Fabrication of Crack-free Photonic Crystal Films on Superhydrophobic Nanopin Surface

厦门大学生物仿生及软物质研究院林友辉副教授以及院长刘向阳教授在利用超疏水基底改善胶体小球自组装研究方向取得进展。 目前通过胶体小球自组装方法已构筑了许多复杂却高度有序的光子晶体。但是胶体小球在形成有序结构过程中会不可避免的产生收缩和应力，该方法通常会导致裂纹和缺陷的形成，降低了光子晶体的光学质量，也同时限制了其进一步的应用。 在该研究中，作者基于以上的研究现状，以纳米针状的超疏水表面为基底，来改善胶体小球的自组装，可以减少甚至消除大尺度的裂纹的效果。基于该原理，最后成功制备出厘米级别无裂纹的光子晶体薄膜。【Abstract】sed on their superior optical performance, photonic crystals (PCs) have been investigated as excellent candidates for widespread applications including sensors, displays, separation processes, and catalysis. However, fabrication of large-area PC assemblies with no defects and structurally controllable is still a tough task. Herein, we develop an effective strategy for preparing centimeter-scale crack-free photonic crystals films by the combined effects of soft assembly and superhydrophobic nanopin surfaces. Owing to its large contact angle and low adhesive force on the superhydrophobic substrate, the colloidal suspension exhibits a continuous retraction of the three-phase (gas−liquid−solid) contact line(TCL) in the process of solvent (water molecules) evaporation. The constantly receding TCL can bring the colloidal spheres closer to each other, which could timely close the gaps due to the loss of water molecules. As a result, close-packed and well-ordered assembly structures can be easily obtained. We expect that this work may pave the way to utilize novel superhy drophobic materials for designing and developing high-quality PCs and to apply PCs in different fields.This work is financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation (Nos. 21401154,U1405226), 111 project (B16029), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2014A030310005),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Nos. 20720170011,20720140528), Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20130121110018), Fujian Provincial Department of Science & Technology (2014H6022).X.Y.L.'s primary affiliation is the Department of Physics, National University of Singapore

Preparation of Crack-free Inverse-opal Films by Template/Matrix Co-assembly

近年来,由于在光学、电学和生化等领域具有广泛的潜在应用,有序多孔反蛋白石结构薄膜的研究引起了人们的广泛关注.但是其在制备过程中常常会形成一些无法; 控制的缺陷,限制了这类材料的普及和实际应用.通过使用两种基质前驱体(正硅酸乙酯或丝素蛋白)与胶体小球混合共组装,探究了二元体系共组装法制备无裂痕; 反蛋白石结构薄膜的可行性.并用扫描电镜和可见光谱对薄膜结构进行了表征.结果表明,对于正硅酸乙酯体系,在不影响胶体小球有序排列的条件下,正硅酸乙酯; 在小球间的空隙中发生溶胶凝胶转变,与微球共同组装成有序致密的整体,去除微球模板后,可以得到大规模(>200; mum)无缺陷有序的反蛋白石结构薄膜.而对于大分子丝素蛋白体系,由于它和胶体小球有较强的相互作用力,会抑制胶体小球的有序组装,导致无法形成有序结; 构薄膜.对两种二元共组装体系进行了实验探索,实验结果不仅有助于人们了解共组装方式的适用范围,而且为设计和制备无缺陷反蛋白石薄膜提供了新的途径.Recently, there has been a significant interest in utilizing well-ordered, porous inverse-opal films for applications in optical, electronic and (bio) chemical fields. However, uncontrolled defects are always formed during their preparation process, which limit their practical applications. In this work, we examine the feasibility of using template/matrix co-assembly strategies to fabricate crack-free inverse opal thin films. Polystyrene spheres (PS) are chosen as a colloidal template, and two matrix precursors [tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursor and regenerated silk fibroin solution] are used for the current study. Our scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical spectrum results show that, for the TEOS-based system, the resulting silica gel due to the sol-gel transition of TEOS can effectively fill the gap between particles, but cannot affect the self-assembly of PS colloidal particles. After selective removal of the PS template, centimeter-scale crack-free and well-ordered inverse opal films can be obtained. In addition, for a constant concentration of TEOS, the film thickness and order degree of structure can be simply tuned by adjusting the concentrations of colloidal spheres. In comparison with indirect approach through template self-assembly and liquid infiltration, such a co-assembly approach can effectively minimize the associated cracking and avoid the need for matrix infiltration into the preassembled colloidal spheres. On the other hand, macro-molecule silk fibroin has a relatively strong interaction with PS colloidal particles, which is demonstrated by SEM and confocal images. Due to their interaction, silk fibroin molecules are preferably adsorbed on the surface of PS spheres, which can restrain the self-assembly of colloidal particles. As a result, it cannot form well-ordered silk film based on such co-assembly strategy. That is to say, the co-assembly approach is not suitable for systems that matrices have strong interactions with templates. These findings pave the way to use the template/matrix co-assembly strategy for rationally designing and developing crack-free inverse opal films and to apply such well-ordered and porous materials in a variety of fields.National Natural Science Foundation of China [21401154, U1405226]; 111; Project [B16029]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province; [2014A030310005]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central; Universities of China [20720170011

纳米酶在疾病治疗中的最新进展

纳米酶是具有酶催化活性的纳米材料,对比天然酶,纳米酶具有价格便宜、制备工艺简单、稳定性好、循环利用率高等优势.早期的纳米酶研究主要集中在检测方面,包括检测离子、小分子、核酸、蛋白质、癌细胞等,随着对纳米酶的深入了解,研究人员发现纳米酶在疾病治疗领域也具有巨大的应用前景.本论文将介绍纳米酶在细菌感染、炎症、癌症、神经退行性疾病等治疗领域的最新研究进展

Reactivity Ratio of Methyl Acrylate with Methacrylates For Group TransFer Copolymerization

丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸酯基团转移无规共聚的竞聚率⒇邹友思林东海张景辉潘容华（厦门大学化工系，厦门大学核磁共振实验室，厦门，361005）单体竞聚率作为一个定量数据，对于不同投料比下共聚物组成的预计和控制，共聚反应动力学和机理研究均有重要作用。丙烯酸...Statistical group transFer copolymerization of methyl acrylate(MA) with methacrylates have been perFormed For three binary systems. The copolymer compositions were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and the results were evaluated by the extented Kelen Tudos method. The monomer pairs concerned are (1) methyl acrylate (MA) and ethyl methacrylate(EMA), (2) MA and butyl methacrylate(BMA), (3) MA and i butyl methacrylate(iBMA). The reactivity ratios were Found to be γ MA =14.41, γ EMA = 0.01 ; γ MA =13.96, γ BMA =0.23; γ MA =8.66, γ iBMA =0.08. It was Found that acrylate is much more reactive than methacrylate For GTP and anionic copolymerization.国家自然科学基

Controlled release method for herbicides in rhizosphere to prevent aggression of Spartina alterniflora in intertidal zone

为防除滨海滩涂互花米草入侵,探讨根际土壤缓释除草剂的新方法。该研究采用扩散法研究了蛭石、PE膜和合成壳聚糖膜3种缓释材料的根际缓释除草剂的性能,同时,采用根部浸泡试验验证根际施药防除互花米草的效果。结果表明,3种缓释材料的缓释性能差异显著,蛭石对草甘膦控释能力较弱,初始释放农药量最大,释放迅速,适合淤泥质潮滩;PE膜则表现出较强的控释能力,释放量较小,但整个过程释放量较稳定,适合沙质和近根际水体;壳聚糖膜介于两者之间。根部浸泡试验表明,0.25~1.00g/l草甘膦、0.09~0.23g/l百草枯、0.28~2.30g/l草铵膦根部浸泡2~6d即可显现毒杀互花米草效果,通过饱和土壤一维溶质渗滤模型计算,在点源释放模式下,除草际根部释放点间有效除草间距为50~60CM。研究证明了根际缓释除草剂防除互花米草具有可行性。To guard effectively against the ecological aggression of the smooth cord-grass Spartina alterniflora growing in intertidal zone,a new method was considered to apply herbicides in rhizosphere soil with controlled release techniques.Three types of controlled release materials,vermiculite particles,polyethylene(PE) and chitin membrane,were tested on their herbicide-releasing characteristics,meanwhile,three herbicides,including glyphosate,parauat and basta,were evaluated on the effects of killing the smooth cord-grass.The results show that the controlled herbicide-releasing ability of vermiculite particles is weaker than the other two materials,and its initial releasing quantity is bigger,so it can be used for the muddy beach.On the contrary,that of PE was stronger,and therefore it is suitable for a sandy beach.Furthermore,that of chitin membrane is between the vermiculite particles and PE membrane.The three herbicides,glyphosate,paraquat and basta,can kill the grass effectively after 2-6 days of cultivation in 0.25-1.00 0.09-0.23 and 0.28-2.30 g/L solutions,respectively.One dimensional model for solute infiltration in saturated soil was used to modulate the herbicide migration,and the modulation result suggested that the distant between any two herbicide-releasing points should be set at less than 50-60 cm in field weeding practice.The experiment proved it is feasible in practice to guard against the ecological aggression of smooth cord-grass by controlled release of herbicides in rhizosphere.国家海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200905009)资

退火温度对Cu_(NPs)@ZnO纳米复合薄膜结构与光学性能的影响

使用磁控溅射结合惰性气体冷凝的方法制备了Cu纳米粒子,通过将Cu纳米粒子沉积与ZnO离子束溅射原位复合的方法制得了CuNPs@ZnO纳米复合薄膜,并研究了退火温度对CuNPs@ZnO纳米粒子复合薄膜的结构和光学性能的影响。通过对样品的表征发现所得产物中存在着低温条件下难以形成的立方相、岩盐结构的ZnO。并且,样品的微观形貌、结晶性和光学性能随着退火温度的变化而发生显著地变化

丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯基团转移共聚研究

研究了三种丙烯酸酯分别和四种甲基丙烯酸酯的基团转移共聚，用１ＨＮＭＲ法测定共聚物组成，扩展的ＫｅｌｅｎＴｕｄｏｓ法测定竞聚率，结果为γＭＡ＝９２３、γＭＭＡ＝００６；γＥＡ＝１４１５、γＭＭＡ＝００１；γＢＡ＝７５１、γＭＭＡ＝００２；γＭＡ＝１４４１、γＥＭＡ＝００１；γＭＡ＝１３９６、γＢＭＡ＝０２３；γＭＡ＝８６６、γｉＢＭＡ＝００８，表明基团转移聚合同阴离子聚合有明显的相似之处

软光刻法制备具有表面微结构的角蛋白膜

近年来,使用微纳米制造工艺将蛋白质或多肽进行高精度空间图案化,推动了细胞生物学、组织工程学、药物科学等领域的发展.同时,羊毛角蛋白作为一种储量大的天然生物蛋白质,具有优异的水溶性、良好的生物相容性和可控的降解性,但羊毛角蛋白通常不能自组装形成凝胶网络或其他不溶形式,因此,使用羊毛角蛋白制备如纤维、薄膜、凝胶等的成型结构存在很大困难.本工作通过使用化学修饰的方法,在角蛋白上接枝功能基团,使角蛋白获得光敏感性,探究了共价交联法制备具有表面微结构角蛋白膜的可行性.并用3D激光扫描显微镜、紫外可见近红外光谱仪和傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪对薄膜结构进行了表征.结果表明,使用软光刻法可以得到表面微结构完整度很高的角蛋白膜.本工作对羊毛角蛋白共价交联法进行了实验探索,实验结果不仅为人们提供了一种软光刻技术制备具有表面微结构的角蛋白膜的方法,而且为羊毛角蛋白制备成型结构提供了新的途径.国家自然科学基金(Nos.21771150,21401154,U1405226)111计划(No.B16029)广东省自然科学基金(No.2014A030310005)中央高校基本业务费(No.20720170011)资助~

Morel-Lavallée损伤合并股骨转子间骨折1例并文献回顾

Morel-Lavallée损伤是一种严重的深部软组织脱套伤,常发生于四肢骨性凸起部位并多合并骨折,临床误诊、漏诊率高,给患者治疗效果带来严重的不良影响。在临床治疗中当Morel-Lavallée损伤合并骨折...福建省卫生系统中青年骨干人才培养项目(编号:2014-ZQN-JC-34

Current status of mangrove germplasm resources and key techniques for mangrove seedling propagation in China

红树植物种质与种苗生产是所有红树林生态恢复工程的基础.本文根据工程实践并结合已有研究资料,采用聚类分析等方法,对中国红树植物资源现状与苗木繁育关键技术进行初步分析.结果表明:中国红树群落可分为低温广布型、广布型、嗜热广布型和热带分布型4种类型;资源分布可划分为琼东沿海、北部湾沿海、珠江口至粤东沿海、闽南和台湾沿海、闽东至浙南沿海5个区域.其中,北部湾沿海红树林种质资源占全国的75.3%.目前中国红树植物苗木种类开发利用率为52.6%,以胎生红树植物为主.红树林苗木生产应注意繁育方法、种实采集与储存、育苗方式、水分和盐度选择、病虫害防治及越冬防寒措施6个技术环节.结合调查和生产实践,归纳分析了中国现有5种红树林苗圃类型(旱地设施苗圃、红树林滩涂苗圃、光滩苗圃、基围塘苗圃和米草滩涂苗圃)的结构和用途特点,为红树林生态恢复工程的系统集成管理提供参考.Mangrove germplasm and nursery operation are the foundations of all mangrove ecological restoration projects.Based on the existing literatures and our own experiences,and by using cluster analysis and other methods,this paper assessed the current status of the mangrove germplasm resources and the key techniques for mangrove seedlings propagation in China.In China,the mangrove communities could be divided into 4 types,including low temperature tolerant widespread type,widespread type,thermophilic widespread type,and tropical type,and the mangrove distribution sites could be divided into 5 regions,i.e.,eastern Hainan coast,Beibuwan Gulf coast,Pearl River estuary and eastern Guangdong coast,southern Fujian and Taiwan coast,and eastern Fujian and southern Zhejiang coast.The mangroves in Beibuwan Gulf coast region took up 75.3% of the total mangrove germplasm resources in the country.At present,the percentage of the mangrove species applied for seedling propagation in China was estimated at 52.6%,most of which were of viviparous species.The six key steps in mangrove nursery operation included the selection of proper seedling propagation methods,the collection and storage of seeds or propagules,the ways of raising seedlings,the management of water and salinity,the control of diseases and pests,and the prevention of cold damage during winter.The structure,functions,and applications of the present five types of mangrove nurseries,including dry land nursery,mangrove tidal nursery,mudflat nursery,Jiwei pond nursery,and Spartina mudflat nursery,were also analyzed,which could provide guidance for the integrated management of mangrove ecological restoration engineering.林业科技支撑计划项目(2009BAD2B0605);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200905009)资