海水养殖业的迅速发展对海域生态系统产生了一系列的严重影响,本文综述了海水养殖带来的营养盐污染及沉积环境变化、药物使用污染、对天然生物的影响等问题.对于海水养殖造成的问题,有着多种治理方式,基于养殖生态系统的生物修复,是近年来新兴的安全有效的修复方法.本文介绍了微生物修复、大型海藻修复、贝-藻修复、人工湿地修复等生物修复方法及其研究进展.随着研究的不断深入,治理的方式也越来越多,但要想从根本上解决海水养殖带来的污染及影响,基于生态系统的海水养殖管理乃是实现海水养殖业可持续发展的关键.The development of mariculture has brought serious problems to the marine ecosystem,including water eutrophication,impacts on the sediment,chemical pollution,and other impacts on marine organisms.Some methods has been developed to solve the problems during recent years,especially the methods of bioremediation,including using microorganisms,marine plants,shellfish-aquatic plants,and constructed wetlands,which have advantages of safety and effect.In conclusion,to achieve sustainable development of mariculture,we should manage the fishery not only using traditional methods but basing on ecological principles
