〔報文〕敦煌莫高窟第285窟における壁画の劣化への光環境の影響

Influences of direct and diffused solar radiation on the deterioration of mural paintings are quantified in Cave 285. Diffused solar radiation influences a large range of the walls and contributes to widespread deterioration across the mural paintings. The influence of direct solar radiation is limited to the part on the west, south, and north walls. This paper considers direct solar radiation on walls and not solar radiation reflected from the walls. In order to understand the relationship between deterioration and the amount of solar radiation, the influence of radiation reflected from the walls and the floor remains to be considered. There are many environmental factors causing deterioration of mural paintings: fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity, water contained in materials and so on. A comprehensive consideration should be given to prevent and control the deterioration of mural paintings

金属苯的亲核加成和芳香亲核取代反应

近年来有关金属苯亲核反应的研究工作为证实金属苯的芳香性提供了有力的实验证据,发展了经典有机化学的芳香亲核取代反应理论.同时,借助金属苯亲核反应的研究还可获得一系列结构新颖的金属有机化合物.本文就迄今为止已报道的金属苯的亲核加成和芳香亲核取代反应进行了全面的总结

Evaluation of convective PCR for the detection of influenza A virus

目的评价热对流PCR应用于口岸现场甲型流感病毒快速检测的效果。方法设计热对流PCR的引物和探针,用于甲型流感病毒的检测。用甲型和乙型流感病毒毒株和入境发热人员的鼻咽拭子样本验证热对流PCR的检测灵敏度、特异性及稳定性,并与市售商品化实时荧光定量PCR试剂比较检测甲型流感病毒的效果。结果通过对8株甲型流感病毒和1株乙型流感病毒毒株进行检测,热对流PCR对H1、H3及H5亚型的甲型流感病毒毒株的检测下限为0.001~0.005HAU,具有较好的检测广谱性,且不与乙型流感病毒发生交叉反应。对155份鼻咽拭子样本进行检测,和实时荧光定量PCR相比,检测灵敏度为94.74%,特异性为97.44%,且具有很好的检测稳定性。结论热对流PCR具有很高的检测灵敏度和特异性,可用于口岸现场的甲型流感病毒快速筛查。Objective To evaluate the efficiency of convective PCR on rapid detection of influenza A virus at frontier ports. Methods The convective PCR primers and probe were designed for the detection of influenza A virus.Influenza A virus strains,influenza B virus strain and nasopharyngeal swabs of entry travelers with fever were used to analyze the sensitivity,specificity and stability of convective PCR. The detection efficiency of convective PCR was compared with commercial Real-time PCR kit. Results A broad detection spectrum of convective PCR was observed in testing 8 influenza A virus strains with different genotypes（H1、H3 and H5）and 1 influenza B virus strain,the detection limit of convective PCR for influenza A virus strain was 0.001 ~0.005 HAU. There was no cross reaction with influenza B virus. When convective PCR was applied to the detection of 155 nasopharyngeal swabs,comparison with Real-time PCR,the detection sensitivity was 94.74%,the detection specificity was 97.44%,and the detection stability was good. Conclusion Convective PCR had a high sensitivity and specificity,was fit for the rapid detection for influenza A virus at frontier ports.厦门市科技惠民计划项目（3502Z20174044）; 国家质检总局科技计划项目（2014IK045）; 福建省自然科学基金项目（2010J01152

ADVANCES IN CHROMASOME RESEARCH IN MARINE ZOOPLANKTON IN CHINA

国家自然科学基础研究重大项目G1999043708

授業で得た情報の統合の過程―Scratch-Build概念マップの変化を通して―

本研究では，2015年度から2018年度に開講された貧困とその支援をテーマとする大学の人文科学系のオムニバス授業において，複数回作成されたScratch-Build概念マップの命題の種類から5つの類型に分類し，作成を経るごとにどのように類型が変化するのかを検討した。その結果，作成を経るごとに，授業で提供された概念と受講者が独自に作成した概念とを結びつけた命題の割合が多いScratch-Build 概念マップを作成するようになる受講者が多いことが示された。departmental bulletin pape

Development and fluidized simulation of semi-continuous pilot reactor for carbon nanotubes preparation

第一作者：朱丽（1980—），女，硕士研究生，从事化工过程开发与设计研究。E-mail:[email protected]。联系人：汤培平，教授。E-mail:[email protected]。[中文文摘]在间歇过程的碳纳米管制备实验基础上结合经验公式,开发设计了制备碳纳米管的半连续中试流化床反应器,结果表明:催化剂100 g、反应温度650℃时,甲烷平均转化率23.2%,碳纳米管产率为177.5 g/h,操作周期为间歇反应器的1/3,反应器可较好地实现碳纳米管制备功能。用计算流体力学方法对此反应器内的气固两相流化行为进行数值模拟,得到在工况条件下,最佳的催化剂用量为100 g、操作气速为0.15 m/s等工艺参数。[英文文摘]Semi-continuous pilot test fluidized bed reactor for carbon nanotubes preparation was designed and fabricated,base on experiments of batch fluidized bed reactor and repeated calculations.When reaction temperature is 650 ℃,reaction time is 4 h,velocity of CH4,H2,N2 are 0.1m/s,0.008 m/s,0.016 m/s,the yield of carbon nanotubes is 177.5 g/h,conversion of CH4 is 23.2%,production cycle is shortened by 2/3.The fluidization behavior of gas-solid fluidization process was calculated by using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) package Fluent6.1.And the optimal condition for carbon nanotubes is that the velocity of CH4 is 0.1m/s,and catalyst is 100g

学習者の授業内容理解の「見える化」が促す授業リフレクション―再構成型概念マップ導入による学習者の授業内容の内的構造理解の可視化―

近年，大学教育においてはFD活動が活発に行われており，これまでに学習者の授業内容理解の評価ツールが複数提案され利用されているが，それぞれに課題もある。本論文ではそれぞれの評価ツールの特長と課題とを整理した上で，いくつかの課題を解決する手段としてPC上で実施する再構成型概念マップKit-build方式概念マップ（KB概念マップ）の導入を提案する。学習者の内的構造理解に限定されるものの，KB概念マップを導入することで，授業者は授業内容に対する個々の学習者，及び学習者全体の理解状態を瞬時に評価することが可能となる。かつ個々の学習者や学習者全体が理解していない内容を特定するというKB概念マップの機能が，教授者に学習者の理解状態のどこに着目すべきかについての注意を促す。3年間の実践データから，これらのKB概念マップの機能により，学習者の理解状態に対応した教授行為を教授者自ら振り返るという授業リフレクションが生じ，学習者が理解するための授業改善をするように動機づけること，また授業改善の結果を次の授業のKB概念マップによりフィードバックを受けることが可能であることが示唆された。departmental bulletin pape

Optimization of Hydrometallurgical Purification for SiO_2 in the Process of Preparing Solar-grade Silicon

考察了Hf质量分数、H2C2O4质量分数、HnO3质量分数、酸浸时间、粒径、液体质量与固体质量的比值(简称液固比,下同)等因素对混酸法提纯SIO2工艺过程的影响,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表征。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:W(Hf)=2%、W(H2C2O4)=3%、W(HnO3)=30%、酸浸时间4 H、粒径100~120目、液固比4∶1、酸浸温度30℃。fE、Al、CA、P杂质的去除率分别达到99.99%、14.02%、73.27%、60.00%,经混酸法处理后SIO2中杂质总量的质量分数降至1.465x10-4。As a pre-treatment unit for preparing solar-grade silicon,hydrometallurgical route could remove most metallic impurities in silicon dioxide(SiO2) and raise the yield of the final product.Acid leaching of SiO2 could reduce the cost and energy consumption of industrialized development.Combined with high purity of reducing agent,the successor process of pyrometallurgy can also achieve "continuous casting".Factors such as the mass fraction of leaching agent,time,the particle size of SiO2,and the liquid-solid ratio were investigated,and the samples were characterized by means of ICP-OES,SEM,etc.The optimal reaction conditions were as follows:w(HF)=2%,w(H2C2O4)=3%,w(HNO3)=30%,reaction time 4 h,the average size of SiO2 powder particle 100～120 mesh,the liquid-solid ratio 4∶1,and room temperature 30 ℃.It was found that the final removal rates of impurities of Fe,Al,Ca,P could reach 99.99%,14.02%,73.27%,and 60.00% respectively and the mass fraction of total amount of impurities could be reduced to 1.465×10-4