Analysis on lung cancer mortality and years of life lost in urban and rural residents of Xiamen city

目的了解厦门市城乡居民肺癌死亡和减寿趋势变化,为厦门市肺癌预防控制工作提供依据。方法通过厦门市死因监测系统收集2003-2014年厦门市城乡居民肺癌死亡资料,采用SAS 9.1软件对死亡率、标化死亡率(SMR)、潜在寿命损失年(PYLL)、寿命损失率(PYLLR),标化寿命损失率(SPYLLR)、平均减寿年数(AYLL)、死亡率年均变化百分比等指标进行评价。结果 2003-2014年厦门市城市、农村居民肺癌死亡率分别为29.64/10万和25.40/10万,年均分别上升5.63%和4.98%;标化死亡率分别为32.78/10万和27.13/10万;无论城市、农村,肺癌标化死亡率男性均明显高于女性;死亡率均随着年龄的增长而升高,在70~79岁年龄组达到高峰。城市居民肺癌所致PYLL、PYLLR、SPYLLR、AYLL分别为27 944人年、2.11‰、2.41‰和7.12年,而农村分别为17 807人年、2.47‰、2.69‰和9.74年。结论厦门市城乡居民肺癌死亡呈上升趋势和老龄化趋势,应以男性、老年人群作为重点关注对象,重视肺癌防治工作。Objective To explore the trend of lung cancer mortality and years of life lost in urban and rural residents of Xiamen,and to provide the basis data for preventing lung cancer in Xiamen. Methods The lung cancer mortality data of urban and rural residents in Xiamen during 2003 to 2014 were collected. The SAS 9.1 software was used to assess the mortalities, the standard mortality rates(SMR), the potential years of life lost(PYLL), the rates of potential years of life lost(PYLLR), the standard rate of potential years of life lost(SPYLLR) the average potential life lost(AYLL) and the average percentage change(APC) of mortalities.Results During 2003 to 2014, the average lung cancer mortalities of urban and rural residents in Xiamen were 29.64/100 000 and25.40/100 000, respectively; the APCs were 5.63% and 4.98%, respectively; the SMRs were 32.78/100 000 and 27.13/100 000 persons, respectively; the lung cancer mortality in males was significantly higher than that in females, and the mortalities increased with age; the lung cancer mortality in 70-79 years old group was the highest. The PYLL, PYLLR, SPYLLR, and AYLL due to lung cancer in urban residents were 27 944 person years, 2.11‰, 2.41‰ and 7.12 years, respectively; and the PYLL, PYLLR, SPYLLR,and AYLL due to lung cancer in rural residents were 17 807 person years, 2.47‰, 2.69‰, and 9.74 years, respectively.Conclusion The lung cancer mortalities in urban and rural residents of Xiamen city had the increasing and aging trend. More attention should be paid to males and elders for preventing and treating of lung cancer.福建省卫生厅青年科研课题(2014-2-78

雷公藤胃漂浮缓释片的制备和质量评价

目的研制雷公藤胃漂浮缓释片,考察其漂浮和释药性能。方法采用粉末直接压片法制备雷公藤胃漂浮缓释片,以漂浮性能、雷公藤总二萜内酯的释放度为考察指标,进行处方筛选,并采用正交设计实验对处方进行优化。结果以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCK4M)为骨架材料,十六醇为助漂剂,碳酸氢钠为产气剂,聚维酮为致孔剂,制备了一天给药两次的胃内漂浮型缓释片。该制剂在人工胃液中立即起漂,2h释放约30%,6h释放约60%,12h释放90%以上,满足12h释放要求,体外释药规律符合Higuchi方程,说明本缓释片属于药物扩散和骨架溶蚀混合控释机制。结论研制的雷公藤胃漂浮缓释片具有良好的漂浮性能和释药特性

芬太尼联合氯诺昔康术后PCA镇痛疗效观察(附132例分析)

目的通过临床比较,探讨PCIA合理的用药剂量、镇痛效果和安全性。方法选取132例上腹部术后病人,随机分成三组,分别用不同配方,记录4、8、24、36、48h各时点VAPS评分结果、生命征、呼吸指标变化、不良反应等。结果Ⅱ组与Ⅰ、Ⅲ组比较,VAPS评分、MAP、HR在4h、8h时点差异有显著性(P<0.05);Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组比较,镇静状态评分在4h、8h时点明显升高,嗜睡、恶心发生率也增加;Ⅰ组寒战发生率高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组;三组RR、SpO2均无明显差异,提示无明显呼吸抑制发生。结论术后镇痛使用芬太尼12μg/kg·48h联合氯诺昔康32mg静脉PCA(自控镇痛)持续输注,能达到良好镇痛,减少并发症的发生

蝾螺(Turbo cornutus Solander)N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质的初步研究

以蝾螺内脏为材料,通过硫酸铵沉淀分级分离、SephadexG 200分子筛柱层析和两次DEAE SephadexA 50离子交换柱层析纯化,获得聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳单一纯的N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶制剂.纯酶的比活力为1448U·mg-1.酶的紫外特征吸收峰在275nm处,内源荧光发射峰在340nm处.以对 硝基苯 N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖为底物,研究酶催化底物水解的反应动力学,结果表明:酶的最适pH为4.5,最适温度为45℃.该酶在pH3.5～6.0区域较稳定,而在pH>7能很快失活;在40℃以下处理30min,酶活力保持稳定,高于40℃,酶稳定性较差,很快失活.酶促反应动力学符合米氏双曲线方程,测得米氏常数Km为3.13mmol·L-1,最大反应速度Vm为17.68μmol·L-1·min-1

2017年春季鲍鱼苗种生产情况调研分析

为准确把握2017年鲍鱼生产形势，我们组织开展2017年春季鲍鱼苗种生产情况调研。本次调研采取问卷调查、电话咨询、现场走访及专家会商等方式进行。总体上看，2017年春季鲍鱼苗种生产增量幅度较大，已超过养殖需求,苗价回落明显；今年投苗量增加明显，正常情况下，明年养殖存塘量随之增大，预计明年商品鲍鱼可能面临新一轮的跌价考验

三维CT影像资料测量国人心尖区心肌变薄的解剖学验证

背景:在常规心脏三维CT成像检查中可见国人心脏心尖部心肌存在变薄的影像改变,但未见文献报道。认识该影像征象的相关解剖及影像特征,可为临床相关学科的应用及研究提供客观基础。目的:确定国人心尖区心肌最薄点的存在,测量其厚度及位置关系。方法:解剖学观察12个体外心脏标本并利用游标卡尺测量心尖部最薄点厚度及左室心肌最厚处的厚度。选取2009-01/12在厦门大学附属中山医院CT室进行检查的69例无明确心脏疾患患者的三维CT资料,利用三维成像技术显示心尖部结构。测量心尖最薄点、左室心肌最厚处的厚度及心尖最薄点至冠状动脉前降支的距离。结果与结论:解剖学观察显示体外心脏标本心尖部存在心肌变薄区,厚度为(1.74±0.32)mm,左室心肌最厚处为(13.07±1.48)mm;三维CT可清楚显示心尖部心肌最薄区,厚度为(1.27±0.31)mm,左室心肌最厚处为(12.02±1.66)mm;心尖部最薄点到左冠状动脉前降支的距离为(13.70±3.78)mm。统计结果显示解剖学心尖部最薄点厚度与三维CT测量值差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结果证实国人心尖区心肌变薄是一种正常解剖结构,标本解剖学及活体三维CT影像学均可清楚显示

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Efficiency Improvement of a Photovoltaic-thermoelectric Hybrid System

太阳能电池和热电模块组成的复合系统有望获得较高的太阳能到电能的转换效率。本文利用热力学方法分析了由商业化太阳能电池构成的复合系统,并根据一维模型下能流输运特性计算了系统内各模块温度及其对转换效率的影响,发现低温度系数和低效率的太阳能电池可以通过构建复合系统获得更大的性能提升。同时,由于太阳辐照的有限性导致流经热电模块的热流受到限制,因此热电模块效率无法达到理想条件下的最优值。这表明复合系统的优化并非各个模块优化后结果的简单线性叠加,而需要考虑构成复合系统的各个模块间的约束条件进行整体计算和优化,即复合系统效率不仅与材料本征特性(如电导率、热导率等)有关,也和其工作状态(如入射太阳辐照强度、热电模块构成及几何尺寸、模块之间热学特性等)有关。上述模型与结果对于类似复合系统的设计有着指导作用。A hybrid system formed by a photovoltaic module and a thermoelectric module has a great potential to enhance the solar-to-electricity efficiency.A mathematical model based on the first law of thermodynamics and the heat transfer analyses of the hybrid system is built, where the overall efficiency of the system is enhanced by optimizing the system as a whole.The model is used to study hybrid systems formed by commercially available photovoltaic modules and thermoelectric modules.It is found that, due to a limited incoming heat flux for the thermoelectric module, the overall performance of the hybrid system depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the materials forming such a hybrid system, but also on their working conditions, such as incoming solar radiation, geometry of each module, and interfacial properties.The results indicate that only photovoltaic modules with low temperature coefficient and low efficiency can truly benefit from forming such hybrid system, and the optimization of a hybrid system must be done as a whole.教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金新教师项目(20090121120028);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类项目(20120121110021); 国家自然科学基金项目(U1232110

闽江口水、间隙水和沉积物中有机氯农药的含量

[摘要]：利用GC2ECD 和GC2MSD 对1999 年11 月闽江口水、间隙水和沉积物中的有机氯农药进行了研究. 结果显 示,闽江口水中有机氯农药的含量范围是01532～1182μg/ L ,间隙水中有机氯农药的含量为4154～1317μg/ L ,沉 积物(干重,以下讨论到的沉积物,无特别说明都是干重表示) :28179～52107μg/ kg ;与其他河口如珠江口、九龙江 口相比,闽江口的污染水平居中. 间隙水的污染物浓度普遍高于其上覆水的浓度,而沉积物中的浓度大于间隙水、 表层水,是由于有机污染物在水体中倾向于吸附在沉积物颗粒,并且通过再悬浮从底层向上迁移. 对水体中有机 氯农药各组分的含量及特征进行了分析,发现有机氯农药的主成分为:β2HCH ,DDE ,Heptachlor (七氯) ,Endosulfan Ⅱ(硫丹) ,Methoxychlor (甲氧滴涕) . DDE、β2HCH、Endosulfan Ⅱ分别占DDTs、HCHs 和硫丹的主要部分;有机氯 农药各组分间有正相关性,表明其河口有机氯农药陆源的土壤输入与相似的环境行为;对该河口的污染水平进行 了初步的评价,HCHs 符合国家海水水质一级标准,DDTs 则超过该标准.[Abstract]:The concentrations of 18 organochlorine pesticedes in water , pore water and surface sediment from Minjiang River Estuary were analyzed by GC2ECD , and confirmed by GC2MSD. The range of organochlorine pesticides was 01532～1182μg/ L at water , 4154～1317μg/ L at pore water , and 28179～52107μg/ kg at sediment . Compared with the results of other estuaries and gulfs (Pearl River Estuary , Jiulong River Estuary and so on) , it showed that the pollu2 tion of organochlorines in Minjiang was some moderate. The concentration difference in surface water , middle water , bottom water , pore water and sediment , due to the higher affinity of these hydrophobic compound for sedimentary phase than to water and a potential flux of pollutants from sediment to overlying water. The predominance ofβ2HCH ,DDE , Heptachlor , Endosulfan Ⅱand Methoxychlor in all water , pore water and sediment were clearly observed. On average , DDE、β2HCH、Endosulfan Ⅱoccupied the most part of total DDTs , HCHs and Endosulfans respectively , indicated the fate of these parent compounds or congeners. At the same time , it was found that thepositive relationship among the in2 dividual organochlorine components (HCHs , DDTs and Endosulfans) , which indicated that the similar of the source and behavior for organochlorine pesticides.海洋环境科学教育部重点实验室开放基金与教育 部重点基金联合资

Malformation rate of the developing f ish embryo of Plectorhinchus cinctus to indicate marine environment qual ity

[摘要]：以养殖场培育的花尾胡椒鲷受精卵为实验材料测试了厦门西海域5 个站位的表层水水样对花尾胡椒 鲷受精卵的胚胎发育毒性,并运用GC2MS 手段分析了水样中的美国EPA 优控的16 种PAHs 组分的含量。结 果表明:3 号站位(厦门市工业和生活污水主要排放口的外侧) 和4 号站位(厦门西港的港区) 的水样对鱼卵的胚 胎发育的毒性最强;8 号站位(位于主航道并濒临嵩屿电厂) 的水样对鱼卵胚胎发育的毒性次之,1 号站位(湾 口) 和5 号站位(内港) 的水样对鱼卵的胚胎发育的毒性较小。水样中的PAHs 含量分析结果表明,仅用水样中 的PAHs 含量不能全面地反映水样对鱼卵胚胎发育的毒性。最后,对本实验方法应用于海洋环境生物监测的有 效性进行了探讨。[Abstract]:Cultured zygotes of Plectorhi nchus ci nct us were done to make test the toxicity of surface water samples in Western Xia2 men Sea Area. The results showed that the water samples at Station 3 (the outlet of industrial and domestic sewage of Xiamen City) and Station 4 (the major port area of Xiamen Island) were the most toxic , it would be revealed that the industrial and domestic sewage and port pollution were the major sources of pollutants. Station 8 (in the sea - route and nearby a big power plant) was less toxic. The toxicity at station 1 (the outlet of Western Xiamen Bay) and Station 5 (the inner port area) were the least . The results showed that it was useful to test the toxicity of water samples by the method. Simultaneously sixteen components of EPA priority PAHs in these samples were also measured by GC/ MS (SIM mode) . The sequence of the toxicity to zygotes and the sequence of the concentrations of total PAHs were not the same , since the factors influencing the toxicity to zygotes were complicated , it would be also revealed that the method was useful to indicate the total marine environment quality.国家自然科学基金资助项目(A20077023 ,C40106012

福建鲍产业发展形势分析

鲍,素有\"软黄金\"的美誉。自上世纪90年代开始,福建引入皱纹盘鲍与日本盘鲍的杂交鲍并逐渐扩大养殖规模。笔者归纳了福建省鲍的养殖分布及生产情况,结合鲍的消费结构及产业支撑现状发现鲍产业发展过程中的育苗场规划,养殖管理,种质退化,安全用药等方面存在问题,对此提出推进科学养殖,增强环保意识;加强管理制度建设,实现质量监管;加强种质管理,选育新品种;加强技术体系建设;提升产业融合度等建议