Studies of Zooplankton Grazing Impacts on Phytoplankton in Xiamen Harbor

本研究于2004年11月、2005年3月、5月、8月、11月及2006年3月在厦门港海域调查了浮游生物的种类组成、数量及其季节变化；2005年3月、5月、8月、11月航次采用稀释法研究浮游植物的潜在最大生长率、微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率和对浮游植物现存量的摄食压力；2005年5月、8月、11月及2006年3月航次运用肠道色素法测定桡足类对浮游植物的摄食压力。主要研究结果如下：1厦门港浮游植物组成及其季节变化本研究共鉴定厦门港有浮游植物78种，其中硅藻30属72种，甲藻2属5种，蓝藻1属1种。浮游植物总细胞数的周年变化曲线呈单峰型。冬季，总细胞数最低，为23×103cell·m-3；夏季总细...Species composition, abundance variety, community structure of phytoplankton and zooplankton were investigated in Xiamen Harbor in six cruises of November 2004, February, May, August, November 2005 and March 2006. Grazing by mirozooplankton on phytoplankton was quantified by using dilution method, in situ, during March, May, August and November 2005. Growth rates of different size-fractionated phy...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学学号：20042702

Biological process of phosphorus turnover in surface water body of Xiamen Harbor. Ⅱ:Grazing pressure of copepod on phytoplankton

为了解桡足类在磷的生物地球化学循环中的作用,于2005年5、8、11月和2006年3月分别在厦门时间序列站(XMTS)采用肠道色素法,研究了桡足类对浮游植物的现场摄食率,同步分析了桡足类的种类组成和数量变化,进而得到桡足类群体对浮游植物的摄食率.结果表明:厦门港桡足类对浮游植物的年平均摄食率为55.53μg.m-3.d-1;其中秋季最高,为108.98μg.m-3.d-1,夏季最低,为7.18μg.m-3.d-1.根据试验数据估算,厦门港桡足类对浮游植物现存量的摄食压力四季平均为1.81,春、夏、秋、冬分别为3.22、0.06、3.52和0.46.To understand the roles of copepod in the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus,gut fluorescence method was applied to examine in situ the grazing rate of copepod on the phytoplankton in Xiamen Time Station(XMTS) in May,August and November 2005 and March 2006.In the meanwhile,the abundance and species composition of copepod were investigated,and the grazing pressure of copepod on the phytoplankton was estimated.The results showed that the annual average grazing rate of copepod was 55.53 μg·m-3·d-1,being the highest(108.98 μg·m-3·d-1) in autumn and the lowest(7.18 μg·m-3·d-1) in summer.Based on the estimation from our experimental data,the daily grazing rate of copepod populations on the phytoplankton in Xiamen Harbor was,on annual average,about 1.81% of the phytoplankton's standing stock,with the values in spring,summer,autumn,and winter being 3.22%,0.06%,3.52% and 0.46%,respectively.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40376021

西沙赵述岛海域珊瑚礁鱼类物种多样性

2017年4月采用水下录像方式对西沙赵述岛潟湖内外珊瑚礁鱼类种类组成、密度和种类相似度以及造礁珊瑚覆盖率进行评估.共鉴定珊瑚礁鱼类58种,隶属于1纲3目18科37属,其中鲈形目占绝对优势,共55种,占总种类数的94.83%.潟湖内外的珊瑚礁鱼类平均密度存在显著差异,且潟湖内(1.712 3±0.273 2尾/m2)高于潟湖外(0.655 1±0.029 3尾/m2).胸斑眶锯雀鲷(Stegastes fasciolatus)、三斑海猪鱼(Halichoeres trimaculatus)、宅泥鱼(Dascyllus aruanus)和栉齿刺尾鱼(Ctenochaetus striatus)为西沙赵述岛的主要鱼类,前3种主要分布在潟湖内,而栉齿刺尾鱼主要分布在潟湖外.潟湖内外珊瑚礁鱼类的种类相似性系数为0.29,属于中等不相似.潟湖内外的造礁珊瑚覆盖率分别为(7.98±9.91)%和(12.35±6.21)%,不存在显著差异.调查区内珊瑚礁鱼类以小型种类为主,珊瑚礁鱼类中食用价值高的石斑鱼科和鹦嘴鱼科的鱼类密度均不高,这可能与日渐退化的珊瑚礁生态功能和日益增加的人类活动相关.海南省重大科研计划项目(ZDKJ2016013);;农业农村部渔业渔政管理局项目(171821301354051007);;国家海洋局项目(220203993022761133

长江口邻近海域夏季大中型浮游动物物种多样性、年际变化及其影响因素

利用2014—2016年毎年7月在长江口邻近海域进行的大面调查所采集的浮游动物样品,对该海域夏季大中型浮游动物的种类组成及种数平面分布进行了分析,同时结合环境参数,研究了种类组成、种数平面及年际变化的影响因素.研究结果表明:长江口邻近海域3年共鉴定大中型浮游动物165种,隶属7个门的17个类群;桡足类和水螅水母类是每年夏季优势类群;调查区大中型浮游动物种类分布大致呈现近岸低、远岸高、南部高于北部的特征;大中型浮游动物种类数没有明显的年际变化,但是种类组成有明显的年际更替.Pearson相关性分析结果显示:盐度、温度和溶解氧是影响大中型浮游动物种类数平面分布的主要环境因素;复杂的水文环境及台风过境的剧烈影响可能是造成该区域大中型浮游动物种类组成年际变化的主要原因.国家自然科学基金(41676133,J1310037);;福建省自然科学基金(2016J01196);;国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室项目;;厦门大学校长基金(20720170077);厦门大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201610384120,103842017046

An ecological study on zooplankton in the northern Beibu Gulf V: the effects of microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton in summer

2011年8月份于北部湾北部海域5个观测站位获得的分层水样,分析了表层叶绿素A含量和表层微型浮游动物丰度以及类群组成;同时于现场采用稀释培养法研究了该海域浮游植物生长率(μ)和微型浮游动物的摄食率(g)。分析和测定结果表明:调查海区的微型浮游动物丰度400—1167个/l,类群组成以无壳纤毛虫为主;浮游植物的生长率为-1.50—1.13 d-1,微型浮游动物摄食率为0.33—1.08 d-1;推算微型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量以及初级生产力的摄食压力分别为28.1%—66.0%和-7.4%—438.4%。相对于中国其他海区,8月份北部湾北部海域微型浮游动物摄食速率处于中等水平。调查期间,广西沿海高生产力海区,浮游植物生长率大于微型浮游动物动物的摄食率,浮游植物生物量处于积累期;涠洲岛以南海域,浮游植物生产力较低,微型浮游动物摄食作用是控制浮游植物生长的重要因素。In August 2011,we quantified the impact of microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton production in the surface waters of the northern Beibu Gulf,Vietnam.Shipboard dilution incubation experiments were carried out at five stations to calculate phytoplankton specific growth rates and the specific rates of grazing losses to microzooplankton.Dilution experiments using chlorophyll a( Chl a) as a tracer were used to estimate daily rates in two size fractions; image-analyzed microscopy provided quantitative estimates of microzooplankton standing stock( including ciliate and vertebrate larvae).PFW( particle-free water) was used to dilute seawater to five target dilutions of 0%,20%,40%,60%,and 80%.Microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth rates were estimated by the linear regression of AGR( apparent growth rate) versus dilution factor.We estimated the grazing impact of microzooplankton on phytoplankton by calculating the percentage of phytoplankton standing stock and potential primary production ingested.Average total chlorophyll a concentration was( 0.67 ± 0.58) μg / L.Small-celled phytoplankton dominated this particular community.A notable characteristic of the phytoplankton community structure was that nano- and picoplankton made up a significant portion.Aloricate ciliates dominated the microzooplankton samples,in particular Strombidium,which accounted for 27.2% of total aloricate ciliate abundance.In addition,loricate ciliates and copepod nauplii were recorded.Microzooplankton densityvaried from 400 to 1167 ind / L.The horizontal distribution of microzooplankton was greater in nearshore than in offshore waters.Abundance did not differ significantly with chlorophyll a concentration in this study; however,there was a positive correlation between microzooplankton abundance and temperature.The phytoplankton growth rate( < 200 μm) ranged between-1.50 and 1.13 d-1,with the highest values being associated with nearshore waters.Meanwhile phytoplankton mortality due to microzooplankton grazing( 0.33—1.08 d-1) was highest at the same nearshore sites; however,growth rates were low at these sites.Consequently,microzooplankton consumed 28.1%—66.0% of chlorophyll a standing stocks and-8.1%—438.4% of the primary production per day.However,the grazing rate of microzooplankton on nanoplankton( 2— 20 μm) varied from 1.87 to 0.52 d-1,with an average of( 0.94±0.57) d-1.Given that the rates of grazing on phytoplankton of <200 μm were lower than those on nanoplankton,we conclude that microzooplankton prefer to graze on nanoplankton.There was a positive correlation between phytoplankton growth rate and grazing rate; in addition,significant differences between grazing rate and chlorophyll a were found.This suggests that microzooplankton grazing activity is the main factor regulating the community structure and restraining the growth of phytoplankton.During the investigation period, microzooplankton grazing effectively controlled the growth of phytoplankton,consuming 176.2% of primary production on average.When grazing rates are far greater than phytoplankton growth rates,energy is transferred from lower to higher trophic levels more effectively.In the surface waters of the northern Beibu Gulf,microzooplankton largely control the growth of phytoplankton by grazing offshore rather than in nearshore waters where primary production is high.The growth and grazing rates combined promote planktonic ecosystem stability in this area.These results indicate that grazing by microzooplankton is a key process controlling the growth of phytoplankton in this area.海湾公益项目(201005012

Ecosystem structure and function in northern Beibu Gulf: zooplankton spatial niche and its differentiation

根据2006—2007年北部湾北部海域4个航次调查资料,采用k-优势度曲线法对浮游动物种(类)群进行排序分析,运用lEVInS公式和PIAnkA指数分析了主要优势种(类)群的生态位宽度值和生态位重叠程度,并通过除趋势典范对应分析(dCCA)研究生态位分化状况。结果表明,该海区浮游动物优势种(类)群按生态位宽度值可划分为广生态位、中生态位和窄生态位三大类型。其中,广生态位的种(类)群如肥胖软箭虫、亚强次真哲水蚤、长尾类幼体等具有较强的生态适应性,生活范围较广;窄生态位的种(类)群,对环境的适应性较差,对海流和水团等环境因素的变化具有指示意义。生态位宽度能够反映种(类)群丰度季节变化,但不能反映具体丰度大小。北部湾北部全年主要优势种(类)群的生态位宽度值介于0.08—0.77之间,并且各优势种(类)群的生态位宽度差异较大,种对间生态位重叠值介于0.02—0.89之间,平均生态位重叠指数为0.45,种(类)群之间利用资源环境的互补性较强,这与海域内生境多样化并且各优势种对环境适应能力的差异存在一定联系。dCCA分析表明,影响浮游动物分布的主要因子是水深、温度和盐度,其次是叶绿素A和溶解氧。The concept of ecological niche had remained as one of the core ideas in ecological research for almost a century,which was closely linked with interspecific competition,resource utilization had played an important role in the study of community composition and function,of the relationships among species,biodiversity,community succession and population evolution.Based on four seasonal investigations( Spring 2007,Summer 2006,Autumn 2007 and Winter 2006) in northern Beibu Gulf from 2006 to 2007,the niche breadth,niche overlap,spatial differentiation and environment effects on the abundance and spatial distribution of zooplankton were studied with qualitative and quantitative methods.The cumulative top 80% of zooplankton dominant populations were selected by the K-dominant curve method,then the niche breadths and their overlaps of zooplankton were measured using the formulas proposed by Levins Niche Breadth index and the Pianka Niche Overlap index,and the spatial niche differentiation was studied by using Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis( DCCA) method.The results showed that the zooplankton dominant species in northern Beibu Gulf were classified in to three groups,i e.,wide niche breadth groups( Bi= 0.60—0.77),middle niche breadth groups( Bi= 0.30—0.60),narrow niche breadth groups( Bi= 0.08—0.30) based on the niche breadth value.The niche breadths of zooplankton such as Sagitta enflata,Subeucalanus subcrassus and Macrura larvae were wider,which was related with their own characteristics and the capability of adapting environment,while the species whose niche breadths were narrower such as Doliolum denticulatum and Dolioletta gegenbauri will be considered as an indicative significance for ocean currents and water masses.Niche breadth could reflect the zooplankton abundance with the seasonal dynamic changes,and also could objectively reflect the species in the habitat in which the distributions of degree but it could not reflect the Accurate zooplankton abundance.The niche breadth values of dominance zooplankton species ranged between 0.08 and 0.77 in the whole year and The niche breadth difference among the dominant populations was great; The niche overlap values of dominance zooplankton species ranged between 0.02 and 0.89 in the whole year and the average niche overlap index was 0.45,there was strong complementarity in terms of the utility of resource among zooplankton populations,which had certain relationship with northern Beibu Gulf habitat diversification and the strong complementarity in terms of the utility of resource among zooplankton populations.The Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis result showed that depth,temperature and salinity had more important influence on the species spatial distribution than Chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen.海湾公益项目(201005012); 我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST09

The relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton community structure in northern Beibu Gulf

根据2011年4月和8月北部湾北部(北部湾20°n以北的海域)的调查数据,北部湾北部春夏两季共鉴定出浮游植物312种,隶属于4门78属,硅藻是主要优势类群。春季优势种为细弱海链藻(THAlASSIOSIrA SubTIlIS)、丹麦细柱藻(lEPTOCylIndruS dAnICuS)、奇异棍形藻(bACIllArIA PArAdOXA)和尖刺拟菱形藻(PSEudOnITzSCHIA PungEnS);夏季优势种仅为海链藻(THAlASSIOSIrA SP.)。浮游植物群落在春季可划分为2个子群落(SPr1和SPr2),在夏季可划分为3个子群落(SuM1、SuM2和SuM3)。该海域n/P比值一直处于高的水平,绝大部分的水域表现为磷限制,这可能是硅藻大量生长所造成的。春季SPr2群落优势种的柔弱角毛藻(CHAETOCErOS dEbIlIS)与除铵盐之外的营养盐具显著相关关系,奇异棍形藻与环境因子无相关关系。夏季SuM3群落优势种的奇异棍形藻与磷酸盐具显著相关关系。分析表明,琼州海峡过道水为北部湾北部输送了磷酸盐,而硅酸盐则主要由陆地径流输入。Phytoplankton community and nutrient concentration in the northern Beibu Gulf in April and August 2011 were investigated.In this research, 312 phytoplankton taxa were identified, which belonged to four phyla and 78 genera, with Bacillariophyta being the main group.The dominant species were Thalassiosira subtilis, Leptocylindrus danicus, Bacillaria paradoxa, and Pseudonitzschia pungens in spring, and Thalassiosira sp.in summer.Phytoplankton community in northern Beibu Gulf could be divided into two natural groups in spring(spr1 & spr2) and three in summer(sum1, sum2 & sum3).N/P ratio was in a relatively high level in the study area, and most of the waters were phosphorus limitated which resulted from diatom blossom.Chaetoceros debilis was the dominant species of group spr1 and had significant correlation with nutrient in spring, except for ammonium.Bacillaria paradoxa was the dominant species of group sum3 and had significant correlation with phosphate in summer, but, it was uncorrelated with any environmental factors as the dominant species of group spr2 in spring.Phosphate was transported to northern Beibu Gulf through the Qiongzhou Strait corridor water, and silicate was input by land runoff.海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(201005012

Studies on biological processes of the phosphorus turnover in surface water of Xiamen Harbor in China Ⅰ. Grazing of microzooplankton on phytoplankton

国家自然科学基金资助项目(40376021

Mitochondrial COI Sequence Analysis of Labidocera euchaeta Habitated in Xiamen Waters

采用PCR扩增、克隆和序列测定等技术对厦门海域真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaetaGiesbrecht)线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I亚基基因(mitochondrial COI,mtCOI)进行了初步研究,得到3个雌性个体的mtCOI基因片段序列,序列的长度为709 bp,其A,T,C,G平均含量分别为23%、37%、15%和25%.三条核苷酸序列经比较后,得到其遗传相似性(i-dentity)为99.29%,共有15个差异位点,核苷酸差异均为颠换(transversion)类型.比较了厦门海域真刺唇角水蚤与GenBank数据库中的角水蚤科(Pontellidae)6个种的mtDNA COI基因片段序列(索引号AY145428、AY145429、AB206443、AB206444、AB206445、AB206446),其同源性为87.34%.文中讨论了上述7种桡足类的系统发生关系.Labidocera euchaeta Giesbrecht is a dominant planktonic copepod of the coastal waters of China.The specimens in the present study were collected from Xiamen Waters in February of 2004.Mitochondrial COI gene fragment of Labidocera euchaeta was amplified via PCR,the PCR products were ligated into T-vector(Promega Co.),cloned and sequenced.MtCOI gene fragment sequences of three female individual were obtained.The sequence length was 709 of base pairs,and the average contents of A,T,C,G were 23%,37%,15% and 25%,respectively.Genetic identity,99.29%,was calculated by comparison of sequences of Labidocera euchaeta.MtCOI sequence variation sites were found as much as 15 loci and variation types were transversion.The sequences of Labidocera euchaeta collected from Xiamen waters and the sequences of Labidocera rotunda(accession no.AY145428),Calanopia thompsoni(accession no.AY145429),Pontellina plumata(accession no.AB206443),Pontellopsis regalis(accession no.AB206444),Pontellopsis tenuicauda(accession no.AB206445),Pontella rostraticauda(accession no.AB206446) from GenBank were compared and the result showed that the genetic identity was about 87.34% in the 625 base pair region.In the present study,the software programs DNAMAN and MEGA3.1 were used to make gene trees showing the systematic relationships of Labidocera euchaeta collected from Xiamen waters and Labidocera rotunda,Calanopia thompsoni,Pontellina plumata,Pontellopsis regalis,Pontellopsis tenuicauda,Pontella rostraticauda

Ecosystem structure and function in northern Beibu GulfⅠ.The temporal and spatial variation of species composition on zooplankton

根据北部湾“908专项“于2006—2007年4个季节的调查数据,分析了北部湾北部浮游动物的种类组成及影响种数时空变化的环境因素。研究结果表明,北部湾北部浮游动物共计鉴定370种,隶属于8个门,19个类群。水螅水母类和桡足类是优势类群。种数变化呈如下从大至小的顺序为夏季、秋季、春季、冬季的单峰型季节性特征。种数平面分布与水深变化有关,种类数随水深的增加而增多。广温广盐类群和近岸低盐类群在该海域占据主导地位,与少数的河口类群及大洋类群形成北部湾北部特有的浮游动物群落组成结构。该海域在春季出现的暖温带种类由粤西沿岸经琼州海峡过道水带入本调查区。影响种数的环境因素呈季节性变化。地形特征、海流与水团的消长及浮游植物的生长与繁殖是影响浮游动物群落组成和水平分布推移的重要因素。The species composition of zooplankton in northern Beibu Gulf was studied based on the samples of Beibu Gulf collected during 2006—2007.The environmental factors which affected the number of species were also analyzed.The study showed that a total of 370 zooplankton taxa were identified,which belonging to 8 phyla,19 Taxa.Hydromedusae and Copepoda were dominant taxa.The species number of zooplankton,varied seasonally,was highest in summer,followed by autumn,spring and winter.The distribution characteristics indicated that there was a gradual increase in the species number from shallow water to deep water.The wide-temperature-salinity group and the neritic low-salinity group which were dominant in this area formed a uniquely northern Beibu Gulf zooplankton community composition structure with few estuarine group and oceanic group.The temperate group appeared in spring might be brought in Beibu Gulf from neritic Guangdong by Qiongzhou Strait.The environmental factors which affected the number of species were varied during four seasons.Topographic feature,currents and water masses,phytoplankton were the main factors on zooplankton composition.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST09); 海湾公益项目“东南沿海半封闭海湾生态系统对人类活动干扰的响应评价、生态重构技术及示范”(201005012