试论区域海洋生态系统管理是海洋综合管理的新发展

区域海洋管理是对一定海洋地理空间范围内具有重要意义的区域系统进行的自觉干预和内外协调的活动。文章讨论海洋区域、区域海洋管理的概念、管理区域划分、区域海洋基本思想和管理方式等,试论区域海洋生态系统管理是海洋综合管理的新发展,认为区域海洋管理必须以生态系统管理为核心,以社会-经济-自然复合生态系统为管理对象,才能使区域海洋社会经济能够在可持续的生态系统支持下发展

SIRT7基因低表达胶质瘤细胞株代谢特征的NMR分析

肿瘤是一种代谢疾病,癌基因表达对肿瘤细胞代谢的影响是目前肿瘤研究的热点之一.本文利用基于核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)的代谢组学方法对癌基因SIRT7低表达胶质瘤细胞株的代谢特征进行分析,寻找与SIRT7基因表达相关的特征性代谢物和代谢通路.分析结果表明,SIRT7基因低表达组与对照组细胞的代谢轮廓存在显著性差异,其细胞水溶性萃取物中有22种代谢物浓度发生明显变化.与对照组相比,SIRT7基因低表达胶质瘤细胞株中乳酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸等12种代谢物浓度升高;缬氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸等10种代谢物浓度降低.通路富集分析提示氨酰-tRNA生物合成、氨基酸代谢等代谢通路与SIRT7低表达密切相关.以上结果为进一步阐明癌基因SIRT7调控胶质瘤细胞代谢的作用机制提供了理论依据.厦门市科技计划社会发展项目(3502Z20184064

漳江流域沿岸植物叶片中Si元素含量的变化

该文研究了漳江流域沿岸48种植物成熟叶片中Si元素含量及其随环境因子和在不同植物类群中的变化.结果表明,这些植物叶片平均Si含量为1.23%;不同植物叶片Si含量差异显著,含量最高的是笔管草,达5.88%;最低的是桃金娘,仅0.02%.48种植物中的17种是Si积累者,叶片Si平均含量为2.53%;31种是非积累者,叶片中Si平均含量为0.28%.从植物所属科来看,含Si量较高的主要有禾本科、木贼科、紫萁科、凤尾蕨科、鸭跖草科和桑科植物.研究还发现从上游到下游,土壤Si含量随土壤粘粒含量和含水量的升高而增加.马缨丹和鸭跖草叶片Si含量与对应土壤的有效Si含量呈正相关,桐花树和秋茄叶片Si含量与对应土壤的盐度呈正相关

Adaptive management of aquatic germplasm reserves

针对我国水产种质资源保护区在现行管理模式下普遍存在的资源难以恢复、保护效果不明显等问题,基于生态系统管理的理念,借鉴国内外有关自然保护区适应性管理研究实践经验,探索水产种质资源保护区的适应性管理。水产种质资源保护区的适应性管理可分为模式建立和反馈两个阶段,包括问题识别、目标制定、方案设计与实施、动态监测、绩效评估、反馈与调整等过程,以全面提升保护区对外界环境变化的不确定性和复杂性的快速反应能力。并以福建长乐西施舌资源增殖保护区为例,分析该保护区的管理现状,探索适应性管理模式的构建与应用。There were some common issues of the current management model in domestic Aquatic Germplasm Reserves( AGRs),such as the difficulty of resources recovery and the insignificant efficiency of protection.An Adaptive Management( AM) framework of AGRs was constructed according to the theoretical researches and practices of Ecosystem-based Management( EBM) and Adaptive Management both in domestic and foreign nature reserves.The AM framework of AGRs could be divided into two stages as model establishment and feedback: the former included problem identification,strategic planning,program design and implementation,while the later comprised of dynamic monitoring,performance evaluation,feedback and adjustment.The practice of AM framework could strongly enhance the rapid response to the uncertainty and complexity of external environment of AGRs.Furthermore,the Changle Xishi Tongue( Coelomactra Antiquata) Resource Enhancement and Protected Area was used as an example to analyse the current situation of management in AGRs and explore the construction and application of adaptive management model.海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905019;201005012

试论讨论式教学法在高校思想政治理论课中的运用

当前，高校思想政治理论课存在着教学方法单一、教学实效性欠佳等问题，迫切需要革新教学方法。将讨论式教学法引入到高校思想政治理论课的课堂，一定程度上丰富了课堂授课方式，让学生在讨论中思考、感悟和判断，从而增加对理论知识的认可度，学生也在轻松愉悦的课堂氛围中接受马克思主义理论知识的熏陶，潜移默化的学习中国特色社会主义理论，最终提高了高校思想政治理论课的实效性。</jats:p

The Impact of Mariculture on the Marine Ecosystem and Studies on Bioremediation

海水养殖业的迅速发展对海域生态系统产生了一系列的严重影响,本文综述了海水养殖带来的营养盐污染及沉积环境变化、药物使用污染、对天然生物的影响等问题.对于海水养殖造成的问题,有着多种治理方式,基于养殖生态系统的生物修复,是近年来新兴的安全有效的修复方法.本文介绍了微生物修复、大型海藻修复、贝-藻修复、人工湿地修复等生物修复方法及其研究进展.随着研究的不断深入,治理的方式也越来越多,但要想从根本上解决海水养殖带来的污染及影响,基于生态系统的海水养殖管理乃是实现海水养殖业可持续发展的关键.The development of mariculture has brought serious problems to the marine ecosystem,including water eutrophication,impacts on the sediment,chemical pollution,and other impacts on marine organisms.Some methods has been developed to solve the problems during recent years,especially the methods of bioremediation,including using microorganisms,marine plants,shellfish-aquatic plants,and constructed wetlands,which have advantages of safety and effect.In conclusion,to achieve sustainable development of mariculture,we should manage the fishery not only using traditional methods but basing on ecological principles

Juvenile Fish Diversity in Shankou Mangrove Reserve and Their Recruitment to the Fishery Resources

于2010年4,10月,2011年1,5和7月对广西山口红树林区内稚幼鱼4个季节5个航次的采样数据进行分析.红树林缘潮滩和红树林内潮沟采样工具分别为定置张网及鱼笼.共采获稚幼鱼40种,隶属于8目24科,所有种类均为硬骨鱼类.红树林区各季节优势种变化较大.林缘潮滩优势种分别为:春季(4和5月)为前鳞鲻(MugIl OPHuySEnI)和花鲈(lATEOlAbrAX JAPOnICuS);秋季(10月)为印度小公鱼(STOlEPHOruS IndICuS);冬季(1月)为前鳞鲻;夏季(7月)为短吻鰏(lEIOgnATHuS brEVIrOSTrIS)和斑鰶(CluPAnOdOn PunCTATuS).林内潮沟优势种分别为:春季(4和5月)为眶棘双边鱼(AM-bASSIS gyMnOCEPHAluS)和斑鰶;秋季(10月)为短吻鰏;冬季(1月)为前鳞鲻和纹缟鰕虎鱼(TrIdEnTIgEr TrIgOnOCEPHA-luS);夏季(7月)为犬牙细棘鰕虎鱼(ACEnTrOgObIuS CAnInuS).以质量计算不同季节MArgAlEf种类丰富度指数d,SHAn-nOn-WIEnEr多样性指数H′以及PIElOu均匀度指数J,潮滩平均值分别为d=1.83,H′=1.5,J=0.53;潮沟指数分别为d=1.63,H′=1.46,J=0.58.本研究表明山口红树林生态系统内稚幼鱼H′偏低.通过分析鳀科、鲱科以及鲻科鱼类在本研究区域内具有较为典型的生境转移现象,可以认为山口红树林区具有支撑近海鱼类育幼和摄食的作用,同时,该林区内稚幼鱼对当地渔业资源具有补充作用.The data were collected through juvenile fish surveys in Shankou Mangrove Reserve in April,October 2010 and January,May,July 2011 respectively,which covered 4 seasons year-round.33 and 28 species were found at the mudflat and creek of Shankou mangrove area respectively,all the species were bony fish.The dominant species varied with seasons.The dominant species in the mudflat were Mugil ophuyseni and Lateolabrax japonicas in spring(April and May);Stolephorus indicus in autumn(October),M.ophuyseni in winter(January),Leiognathus brevirostris and Clupanodon punctatus in summer(July).The dominant species in the creek were Ambassis gymnocephalus and C.punctatus in spring;L.brevirostris in autumn;M.ophuyseni and Tridentiger trigonocephalus in winter;and Acentrogobius caninus in summer.Species biodiversity indices of the juvenile fish were calculated.The species richness D,Shannon diversity index H′ and evenness index J were 1.83,1.5 and 0.53 at the mudflat and 1.63,1.46,0.58 at the creek respectively.Compared with other mangrove areas,the biodiversity indices of juvenile fish were lower in Shankou mangrove area.By analyzing habitat shifting of Engraulidae,Clupeidae and Mugilidae,it could be concluded that Shankou mangrove provided nursery area and shelters for the juvenile fish,which played an important role of recruitment to local fishery resources.海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(200905019-6;201005012

Biochemical composition and calorific value in juvenile Plectorhynchus cinctus

对在不同温度和摄食水平条件下饲养的花尾胡椒鲷 (Plectorhynchuscinctus)幼鱼的鱼体生化组成和比能值进行测定。结果表明 ,当实验温度为 2 8℃时 ,同一体重组鱼的含水量随摄食量的增加而减小 ,而干物质、脂肪含量和比能值则随摄食量的增加而增大。温度对饱食鱼的生化组分的影响不明显也不呈一定的规律性。鱼体蛋白质、脂肪、灰分含量及比能值与含水量间都存在负线性相关关系。The juvenile Plectorhynchus cinctus, collected from Xiamen with body weight 0.3～92.0 g and total length 2.0～17.0 cm, were reared at different temperatures. Four body weight (BW) groups were designed, each at 2 or 5 ration levels and 4 water temperature levels (T w). Twenty days later the fishes were killed and analyzed. The results showed that in the same BW group and T w 28℃ the water content in fish body decreased with the increase of ration level and the contents of dry substances, lipids, ash and calorific value increased with the increase of ration level; the water temperatures had insignificant and irregular impact on the biochemical compositions of the sample fish; there existed negative and linear correlations between water content in body and other indexes including contents of protein, lipids, ash and calorific value, which provides an access for calculating those indexes from water content in fish body

Integrated assessment of Chinese white dolphin(Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen waters based on PSR model

中华白海豚(SOuSA CHInEnSIS OSbECk,1765)为国家Ⅰ级重点野生保护动物,厦门湾作为其在中国的主要分布区之一,自20世纪80年代以来,海岸带开发活动和环境污染程度均不断加大,导致此海域中华白海豚的生存环境不断恶化,种群数量日趋减少,资源状况面临严重威胁。作者采用PSr(压力-状态-响应)模型框架,对厦门湾中华白海豚资源面临的主要环境压力、当前的资源状态以及采取的保护响应措施进行了一个较全面的评价,评价结果认为:围填海工程、船只交通、水下爆破作业和陆源排污等人类活动给厦门湾中华白海豚带来了生境缩小、身体伤害、环境污染和饵料短缺等严重影响,厦门市已采取的保护政策响应包括就地保护、迁地保护和公共管理等方面,目前种群资源数量稳定在80头左右并有潜力扩大。基于评价结果,作者提出了加强保护的建议和策略,可为厦门以外海区的中华白海豚保护工作提供参考。The Chinese white dolphin(Sousa chinens Osbeck, 1765) is ranked in the first class of national key protected species in China.Xiamen is one of its most important habitats.Since 1980's, the population of the Chinese white dolphin in Xiamen waters was reduced severely due to the large area coastal reclamation and environmental pollutions.This study presented an integrated assessment of the dolphins in Xiamen waters based on the PSR model to reveal the environmental pressure to the dolphins and their habitat.The results showed that there were several pressure sources, including reclamation, vessel traffic, underwater explosion and land-based pollutions.A variety of protection methods have been taken by the local government to protect the dolphins, which have been proved to be effective.Currently, Chinese white dolphin's population in Xiamen waters remains stable, and the number may increase with further efforts.This study may provide useful data for the protection and management of Chinese white dolphin in Xiamen as well as in other habitats.海洋公益性行业科研经费专项项目(200905019);海洋公益性行业科研经费专项项目(201005012