Extraction, Separation and Purification of Catalpol and Stachyose from Rehmannia Glutinosa Libosch

地黄是玄参科植物地黄(RehmanniaglutinosaLibosch.)的块根，是常用的补益中药之一，临床应用极为广泛，地黄植物在中国已建立了大规模的GAP生产基地，对地黄中的生理活性物质的开发具有很好的市场前景。梓醇和水苏糖同为地黄中具有代表性的生理活性物质，目前的开发均以其中一种为目标物，若在地黄的利用过程中，将提取完梓醇的废渣再利用提取水苏糖，对提高地黄利用率，降低生产成本具有重要意义。 本文以地黄为原料，研究了地黄中梓醇的提取和分离纯化工艺，再利用提完梓醇后的地黄渣提取水苏糖，并对其分离纯化工艺进行了探讨。 分别考察了传统的浸渍法、加热回流法和超声波提取法对梓醇的提取效果。结果...Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (R. glutinosa), a member of the Scrophulariaceae family, is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicines to treat metabolic disorders. Some large-scale GAP bases for planting resource species of R. glutinosa have been established in China, which is beneficial in exploiting bioactive substances from R. glutinosa. Catalpol and stachyose are two of major bioactive compound...学位：工学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院化学工程与生物工程系_生物化工学号：1922005130176

Carbon cycling of forest ecosystems in response to global nitrogen deposition: a review

森林土壤和植被储存着全球陆地生态系统大约46%的碳,在全球碳平衡中起着非常重要的作用。过去几十年来,森林生态系统的碳循环和碳吸存受到了全球氮沉降的深刻影响,因为氮沉降改变了陆地生态系统的生产力和生物量积累。以欧洲和北美温带森林区域开展的研究为基础,综述了氮沉降对植物光合作用、土壤呼吸、土壤DOM及林木生长的影响特征和机理,探讨了森林生态系统碳动态对氮沉降响应的不确定性因素。热带森林C、N循环与大部分温带森林不同,人为输入的氮对热带生态系统过程的影响也可能不同,因此指出了在热带地区开展碳氮循环耦合研究的必要性和紧迫性。Forest soils and vegetation store about 46 percent of all carbon in the terrestrial biosphere, which play a critical role in global carbon balance. Increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition over the last several decades have altered carbon cycling and sequestration of forest ecosystems by affecting productivity and biomass accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems. Based on the studies conducted in temperate forest regions in Europe and North America, the paper reviewed mechanism and characteristics underlying the impacts of nitrogen deposition on plant photosynthesis, soil respiration, soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), and tree growth, and the uncertainties as to the interactions between forest ecosystem carbon dynamics and nitrogen deposition were also analyzed and discussed. Most tropical forests function quite differently from temperate forests with regard to N and C cycling, and that the effects of anthropogenic N inputs on tropical ecosystem processes may also differ, so it is urgent and necessary to initiate studies related to carbon-nitrogen cycle coupling in the tropical regions.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30370259);; 福建省自然科学基金重点资助项目(B0320001)~

Separation and purification of catalpol from Radix Rehmanniae

An ultrasonic extraction technology of preparing catalpol from Radix Rehmanniae was optimized by a uniform experimental design.The optimum conditions for ultrasonic extraction were thus established: 68% (vol) ethanol aqueous solution as extraction solvent,the volume(ml) to mass(g) ratio of extraction solvent to feed of 5∶1,the ultrasonic treatment time of 36 min.The crude catalpol obtained from the optimized ultrasonic extraction technology was further purified by selective adsorption with macroporous resin.The adsorption capacities and desorption yields of ten kinds of macroporous resins for catalpol were investigated.The results showed that H103 resin possessed the best performance.The properties of dynamic adsorption and desorption of H103 resin for catalpol were subsequently investigated on adsorption column.The optimum conditions for adsorption and desorption were determined.The concentration of catalpol in the loaded sample solution was 6.15 mg·ml-1,the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1,the volumetric percentage of ethanol in the eluting solvent was 75%,the elution flow rate was 0.5 ml·min-1 and the elution volume was 3.33 BV(bed volume).Under the above conditions,the purity of catalpol product eluted from the column packed with H103 resin reached 62.39% while that of the crude catalpol was only 10.01%

基于阴阳五行理论和元素论对中西医学比较和发展的探究

中医的范式从古至今未发生巨变,而西医则历经颇多理论技术变革。 本文主要探讨中医诞生的基础理念———阴阳五行论和早期西方医学的理论源头———元素论之间的关系,以及中西医早期发展经历的阶段,以认清中西医学的源头与内涵,使得两大医学可以更好的相互借鉴交流与学习。</jats:p

A Method of Image Retrieval Based on Weighted Color Coherence Vector

以图像颜色聚合向量为基础，并结合图像显著特征，提出了一种基于加权颜色聚合向量的图像检索方法。首先，提取图像的显著性图，并进行归一化处理，得到加权矩阵；然后，对图像进行颜色聚合向量提取，并根据加权矩阵进行加权处理；最后通过计算两幅图像之间的加权颜色聚合向量相似度，进行图像检索。该方法既系统兼顾了图像的颜色分布特征和高层视觉特征，又具有较高的计算速度；实验结果证明，该算法的检索精度明显高于传统的基于颜色统计特征的检索精度。 By taking visual saliency into consideration ,a new image retrieval method based on color coherence vector is proposed in the paper .According to the saliency map of the image ,every pixel is assigned a weighting value . Thus ,the color coherence vector is calculated on those weighted pixels .This new vector reflects both the low-level color region distribution feature of the image ,and its high-level vision characteristics .The experiments verify this method above is more efficiently than traditional ways based on color histogram .By taking visual saliency into consideration, a new image retrieval method based on color coherence vector is proposed in the paper. According to the saliency map of the image, every pixel is assigned a weighting value. Thus,the color coherence vector is calculated on those weighted pixels. This new vector reflects both the low-level color region distribution feature of the image, and its high-level vision characteristics. The experiments verify this method above is more efficiently than traditional ways based on color histogram

超声波与表面活性剂协同影响水合物诱导期

An ultrasonic system （20 kHz, 0-150 W） of natural gas hydrate formation was built up to investigate the induction time of gas hydrate formation in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）. The experimental results indicated that the concentration of SDS solution did not affect the induction time distinctly and no critical micelle concentration （CMC） phenomenon was observed. The induction time decreased with the increase of ultrasonic power or reaction pressure

Separation and Decoloration of Stachyose from Radix Rehmanniae Libosch

用超滤法和吸附法对地黄水苏糖提取液进行了初步分离和脱色。考察了微滤预处理、操作压力、温度及体积浓缩比对膜通量的影响,确定的最佳超滤工艺为:压力0.10 MPa,温度50℃,体积浓缩比8。应用该工艺可使w(水苏糖)由28.3%提高到40.5%,对溶液的脱色率达72.4%。将超滤透过液分别用活性炭、A l2O3和5种离子交换树脂进一步脱色,活性炭的脱色效果最佳,进而考察了活性炭用量、温度、脱色时间及pH对脱色率的影响。确定的最佳脱色条件为:温度50℃,活性炭0.3 g/L,脱色时间2.5 h,pH 4.0。在该条件下,脱色率可达99.1%。Separation and decoloration of stachyose derived from Radix Rehmanniae extract was carried out by use of ultrafiltration and adsorption technology.The optimum conditions were pressure 0.10 MPa,temperature 50 ℃ and volume concentration rate 8.The mass fraction of stachyose in the extract increased from 28.3% to 40.5%,the decoloration ratio achieved 72.4%.The solution permeated through the membrane was further decolored by activated carbon,aluminium oxide and five kinds of ion exchange resins,respectively.The results showed that activated carbon possessed the highest decoloration capacity.When temperature was kept at 50 ℃ and pH at 4.0,content of activated carbon was 0.3 g/L,and decoloration time was 2.5 h,the decoloration ratio reached 99.1%

an adaptive user interface model based on experience awareness

针对传统自适应界面缺乏自主学习用户交互历史、难以根据用户经验有效预测用户意图的现状,基于认知心理学相关理论,该文提出了基于经验感知的自适应用户界面模型,从界面静态组成元素、动态交互行为和自适应策略三个方面建立了该模型的统一描述,然后研究了自适应界面模型的实现架构、关键技术和建模方法.最后开发了一个个性化的虚拟家居定制原型系统,并进行了实验评估.实验结果表明,该模型能够根据用户交互历史和上下文环境,准确预测用户意图,实时调整界面布局和交互行为以主动地适应用户.国家自然科学基金(60703078,61173057)|国家“九七三”重点基础研究发展规划项目基金(2011CB302205)|国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划项目基金(2011AA040501)资助Traditional adaptive interface lacks the ability of self-learning user interaction history and can't predict user's intent effectively with their experiences. Based on the theory of cognitive psychology, this paper proposes an adaptive user interface model based on experience awareness. Firstly, the model is described by static interface elements, dynamic interactive actions as well as adaptive strategies. Secondly, we study the implementation architectures, key techniques and modeling method of adaptive interface model. We built a personal virtual furniture customizing system and verified it by experiments. The experiments demonstrate that the model can obtain the user's intent fairly well, adjust interface layout and interactive actions in real time to adapt to them

a model driven development method for pen-based form interface software

由于用传统的开发方法开发笔式表单界面软件,开发周期长、成本高且难以适应需求变更,难以提供用户概念模型和系统实现模型相一致的软件,针对此问题,提出了一种模型驱动的笔式表单界面软件开发方法,首先提出笔式表单用户界面模型——PFUIM.然后,基于PFUIM提出模型驱动的笔式界面软件的开发框架.该框架描述了笔式用户界面软件的开发模型,详细论述了各个模型的结构以及模型之间的关系;最后,在开发框架的基础上,提出了开发笔式表单界面软件的建模方法和系统自动生成方法,并通过一个实例说明该框架指导笔式表单界面软件开发的指导作用.国家自然科学基金项目(61173057,60970090)|国家“九七三”重点基础研究发展计划基金项目(2011CB302205)|国家“八六三”高技术研究发展计划基金项目(2011AA040501)Most of the existing pen-based form applications are developed by traditional software development methods. Whether they are structured development method, rapid prototyping or extreme programming,in essence, they emphasize on the documents generated in each development phase. The documents are independent each other,so they tend to provide the software with the user needs inconsistent with the system implementation model. The methods also need a long life cycle and high cost,and it is difficult for them to adapt to requirement changes. Furthermore, the pen-based interface software with the characteristics of inteliigence and ambiguity is very sophsicated. To address the problems above, a model driven development method for pen-based form interface software is presented. Firstly,a pen-based form user interface model is proposed. Secondly, the development framework for pen-based interface software is presented, and its development model is described,with the structures of the models and their relaionship introduced in details. Finally,the modeiing methods and the automatic generation methods of system for pen-based interface software are brought forward based on the framework. An example is described and evaluated by experiments. The results demonstrate that the method can help end users develop the pen-based form interface software

虚拟家居定制系统中的自适应用户界面实现机制

为了满足交互过程中的个性化需求,提出一种基于交互历史的自适应用户界面实现机制.以虚拟家居定制系统为例,对个性化定制过程中的典型交互任务进行分类;讨论了基于交互历史的在线跟踪机制,提出了基于交互历史序列分析的活动预测方法和可视对象的自适应布局机制.实验结果表明,文中方法是可行的.To fulfill the personal requirements in the interaction, an adaptive user interface based on the interactive history is proposed. The virtual furniture layout customizing system is adopted as the example. Firstly, the typical interaction tasks in personalized customization are classified. Then, the on-line tracking mechanism based on the interaction history is discussed. Finally, an operation predicting method based on historical interaction sequence analysis is proposed for the self-adaptive layout of visual objects. The implementation results show that the proposed method is feasible