3日間のうちに行い、それぞれの検査において健常被験者と比較した。【結果】PGC1-4は神経学的検査、心理検査において異常なかった。PGC1, 2ではMRIにて海馬の萎縮がみられた。PGC2では前頭葉内側、PCG1と3では後頭皮質に健常と比べて2標準偏差以上のDAA結合の増加（ミクログリアの活性化）がみられた。PGC1-3において線条体のL-[β-11C]DOPAの取り込み（ドパミン代謝）が低下していた。PGC1-4において[11C]MP4A PETでのk3（アセチルコリンエステラーぜ活性）の低下はみられなかった。【結論】PGCの発症時期予測にはMRI、PETによる黒質線条体ドパミン機能の測定が有用であり、ミクログリアの活性化も一部の症例でみられる可能性が示唆された。第49回日本核医学会学術総