撕开包裹——让她走出来——评《流亡》中的黄曼曼

左翼青年作家洪灵菲的《流亡》在1928年由现代书局出版,在当时反响颇大。其描绘的是革命青年在大革命失败后为了逃避国民党的追捕而流亡东南亚诸国的经历。在爱情与革命的纠缠中,男权意识和性别歧视有意无意地将女主人公置于边缘地带,时隐时现。本文试图从细读文本出发,将她从阴影中牵引出来,给她一个全貌。撕开包裹,让她走出历史的迷雾,与“他“并驾齐驱

Early Chinese Literature in Singapore and Malaysia under the influence of May 4th Enlightenment Thoughts - New National Magazine(1919-1924)

早期新马文坛与中国五四启蒙思潮有着紧密的联系，这种联系是依赖中国南下新加坡、马来西亚的文人和新马早期的报纸杂志。由南下新马的中国文人创办的《新国民日报》综合性副刊《新国民杂志》于1919年至1924年间积极传播五四启蒙思潮，倡导新思想，并刊登大量新文学作品，促进了新马华文文学的诞生与发展。本文通过全面介绍《新国民杂志》的诞生背景、创刊始末、编者情况和编辑特色，系统分析它发表的各类文章，结合五四启蒙思潮的相关理论，考察五四启蒙思潮对早期新马华文文学的影响。 全文分为四章。 第一章为绪论，阐述研究对象与方法、研究现状与本文突破点和研究意义。 第二章研究五四启蒙思潮在新马的传播。首先考察五四启...The early Chinese Literary world in Singapore and Malaysia had close relation with Chinese enlightenment thoughts, which depended on Chinese scholars who went to Singapore and Malaysia, early literary magazines and newspapers there. New National Magazine(《新国民杂志》), the comprehensive supplement of New National Daily News, started by those scholars, worked for spreading May 4th Enlightenment Thoughts...学位：文学硕士院系专业：人文学院中文系_中国现当代文学学号：1022009115200

Distribution of Fine Roots in a Mixed Cunninghamia lanceolata-Tsoongiodendron odorum Plantation

对27年生混交比例为2行杉木和1行观光木的混交林和杉木纯林群落细根分布的研究表明,杉木和观光木行间的杉木细根密度虽比杉木与杉木行间的低8.5％,但观光木细根密度则高152.09％,其细根总密度比杉木与杉木行间的大10.43％。混交林中杉木各径级活细根密度呈单峰型分布,均以5-10cm土层最大,而观光木各径级活细根主要分布在0-10cm土层内。纯林杉木各径级活细根密度亦基本呈单峰型分布,但峰值出现在10-20cm或20-30cm土层。不同树种不同径级死细根的分布均与其各自的活细根分布相似。混交林中灌木细根密度在30-40cm的土层最大,而纯林中的灌木细根集中于0-10cm的表土层;混交林和纯林中的草本细根均集中在0-5cm土层。与纯林的相比,混交林中杉木细根主要分布的土层明显上移,表层土壤细根所占比重增大,有利于更好利用土壤养分和提高群落生产力。Fine roots were measured by soil core sampler in a mixed plantation of 27-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata (C) and Tsoogiodeudron odorum (T) in Fujian Province. Fine root density of C at interrow between C and T was lower by 8.5% than that between C and C, but fine root denstiy of T and total fine root density were higher by 152.09% and 10.43%, respectively. High density of living fine roots with different thickness of C in mixed plantation appeared at 5-10 cm soil depth, whereas that of T at 0-10 cm. Compared to mixed plantation, living fine root density in pure C plantation appeared at 10 -30 cm of soil depth. The distribution of dead fine roots had the same pattern. In mixed plantation, upward trend of soil layer with maximum fine roots of C was obvious, showing that mixed plantation had an advantage over pure plantation in nutrient absorption.中国博士后科研基金项目（1999-10）;;福建省科委重大基础研究项目（2000-F-004）;; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划项目;;福建省自然科学基金项目（B0110025

NUTRIENT CYCLING OF N AND P BY A MIXED FOREST OF CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA AND TSOONGIODENDRON ODORUM IN SUBTROPICAL CHINA

通过对福建三明 2 7年生杉木 (Cunninghamialanceolata) 观光木 (Tsoongiodendronodorum)混交林 (混交比例2 :1)及杉木纯林群落N、P养分循环进行为期 2年的研究。结果表明 ,混交林中杉木和观光木地上各组分的N、P含量大小均为叶 >活枝 (或皮 ) >枯枝 >干 ,而根系的则随径级的减小而增大 ,且观光木各组分的N含量均高于杉木的 ;混交林群落的N、P总积累量达 5 85 .2 2 3kg·hm-2 和 12 8.784kg·hm-2 ,分别是纯林群落的 1.5倍和 1.3倍。混交林群落N、P养分年归还量达 75 .740kg·hm-2 和 5 .493kg·hm-2 ,分别是杉木纯林的 113 .0 %和 79.6 %。混交林通过凋落物、降水淋溶和细根枯死 3种途径的N归还量分别占群落总归还量的 6 7.1%、8.4%和 2 4.5 % ,而纯林的则分别为 6 9.3 %、8.1%和 2 2 .6 % ;混交林 3种途径的P归还量分别占群落总归还量的 6 4.0 %、7.5 %和 2 8.5 % ;而纯林则为 74.8%、5 .3%和 19.9%。混交林中林下植被层的N、P归还量分别占群落总归还量的 14.8%和 37.3 % ;而纯林的则为 2 9.5 %和 5 9.4%。混交林群落的N、P富集率和利用系数均低于纯林的 ,而周转期则均大于纯林的。混交林群落的P吸收系数小于纯林的 ,而循环系数则高于纯林的 ,但其两者的N吸收系数和循环系数则相似。A study on the cycling of N and P in a pure forest of Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. and a Chinese fir_ Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun mixed forest (2 Chinese fir: 1 T. odorum ) over two years was carried out in Sanming, Fujian, China. For both Chinese fir and Tsoongiodendron odorum, the concentrations of N and P in aboveground fractions were in the order of leaves>living branches (or stem bark)>dead branches> stem wood, and those in roots increased with an increase in root diameter. N concentrations in various fractions of T. odorum were higher than their respective values for Chinese fir. The standing crops of N and P in the mixed stand were up to 585.223 kg·hm -2 and 128.784 kg·hm -2 , being 1.5 and 1.3 times as much as that in the pure stand, respectively. The annual return of N and P amounted to 75.740 and 5.493 kg·hm -2 in the mixed forest, respectively, being 113.0% and 79.6% of that in the pure forest. The fractions of annual N return through litterfall, rain leaching and fine root turnover were 67.1%, 8.4% and 24.5% in the mixed forest, respectively, and the corresponding values were 69.3%, 8.1% and 22.6% in the pure forest. These three pathways contributed to 64.0%, 7.5% and 28.5% of total P return in the mixed forest, and 74.8%, 5.3% and 19.9% in the pure forest, respectively. 14.8% of N return and 37.3% of P return in the mixed forest, and 29.5% of N return and 59.4% of P return in the pure forest were derived from the undergrowth vegetation. For both N and P elements, the enrichment ratios and the utilization coefficients were lower, and the recycling periods were higher in mixed forest than in pure stand. For P, the absorption coefficient was lower, and the cycling coefficient was higher, in mixed forest than in pure forest, while there were no significant differences for those of N between the two forests.中国博士后科研基金;; 福建省科委重大基础研究项目 ( 2 0 0 0_F_0 0 4);; 高等学校骨干教师资助计划项

新一轮教育改革和远程开放教育的发展(三)

正如很多专家学者和业内人士所认为的,在"现代远程教育工程试点"十年之际,讨论普通高校远程教育的发展问题,系统的总结与深入的反思是不可回避的。试点目标的实现与落实情况如何,十年试点中积累的主要经验、形成的主要特色有哪些,试点过程中遭遇的深层次问题是什么、有哪些矛盾至今尚未解决,远程教

中国东南沿海港口外轮压舱水生物的调查

随机选取东南沿海港口的17艘外来船舶(含8条集装箱船和9条散货船)作为监测对象,进行压舱水浮游植物及动物的物种鉴定和丰度测定,并对监测数据进行统计学分析。检出分属于7个浮游植物门类和5个动物门类的309种外来压舱水生物(包括60种赤潮生物)。外轮压舱水生物的分布及生存状态与水样的水龄和盐度相关。船舶压舱水排放是大家熟知的外来水生生物入侵的主要媒介。本调查结果表明,中国东南沿海外来散货船的压舱水排放所具的潜在生物入侵风险比集装箱船更应受关注

Fine root distribution, seasonal pattern and production in a native forest and monoculture plantations in subtropical China

作者简介: 杨玉盛(1964～ ) , 男, 福建仙游人, 博士, 教授, 主要从事亚热带常绿阔叶林C、N 循环研究。E2mail: [email protected] tt. fj. cn 致谢: 福建农林大学蔡丽平、林瑞余、谢锦升, 陈爱玲、陈清山、邹双全、李春林, 硕士研究生郭剑芬、刘艳丽、岳永杰、于占源、江淼华、卢豪良等, 及莘口教学林场郑燕明、刘春华、王巧珍、陈辉等参加了项目研究[中文文摘] 通过对福建三明格氏栲天然林及在其采伐迹地上营造的33年生格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林细根分布、季节动态与净生产力进行的为期3a(1999～2001)的研究,结果表明,格氏栲天然林、格氏栲和杉木人工林活细根生物量分别为4.944t/hm2、3.198t/hm2和1.485t/hm2,死细根生物量分别为3.563t/hm2、2.749t/hm2和1.287t/hm2;死细根生物量占总细根生物量的比例分别为41.9%、46.2%和46.4%;0.05);活细根生物量最大值均出现在3月份,最小值一般出现在5～7月份或11～翌年1月份间。0～10cm表土层格氏栲天然林活细根生物量高达295.65g/m2,分别是格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林的2.4倍和8.1倍;该层格氏栲天然林活细根生物量占全部活细根生物量的59.8%,均高于格氏栲人工林(39.07%)和杉木人工林(24.51%)。格氏栲天然林、格氏栲人工林和杉木人工林细根分解1a后的干重损失率分别为68.34%～80.13%、63.51%～77.95%和47.69%～60.78%;年均分解量分别为8.747、5.143和2.503t/hm2;死亡量分别为8.632、5.148和2.492t/hm2;年均净生产量分别为8.797、5.425和2.513t/hm2,年周转速率分别为1.78、[英文文摘]In the last decades, large scale native forests have been converted to fast growing and high yield commercial forest plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material, and other forest products. Some silvicultural measures, such as planting pure stands, clear cutting and slash burning, have been widely applied during this conversion. Yield decline and land deterioration in such disturbed ecosystem has become serious. In this context, the ecological comparisons between native forests and monoculture plantations are necessary in providing the implications for sustainable management. Few studies on fine roots dynamics have been conducted within these ecosystems though the importance of fine roots in carbon and nutrient cycling has been increasingly emphasized due to their rapid turnover rates. Two 33 year old plantations, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) and Castanopsis kawakamii (CK), were chosen to examine fine root (005). An early spring flush of root biomass (March) was found in these three forests, and the minimum value mainly occurred during May July or November January. For the NF, 598% of root biomass was found in the top soil of 0～10 cm, a layer that maximum depth distribution difference among these forests occurred, where root biomass of the NF was 237 times and 812 times as much as that of the CK and the CF, respectively. Percentages of original mass lost during the first year of decomposition ranged from 4379%～5631% for the FH to 6834%～8013% for the NF Mean annual root decomposition, mortality and production ranged from 847 t/(hm 2·a), 8632 t/(hm 2·a) and 95 t/(hm 2·a) in the NF to 2503 t/(hm 2·a), 2492 t/(hm 2·a) and 2513 t/(hm 2·a) in the CF. The mean root turnover rate ranged from 178 times/a in the NF to 169 times/a in the CF.国家自然科学基金资助项目(30170770);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(B0110025);高等学校优秀青年教师教学科研奖励计划资助项目;福建省基础研究重大资助项目(2000-F-004

“疯女人”的抗争——以《打出幽灵塔》、《雷雨》和《阿珍》为例

从作者与主人公审美关系的角度看,疯癫形象大致可分成两大类。一类是作为丧失理智与精神失常的病人形象进人艺术世界,其主要特征是在正常人的理性的语境中,成为情节发展的一个环节。作者仅仅把疯癫看作是理性的文明社会中的边缘现象,而不从这种边缘现象反过来看主流社会;另一

Study on the Threshold of Vegetation Coverage in Arid Area

通过对已有的关于植被覆盖度的概念进行分析比较,提出几个新的植被建设覆盖度阈值生态允许覆盖度、生态要求覆盖度和经济允许覆盖度,并给出了它们的计算方法。尤为重要的是,提出了当经济与生态发生矛盾时,最佳覆盖度在不同情况下分别取生态最优解和经济最优解。当生态允许覆盖度小于生态要求覆盖度时,最佳覆盖度为生态允许覆盖度;当生态要求覆盖度大于经济允许覆盖度时,最佳覆盖度为经济最优解;当生态要求覆盖度小于经济允许覆盖度时,最佳覆盖度为生态最优解。最后给出了生态最优解和经济最优解的计算方法

谐波减速器研究现状及问题研究

简要回顾了近年谐波减速器的发展与应用现状。着重阐述轮齿齿形的发展及当前主流厂商应用的齿形以及影响减速器寿命的主要因素。在传统齿形方面，齿形经历了从直线齿形到圆弧齿形，再到双圆弧齿形的发展阶段，分析了各阶段齿形的啮合特性及疲劳寿命，当前产品化的代表齿形有“S”齿形、“P”齿形、“δ”齿形等。近年来柔轮筒体的薄壁和长寿命是研究的重点，大量研究集中在筒体、轮齿、波发生器等应力研究。在此基础上，对谐波减速器未来应关注的研究方向给出建议，包括齿形的研究、材料微观结构的分析、加工工艺的研究、理论体系的建立、固有频率波动大的问题、齿间啮合力的精确分析和计算、传动精度的影响因素等