Resilience Assessment of Coastal Urban Land-Water System and Landscape Pattern Design

在过去的十年间，我国海岸带地区尤其是东部沿海地区，经历了快速城市化的过程，不断加剧的土地利用变化，尤其是不透水面景观的增加引发了一定程度的环境退化。不可逆的景观变化可能会引发城市系统功能的损失以及不良的弹性转变，其中最重要的影响便是水质的退化以及水资源短缺，严重干扰城市水景观安全格局，对该区域水环境与水资源系统造成严重影响。 本研究基于弹性量化框架，利用改进的方法来量化、评估2005-2015年间连云港城市水-土地利用系统的弹性，指标体系中除传统的常用的水质、水量指标外，特别增加了不透水面的相关指标。评估结果发现2005-2015年间连云港水量以及不透水面的弹性变化对叠加的城市水-土地利用系...Coastal areas have experienced rapid urbanization and reclamation (land development) with increasing of impervious surface area, while experiencing considerable environmental degradation. The irreversible changes of landscape pattern may lead to a system’s critical function loss and undesirable resilience transformation. The most significant affects were water quality deterioration and water short...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与海岸带发展研究院_海洋事务学号：3042015115245

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON FRACTAL DIMENSION CHARACTERISTICS of ACOUSTIC EMISSION of ROCK UNDER MULTILEVEL UNIAXIAL CYCLIC LOADING

通过对三种岩石试样进行单轴循环加载试验,获得岩石试样加载过程中声发射事件率、能量率和空间位置分布数据。运用相空间重构理论直接从时间序列上通过g-P算法求得事件率和能量率关联分维,根据柱覆盖法求解得到声发射事件源空间分布关联分维。研究结果表明,声发射事件率、能量率和空间分布都具有分形特性,且声发射源空间分布分形特性最为显著。相空间的选取对关联维数有一定影响,相空间取值为4时能够较好地计算关联维数。将不同加卸载循环声发射源空间分布的变化趋势和声发射源空间分布关联维数变化趋势进行对比发现,声发射关联维数能够很好地反映岩石内部损伤破坏的发展。在等压加卸载条件下,声发射源空间分布关联维数显著突增。随着加卸载循环应力的增加,关联维数总体呈下降趋势,在达到较高应力时,关联维数则在较小区间内波动或下降趋势变得极其缓慢。该特点可以作为矿山地压微震监测预警的参考依据。Experiments on acoustic emission(AE) characteristics of fractal were carried out under uniaxial multilevel cyclic loading.AE rate, energy rate and spatial distribution of different rock specimens were obtained.Relevant fractal dimensions of AE rate and energy rate were figured out through G-P algorithm based on the theory of reconstruction of phase space.Relevant fractal dimensions of AE spatial distribution was figured out through column-covering method.The results show that AE rate, energy rate and AE spatial distribution are of fractal characteristics,and among them, AE spatial distribution has the most obvious fractal characteristics.Phase space has some effects on relevant fractal dimensions, and it is better to choose 4 as the basic dimension for correlation dimension calculation.The comparison of development trend of AE spatial distribution and relevant fractal dimensions under different cycles shows that fractal characteristics can reflect the statistical evolution of the micro-cracks in rock.Relevant fractal dimension increases under isobaric cyclic loading and decreases with the increasing of stress.Relevant fractal dimensions fluctuate in a small range or decrease slowly when the higher stress has been reached.The characteristics above can be used as the reference for micro-seismic monitoring warning on ground pressure in mining.国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAB02B06); 国家科技部科研院所技术开发研究专项资金项目(2013EG215024

The Multi-criteria Evaluation of Rockburst Proneness on Deep Buried Large Tunnel

研究目的:高铁北武夷山隧道是一座单洞双线隧道,隧道最大埋深达1 100 M,属于高应力区,开挖过程中可能会出现岩爆现象。通过对隧道高应力地区采集的岩样进行室内岩爆倾向性实验,并结合声发射监测技术,得到岩石单轴抗压强度等性能参数,先采用强度脆性系数法、变形脆性系数法、弹性应变能指标法、切向应力准则四种单指标评价方法进行岩爆倾向性评价,然后运用四指标模糊数学综合评价法进行评价。研究结论:(1)结合声发射监测技术进行岩石力学实验,获得的变形脆性系数、弹性应变能指标系数相比常规实验更加精确;(2)根据岩体性质和围岩的应力情况,在传统综合评价方法基础上增加了变形脆性系数法评判指标,结果表明采用模糊数学综合评价方法得到的评价结果与单指标评价相比,更加符合隧道岩爆的实际情况;(3)本研究成果为隧道岩爆预测提供了可行方法,对于类似工程提前防治岩爆有借鉴意义。Research purposes: North Wuyi Mountain of high-speed railway is a single hole bidirectional tunnel,and the maximum depth of the tunnel is as deep as 1100 meters,so it belongs to high stress area that may cause rockburst in the process of excavation.The indoor experiments about rockburst proneness of rock samples which were collected in high stress area of the tunnel are recorded in this paper,and some property parameters of rock like the uniaxial compressive strength were got combining acoustic emission testing.Four kinds of single index evaluation method were used to evaluate rockburst proneness firstly,including the intensity of brittleness coefficient method,the deformation brittleness coefficient method, the elastic strain energy method and the tangential stress criterion.Then the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy mathematical was used to evaluate.Research conclusions:( 1) Combined with acoustic emission monitoring technology,we can get two indexes more accurately than conventional experiment.( 2) According to rock properties and surrounding rock stress,we increase the evaluation indicator of deformation brittleness coefficient method.It showed that the results from the comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy mathematical are more in line with the actual situation of the rock burst of tunnel compared with the single index evaluation.( 3) The research result provides a feasible method to predict rockburst and it is significant to prevent and control of rockburst in advance for similar engineering

生态保护红线划定的情景分析方法及生态管治应用

随着国家生态文明建设的发展,生态保护红线的地位日益凸显。本文提出基于情景分析的生态保护红线划定方法。以福建省永安市为例,通过权衡不同部门、当地群众意见及实地调研结果,设置不同的生态保护红线划定情景,将各方可接受的方案作为最终权衡方案。此方案既体现出生态保护,也为当地未来的发展预留出空间。本研究的划定方法能有效指导当地的＂多规合一＂和生态管治,为权衡妥协过程的技术方法提供支撑,增加决策的科学性。“国家生态文明试验区（福建）实施方案”项目——永安市空间规划（2016—2020

Pregnane X receptor involves in the effect of aflatoxin B1 on necroptosis in human normal L02 liver cells

目的初步探讨孕烷X受体(PXr)对黄曲霉毒素b1(Afb1)诱导肝细胞dnA损伤和坏死性凋亡的影响。方法采用已构建的PXr高表达l02-PXr和空白载体对照l02-P b细胞;实时荧光定量PCr(Q rT-PCr)检测细胞nr1I2和CyP3A4 M rnA水平改变;蛋白免疫印迹(WESTErn blOTTIng)检测细胞内PXr和坏死性凋亡下游效应自噬分子lC3-Ⅰ和lC3-Ⅱ蛋白相对表达含量;双核微核试验(CbMn)检测细胞遗传损伤情况;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定Afb1对细胞活性抑制影响;利用坏死性凋亡抑制剂nEC-1构建坏死性凋亡抑制的细胞模型,验证Afb1诱导的坏死性凋亡的效应。结果与l02-P b细胞相比,l02-PXr细胞nr1I2 M rnA和PXr蛋白显著上调(均P<0.001)。Afb1显著地诱导l02-P b和l02-PXr细胞中CyP3A4 M rnA上调(均P<0.05),在l02-PXr细胞中的效应更为明显。与对照组相比,Afb1在5~30μMOl/l呈剂量反应关系诱导l02-P b和l02-PXr细胞的微核率增高(均P<0.05),l02-PXr细胞更为明显;同时,Afb1明显地诱导两株细胞的核芽率和核桥率,但随Afb1剂量增高都有下降趋势。细胞活性随Afb1浓度(1.875~120μMOl/l)增加呈剂量反应关系抑制(均P<0.05);且相对于l02-P b细胞,l02-PXr细胞对Afb1处理48 H诱导的细胞活性抑制作用更为敏感(P<0.05)。nEC-1可显著性抑制Afb1诱导的l02-PXr细胞活性抑制率(P<0.05),然而却不能降低Afb1诱导l02-P b细胞活性抑制率。此外,Afb1显著性诱导l02-P b和l02-PXr坏死性凋亡下游lC3-Ⅱ的上调(均P<0.05);且与l02-P b细胞相比,nEC-1对Afb1诱导的l02-PXr细胞活性抑制和lC3-Ⅱ上调的抑制效果更为明显(P<0.05)。结论 PXr参与Afb1诱导人肝细胞dnA损伤介导的坏死性凋亡,与PXr促进Afb1诱导CyP3A4基因上调有关。Objective To investigate the effects of pregnane X receptor(PXR) over expression on aflatoxin B1(AFB1)-induced DNA damage and necroptosis in human normal liver L02 cells.Methods The established cells models of stable transfection of over expression PXR(L02-PXR) and null vector p Babe-puro(L02-p B) were used.The background levels of NR1I2 m RNA and PXR protein, and the expression of AFB1-induced CYP3A4 m RNA and LC3-I / LC-3II protein were determined by the real time PCR(q RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively.The cytokinesis-block micronucleus(CBMN)assay was adopted to evaluate the genotoxicity.The cell viability inhibition rate was determined by MTT assay, after treatment with different doses of AFB1.The inhibition models of necroptosis were established by treatment with necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1.Results The expression of NR1I2 m RNA and PXR protein in L02-PXR cells were higher than that in L02-p B cells(all P<0.001).The level of CYP3A4 m RNA was significantly up regulated in L02-p B and L02-PXR cells by treatment with AFB1(all P<0.05).Compared with control group(Ctrl), MN frequencies in L02-p B and L02-PXR cells were significantly increased by treatment with AFB1 in a dose-dependent manner(all P <0.05), especially, in L02-PXR cells.Meanwhile, NBD and NBP frequencies were significantly increased by treatment with AFB1.However, AFB1 with a higher dose induced downward trends in frequencies of NBD and NBP.Moreover, the inhibition rate of cell viability was increased after treatment with AFB1(1.875~120 μmol / L) in a dose-dependent manner(all P <0.05); specifically, the inhibitory effects of AFB1-treatment after 48 h were significantly stronger in L02-PXR cells than in L02-p B cells(P <0.05).Interestingly, necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 could inhibit AFB1-induced cell death in L02-PXR cells(P<0.05).On the contrary, Nec-1 could not prevent L02-p B cells from death by treatment with AFB1.In addition, the expression of necroptotic LC3-II, a classical marker of autophagy, was significantly increased by treatment with AFB1 in two cell lines(all P <0.05).Notably, pre-treatment with Nec-1 was able to block the inducement of necroptotic LC3-II in a more efficiently way in L02-PXR cells than in L02-p B cells(P <0.05).Conclusion PXR involved in the effect of AFB1 on necroptosis by DNA damage mediation in human liver cells;specifically, the up regulation of CYP3A4 gene may relate to the AFB1-induced DNA damage.国家自然科学基金(81172705;81072334); 广东省自然科学基金(S2011020002769); 福建省自然科学基金(2014J01372

The clinical significance of KAI1 /CD82 expression in colon tumor

目的　KAI1是一种特异性抑制肿瘤转移的基因,其蛋白产物为KAI1/CD82。通过检测 6 4例结肠腺癌石蜡切片的KAI1/CD82蛋白表达,探讨其与预后等临床因素的相关性。方法　肿瘤经福尔马林固定 ,石蜡包埋。免疫组化方法检测石蜡切片中KAI1/CD82蛋白表达水平。生物学统计采用 χ2 检验法。生存曲线采用Kaplan Meier软件绘制。结果　KAI1/CD82蛋白呈现棕褐色、细颗粒状物 ,弥漫性分布结肠腺癌细胞膜上。KAI1/CD82蛋白在结肠腺癌组织中表达阳性率为 5 1.5 6 %。生物学统计结果表明 ,KAI1/CD82蛋白表达与淋巴结转移、远处转移及肿瘤临床分期等密切相关 ,有统计学意义 ;而与肿瘤患者的年龄和性别、肿瘤大小、分化程度及肿瘤部位等无关。KAI1/CD82蛋白阳性结肠腺癌患者的术后生存期明显高于阴性患者 ,前者平均术后生存期为 5 4 .2 7± 2 1.5 1月 ,而后者仅为 37.5 5± 15 .17月 ,具有统计学意义。结论　KAI1/CD82表达水平与结肠腺癌分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移关系密切 ,可能和其它指标一起作为判断结肠腺癌预后的指标之一 ,对术后进一步治疗具... 【英文摘要】 Objective KAI1 gene is a specific metastasis suppressor gene, and its protein product is KAI1 /CD82. The relationship between KAI1 /CD82 expression and colon cancer patient prognosis was investigated. Methods 64 colon tumor specimens were detected and analyzed for their KAI1 /CD82 protein expression level with immunohistochemical method, the paraffin embedded tissue sections were incubated with anti KAI1 antibody. The Student s t test and the Kaplan Meier method were used. Results The KAI1 /CD82 pro...教育部科学技术重点项目(00073)；教育部访问学者专项基金(2000年度

CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil

用不同的前驱物合成了三种CaO催化剂,并以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、程序升温脱附(TPD)等方法加以表征.这些CaO被用作大豆油(SBO)经酯交换制取脂肪酸甲酯(FAME),即生物柴油的催化剂,由方解石制备的氧化钙(Cal(N))表现了最好的SBO酯交换活性.检测发现CaO的酯交换活性与它们的碱性强度密切相关,当暴露于CO2气氛下,显著降低了CaO的酯交换催化活性(Raman光谱测试显示当置CaO于常温空气中,其表面形成的CaCO3和Ca(OH)2将阻止CaO继续参与SBO的酯交换反应).CO2的毒化颇受制于CaO前驱体种类,Cal(N)比来自文石的CaO(即Ara(N))有更好的抗CO2毒化能力;这些受损的CaO催化活性可部分复原.提出了CaO催化剂受CO2毒化及其再生的机理,同时讨论了SBO酯交换活性相到底是CaO固体表面,拟或溶解了的CaO的问题.Three different calcium oxide catalysts were synthesized from different precursors and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). They were used as catalysts in the transesterification of soybean oil (SBO) for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), namely biodiesel. Calcium oxide from calcite (Cal(N)) showed the highest activity towards the transesterification of SBO. The transesterification activity of CaO was found to be highly related to the basicity of the catalysts. The catalytic activity of CaO greatly decreased when CaO was exposed to CO2. (Raman spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the formation of CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 on the surface of CaO when CaO was exposed to room air prevented CaO from participating in the transesterification of SBO). The degree of poisoning was highly dependent on the type of precursors with Cal(N) more resistant to CO2 poisoning than CaO from aragonite (Ara(N)). Deactivated CaO catalysts could be partially regenerated. A mechanism was proposed to explain the poisoning and regenerating processes. Furthermore, whether the solid phase of CaO or dissolved CaO was the active species in the transesterification of SBO was also investigated.教育部生物质能源重大项目(教技司(2007)29号文);; 固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室资

Effects of cadmium on promoter methylation and transcriptional level of PPP2R1A gene in hepatocytes

目的分析镉染毒处理肝细胞中蛋白磷酸酶2A(PP2A)-Aα支架亚基基因PPP2r1A启动子区甲基化状态及其转录水平的改变。方法采用永生化人正常肝l02细胞及肝细胞癌HEP g2细胞为研究对象,对其进行以下分组和处理:1低、中和高剂量氯化镉(Cd Cl2)处理组,分别予浓度为20.0、40.0和60.0μMOl/l Cd Cl2处理24 H;2低、中和高剂量5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷(5-AzA-d C)处理组,分别予浓度为2.5、5.0和10.0μMOl/l 5-AzA-d C处理48 H;3 5-AzA-d C组予浓度为5.0μMOl/l的5-AzA-d C处理48 H,Cd Cl2组予浓度为40.0μMOl/l的Cd Cl2处理24 H,(5-AzA-d C+Cd Cl2)组予浓度为5.0μMOl/l的5-AzA-d C预处理48 H后再予浓度为40.0μMOl/l Cd Cl2处理24 H;4 Cd Cl2处理组予浓度为40.0μMOl/l Cd Cl2处理24 H。上述4种分组均设对照组,予等体积生理氯化钠溶液或二甲基亚砜处理。经1~3处理后的细胞采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCr)检测PPP2r1A、金属硫蛋白1b(MT1b)和dnA甲基转移酶3A(dnMT3A)的MrnA转录水平(以对照组水平为1.00)。经4处理后的细胞采用亚硫酸氢盐修饰后PCr扩增PPP2r1A启动子区克隆测序检测CP g岛的甲基化情况。结果 l02细胞和HEP g2细胞中,不同剂量Cd Cl2处理组PPP2r1A MrnA转录水平随镉处理剂量增高呈剂量依赖性下降(P0.05)。结论外源化学物Cd Cl2可诱导肝细胞中PPP2r1A转录水平降低,可能与镉能够引起目的基因启动子区甲基化状态改变有关,提示PP2A亚基基因的表观遗传学调控可影响镉诱导的肝细胞功能。Objective To analyze the effects of cadmium on the promoter methylation and transcriptional level of protein phosphatase 2A( PP2A)-Aα supported subunit gene PPP2R1 A gene in hepatocytes.Methods The immortalized human fetal liver cell line L02 and the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep G2 were selected as the research objects: 1 Cells were treated with low-,medium- and high-dose( 20.0,40.0 and 60.0 μmol / L) cadmium chlorid( Cd Cl2) for 24 h.2Cells were treated with low-,medium- and high-dose( 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 μmol / L) 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine( 5-Aza-d C)for 48 h.3 Cells were given 5.0 μmol / L for 48 h in 5-Aza-d C group,cells were exposed to 40.0 μmol / L Cd Cl2 for 24 h in Cd Cl2 group and cells were exposed to 40.0 μmol / L Cd Cl2 for 24 h after 48 h pretreatment of 5.0 μmol / L 5-Aza-d C in( 5-Aza-d C + Cd Cl2) group.4 Cells were treated with 40.0 μmol/L Cd Cl2 for 24 h in Cd Cl2 group.The above groups were all given the controls with the same volumes of physiological sodium chloride solution or dimethyl sulfoxide.Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction( PCR) detection was used to detect the mRNA transcriptional levels of PPP2R1 A,Metallothionein 1B( MT1B),DNA methyltransferase 3A( DNMT3A) after treatments 1-3.After treatment4,cloning sequencing was used to detect the Cp G island methylation status of PPP2R1 A promoter after bisulfite sequencing PCR.Results In L02 and Hep G2 cells,the transcriptional levels of PPP2R1 A mRNA in Cd Cl2 group were decreased in a dose-dependent manner( P 0.05).Conclusion It was indicated the Cd Cl2 could lead to the transcription inhibition of PPP2R1 A,and the effect may be related with the change of its promoter methylation status.These data showed epigenetic regulation of PP2 A subunit genes may affect the function of hepatocytes exposed to cadmium.国家自然科学基金(81172705;81072334;81130052); 广东省自然科学基金重点项目(S2011020002769

Recruitment of cyanobacteria from sediment of the Shanzai Reservoir

采用正交试验考察了温度、光照、营养盐和物理扰动4个因素对山仔水库冬季沉积物中蓝藻复苏的影响,每个因素设置两个水平,培养周期为6d,并以蓝藻复苏量为考察指标.结果表明,温度和光照为蓝藻复苏的主要影响因子,上覆水体的营养盐、物理扰动对沉积物中蓝藻门复苏的影响作用不显著,不同的蓝藻种属对温度和光照条件的响应程度不完全一致,蓝藻门微囊藻属(MICrOCySTIS)对温度和光照的复苏响应显著,颤藻属(OSCIllATOrIA)仅对温度的复苏响应显著.同时,通过设置6.0~16.0℃之间6个温度梯度及50和2000lX两个光照梯度,进行了沉积物柱状样复苏模拟实验.结果显示,山仔水库冬季沉积物微囊藻属和颤藻属在10℃左右开始复苏,微囊藻属对光的敏感性使其更容易处于优势地位.The effects of four environmental factors,including temperature,light,nutrient and physical disturbance,on the cyanobacteria recruitment from the winter sediment in the eutrophic Shanzai Reservoir were investigated using an orthogonal experiment.Two levels were designed for each factor and the experiments lasted for six days.The results showed that temperature and light were the most important for the recruitment of Microcystis and Oscillatoria.Increasing temperature would promote the recruitment of Microcystis and Oscillatoria which would make the cyanobacteria to dominate.The effects of the overlying water nutrient status and the physical disturbance on the recruitment of Microcystis and Oscillatoria from sediments were not obvious.Based on the results,different temperatures and light intensities were designed in the simulation experiment.The incubation temperatures were increased from 6.0 to 16.0 ℃ with six levels while each temperature level was kept for four days under 2000 and 50 lx light intensities,respectively.Recruitment was calculated by the diminution of benthic cyanobacteria abundance,and moreover,by the increase of cyanobacteria abundance in the water column.It is shown that the recruitment of Microcystis and Oscillatoria started at about 10 ℃.It was also demonstrated that the migration of Microcystis from the sediments was more pronounced at higher light intensity(2000 lx) than in dark(50 lx) treatments.国家自然科学基金项目(No.41101060);福建省自然科学基金(No.2010J01250);福建省教育厅科学研究基金(No.JA10085);厦门大学近海与海洋环境国家重点实验室青年学者访问基金项目(No.MELRS1103)---

Simultaneous determination of 14 phthalate ester residues in animal innards by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization

开展了动物内脏中14种酞酸酯类(PAEs)环境激素残留的气相色谱-电子轰击离子源质谱(GC-EI/MS)分析方法的研究,优化与选择了动物内脏样品的前处理条件。动物内脏样品经正己烷-二氯甲烷(体积比为1∶1)混合提取剂超声提取、Florisil硅土固相萃取柱净化与乙酸乙酯-正己烷(体积比为2∶3)混合洗脱剂洗脱和浓缩后,以邻苯二甲酸二苯基酯(DPhP)为内标物,采用GC-EI/MS的选择离子检测方式(SIM)进行定性和定量分析。当猪肝样品的加标浓度水平为100,200,400μg/kg时,加标回收率为60%~110%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~10.3%。除邻苯二甲酸二甲氧基乙酯(DMEP)与邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙氧基乙基)酯(DEEP)的方法检出限(MDL)分别为3.30μg/kg与2.25μg/kg外,其余12种PAEs的MDL均不大于1.74μg/kg;线性范围为50.0~800.0μg/kg,相关系数均大于0.9994。该分析方法已成功地应用于6种动物内脏中14种痕量PAEs残留的分析。An analytical multiresidue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 14 phthalate esters (PAEs) in animal innards by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization (GC-EI/MS). After the optimization of different parameters such as the extraction solvent, PAEs were extracted from animal innards with hexane-dichloromethane (1∶1, v/v) in an ultrasonic bath and cleaned up on a Florisil column, then were determined by GC-EI/MS in selected ion monitoring mode with diphenyl phthalate (DPhP) as internal standard. The recovery studies were performed at 100, 200 and 400 μg/kg levels for each PAE, and the recoveries ranged from 60%-110% with the relative standard deviations between 0.8% and 10.3% for different PAEs. The detection limit of the method was less than 1.74 μg/kg for most of PAEs except dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP) and di(2-ethoxyethyl) phthalate (DEEP). The method was linear over the range of 50.0-800.0 μg/kg with the correlation coefficients larger than 0.999 4. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of 14 PAEs in six animal innards.国家基础科学人才培养基金(J0630429)项目资