随机时延线性系统的IMC-PID设计

基于IMC(内模控制)框架,本文研究了具有随机不确定性时延的FOPDT(一阶时延)对象的最优IAE性能问题及其PID优化设计方法。这是传统的确定性优化方法无法解决的问题。首先,在IMC(内模控制)框架下,借用麦克劳林展开式和一阶泰勒近似,获得了内模控制器及其参数与PID控制器参数之间的关系式。从概率角度出发,通过求解实现IAE性能均值最优化的内模控制器及其参数,并利用上述关系,得到了相应的最优PID控制器参数整定规则,减少了传统参数整定方法的保守性。随机时延参数FOPDT对象的仿真,验证了本文所提出方法的有效性,并且表明:对于随机时延的FOPDT对象,与传统最优IAE PID整定方法如Murrill等(1967)、Smith等(1997)以及Madhuranthakam等(2008)方法相比,本文所整定PID控制器具有更好的IAE性能。福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2012J01288

中庸实践思维体系构念图的建构效度研究

本研究的目的是就杨中芳(2010)提出的"中庸实践思维体系构念图"中的13个关键构念加以测量及进行相关分析,藉以探看它们之间的联系是否与杨氏构念图的构想一致。同时检验结果也提供了未来修订该图及相关测量工具的方向。这13个关键构念分别为:"两极感知"与"转换感知"的认识世界方式、"待人守则"、"拿捏意识"与"处世信念/价值"的处世原则、"趋势掌握"与"多面性"的择前思考、"整合性"的抉择策略、"和谐性"的抉择执行、"公我意识"与"私我意识"的事后反思,以及"生活满意度"与"安适感"的事后心理状态。厦门大学128名大学生参与了这项实证研究。结果显示,除了"转换感知"外,本研究的其他关键构念间的相关形态大致与杨氏构念图中的构想吻合,表明这些关键构念确实有联系成一体系的现象。然而,由于"转换感知"的例外结果,不论对有些关键构念的设想及测量,或对杨氏构念图本身,都有再思考及修订的空间

A Study on Liver Damage Induced by Photodynamic Therapy

目的　研究光动力作用对活体肝组织的损伤 ,探讨光动力治疗肝癌的可行性 ,为临床治疗提供实验依据。方法　动物实验 :将小鼠分成光动力疗法 (PDT)组、单血卟啉衍生物 (HpD)组、激光组和空白对照组。光敏药物选用血卟啉衍生物 ,给药量每公斤体重 10mg ,药物用 1ml生理盐水稀释 ,于实验前 48h将药物注射入PDT组和HpD组小鼠腹腔内 ,避光饲养。将PDT组和激光组小鼠固定于实验板上。麻醉后 ,剖腹暴露右肝前叶 ,激光直接投照于肝脏表面 ,光斑直径 5mm ,照射 2min。激光器为氩离子泵浦染料激光器系统 ,光波长 6 30nm ,输出功率 10 0mW ,每一照射区能量累积约 6 0J ,照光后关腹 ,回笼饲养观察。于照光后 1、2 4、72、12 0h处死各组小鼠 ,剖腹取肝组织置于 4%福尔马林液中固定 ,常规石蜡包埋切片 ,HE染色 ,光镜观察。临床治疗 :经病理确诊的肝癌患者 ,于治疗前 48h做皮肤划痕试验 ,阴性者按每公斤体重 5mg静脉给药。治疗时 ,在B超引导下 ,用 18G肝穿针经皮穿刺 ,将石英光纤导入肝肿瘤内。激光波长 6 30nm ,输出功率 35 0mW ,每一照射点能量累积2 2 0J。治疗 1个月后行二期切除术。标本用 4%福尔马林固定 ,常规石蜡包埋切片 ,HE染色 ,光镜观察。结果　动物实验光镜观察结果显示 :PDT组于照光后 2 4h出现照光区肝细Objective To investigate the liver damage induced by photodynamic therapy(PDT) and provide an experimental basis for PDT treatment for liver cancers. Methods 96 normal mice were divided into 4 groups: PDT group, laser group, HpD group and control group. The photosensitizer used in this study was hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), diluted in 5% glucose and injected into the peritoneal cavity at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight 48 h before light irradiation. The mice were kept from sunlight exposure. After anesthesia the abdomen was opened and the right front lobe of the liver was exposed. An argon laser pumped dye laser system was used. The liver surface was directly irradiated by the 630 nm laser beam at a power of 100 mW for 2 minutes. The spot size was 5 mm in diameter and the energy density was 60 J/cm 2. The mice were killed at 1, 24, 72 and 120 hours after laser irradiation, respectively. Samples were embedded in paraffin and HE stained sections were examined underlight microscope. Besides, a 46-years old male patient with liver cancer was also included in this study. He received HpD in a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, i.v. injected 48 h prior to laser irradiation. Ultrasound-guided liver puncture was performed and optical fibers were inserted into and evenly distributed in the tumor. The 630 nm laser irradiation was carried out at a power of 350 mW, energy density of 250 J/cm 2 per each spot. The patient was operated one month later and specimens were taken for histopathological examination. Results Animal experiment: Large necrotic areas were observed in livers of mice 24 hours after PDT. There was a clear demarcation between irradiated and non-irradiated areas observed by both gross and microscopic examination. Fibrous proliferation was seen in the surrounding tissues 120 hours after PDT. Swelling of hepatocytes was observed at 1 h after laser irradiation alone, but returned to normal at 72 h after irradiation. No damage to hepatocytes was observed in livers of both HpD alone and control groups. Clinical case: Wide-spread necrotic areas were present in the PDT irradiated tumor tissue. Normal hepatocytes were observed in the non-irradiated surrounding tissue. There were numerous lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrating in the surrounding areas. Conclusions Selective and sharply demarcated photodamage to liver tissue can be induced by selective laser irradiation after HpD administration. It is suggested that photodamage to surrounding normal tissues can be avoided by carefully controlled laser irradiation during photodynamic therapy of liver cancers.福建省“95”重点科技项

Diagnosis of Body SurFace Tumors by Argon Laser Induced Autofluorescence Spectra Analysis

本文以氩离子激光为激发光源，以光学多道分析仪（OMAⅢ）为光谱分析手段研究恶性肿瘤的激光荧光谱特征。研究中，不给患者任何药物，直接检测病变组织的内源性卟啉荧光，并以这种荧光谱作为特征谱，诊断良恶性疾病。经对203例口腔颌面部、皮肤的良恶性病变和600例正常组织荧光谱检测分析，结果显示：恶性肿瘤中有特征荧光表达的占86%（60/70），中、重度不典型增生性病变中有特征荧光表达的占97%（29/30），而14种良性病变（103例）和600例正常精膜、正常皮肤均未见特征荧光。随访中、重度不典型增生性病变患者，发现2例癌变均为特征荧光阳性者。病例检测中，可以清楚地定位2MM直径的微小癌灶。结果表明本检测方法对提高恶性肿瘤早期诊断率是很有意义的。Characteristics of laser induced autofluorescence spectra of tumors have been studied clinically with a detecting system which consists of an argon laser and an optical multichannel analyzer, Through the analysis of endogenous porphyrin speciFic peaks, 70 cases of malignant tumors, 30 cases of severe dysplasia, 103 cases of benign tumors of chronic inFlammation and 600 cases of normal tissue in oral cavity or skin were diagnosed without any Fluorescent drug The results showed that the positive rate of malignant tumors and dysplastic lesions were 86%(60/70) and 97%(29/30), respectively, while all benign lesions in 103 cases and normal mucosa or skin in 600 persons were negative Two cancer Foci smaller than 2mm were detected by this procedure During Following up by Fluorescence analysis For dysplastic lesions, squamous cell carcinoma occurred in two cases, whose speciFic Fluorescence were positiv

红光结合血卟啉单甲醚光动力疗法治疗微静脉畸形的实验研究

目的:通过鸡冠动物模型了解红光结合光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚(hematoporphyrin monomethylether,HMME)在光动力疗法治疗微静脉畸形中的治疗效果和适宜治疗参数。方法:48只鸡随机分组,处理组分别注射不同剂量的HMME后,半导体激光(红光)或氩离子泵浦染料激光不同能量密度分组照射,照射后肉眼和光镜下观察比较组织损伤程度并测量损伤深度。结果:红光结合HMME照射能引起鸡冠颜色变白、血管数量减少等形态学改变。HMME10mg/kg、15mg/kg剂量组中,在相同功率密度时,红光高能量密度照射组(240J/cm2)所造成损伤深度(分别为1.2225±0.8457mm,2.2800±1.3665mm)均显著大于氩离子泵浦染料激光不同能量密度的各照射组(P<0.05)。适宜治疗参数为HMME剂量10mg/kg,红光能量密度120-240J/cm2。结论:红光结合HMME光动力疗法有可能对增厚或结节型微静脉畸形实现更佳的治疗效果

谁影响我们?我们又影响谁?——我国新闻传播学学科内与学科间互引的网络分析

本研究运用社会网络分析法,先对我国新闻传播学15本核心期刊学科内互引网络进行分析,探究新闻传播学科内部的知识交流结构与动向,分析发现新闻传播学科内部期刊之间互引较为普遍,但每本期刊的自我引用率与国际期刊相比偏低,这可能与我国期刊在研究主题上偏综合化而非特色化有关;此后,本文根据这15本核心期刊与其他学科核心期刊的互引网络,探寻新闻传播学科与其他学科知识产出的相互影响。结果表明,出版、教育综合、戏剧电影与电视艺术是与新闻传播学期刊互动最为频繁的几个学科,它们共同形成了一个双向高频互引群体,其他学科在与新闻传播学科互动的过程中则形成了主题单一的聚类

单克隆抗体与血卟啉衍生物交联物的制备及其对胃癌靶细胞的杀伤作用

以碳二亚胺(EDCI)为连接剂,将血卟啉衍生物(HPD)与抗胃癌单克隆抗体18M(McAb18M)共价交联。经ELISA法测定及溶血试验表明,该交联物保留了McAb的反应特性及HPD的光故活性。体外试验表明,交联物对靶细胞的光动力杀伤效率提高了11.2倍,对非靶细胞的杀伤作用微弱,表明HPD—McAb具有特异杀伤作用。对游离HPD及交联HPD的吸收光谱,荧光激发光谱及发射光谱的分析比较表明,二者均有一定的差异

气液柱型旋流器内分离特性研究

为了更好地将气液柱型旋流器应用于工业现场,本研究通过实验测试与理论分析相结合的研究手段分析了气液柱型旋流器内的分离特性,并创造性地提出了压力控制逻辑。通过对气液柱型旋流器内液滴在气相连续流场中的受力分析,建立了液滴迁移模型,并通过Malvern在线粒度仪测定了入口以及环状液膜萃取器后的液滴粒径分布,模型预测结果与实验结果基本一致,验证了理论模型的正确性,证明该模型能够用于指导气液柱型旋流器的应用设计