"Textbooks" for liberal studies in Hong Kong : teachers' and students' use and perceptions of their roles in learning and teaching

Textbook plays an important role in teaching and learning. Unlike most subjects, none Liberal Studies “textbooks” had been reviewed by the Education Bureau (EDB) officially. LS teachers are encouraged to teach flexibly with alternative resources and not to rely solely on LS “textbooks” in its conventional sense. Limited research had been carried out to investigate the effectiveness and user’s perception on LS “textbooks”. This research implements a narrative inquiry approach in the reference of autoethnography, exploring the usage and perception of LS “textbooks’ of three parties – in-service teachers, students and student-teacher. The findings of the research indicate that although LS “textbooks” are seen as auxiliaries by teachers, they still have significance in teaching and learning. Students in general are dissatisfied with LS “textbooks”, and such discontent affects their performance in class thus learning capacity. The findings of the study also bring out difficulties faced by LS teachers such as the acquisition of pedagogical content knowledge and heavy workload from lesson preparation.published_or_final_versionEducationBachelorBachelor of Education in Liberal Studie

Discussion on the Reform and Innovation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Teaching from the Perspective of Development Situation

本文从针灸的发展现状及教学现状就目前针灸教学存在的问题进行探讨,通过查阅知网、万方、维普等网站相关主题的期刊,整理、归纳、分析导向问题,结合针灸教学过程中现存的实际问题,与教学同仁总结、探讨教学心得,注重与学生的沟通交流,总结学生对针灸教学的可行建设性意见,将理论与实际相结合,旨在改革针灸教育教学,更好地传承、发展针灸学。对此,笔者认为问题主要存在于针灸内容、教学模式、学生兴趣、教师水平等方面,并针对这些问题提出了对应的改革建议。In this paper, the development status and the current teaching situation of acupuncture teaching were discussed. THrough consulting CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and other sites related theme journals, finishing, induction and analysis oriented problems were car-ried out, combined with the actual problems existing in the teaching of acupuncture and moxibustion process, the teaching experience and teaching staff were summarized and explored, and pay attention to the communication of the students, the feasible suggestions for acupuncture teaching was summed up, combining theory and practice, in order to reform the education and teaching of acupuncture and moxibustion, better inheritance, development of acupuncture and moxibustion. In this regard, authors thought that the problem mainly existed in the acupuncture content, teaching mode, the students ＇ interest and teacher level, and the corresponding the reform suggestions to solve these problems were put forward

日中間電子商取引における「日本代購」の意義と課題

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考虑谐波谐振和电压稳定的海上风电场无功优化配置方法

海上风电经长距离高压交流海底电缆接入电网，海底电缆容升效应显著，容易引起工频过电压，同时电力电子器件和线路电容引起的谐波谐振问题也严重影响着电网电能质量，因此进行海上风电场无功配置时应充分考虑过电压和谐波谐振问题。针对上述问题，建立了海上风电场谐波模型，对海上风电场的谐波模态阻抗进行扫描，继而分析海上风电场的谐振特性；然后研究了海上风电场无功特性，计算各种发电出力水平和并网点电压下的风电场无功缺额；接着以降低综合成本为目标，以静态电压稳定裕度、最小补偿容量、谐波谐振及过电压为约束，进行海上风电场无功优化配置；最后通过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证所提方法的有效性

Fish species diversity and community pattern in coral reefs of the Xisha Islands,South China Sea

为了解珊瑚礁海域鱼类物种多样性及其群落特征,作者2003年5月在西沙群岛7座主要岛礁(北礁、华光礁、金银岛、东岛、浪花礁、玉琢礁和永兴岛)采用底层刺网进行了调查,运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(nMdS)等多元统计分析方法,对7个岛礁鱼类的种类组成、优势种、多样性和群落格局进行了分析。调查海域共记录鱼类146种,隶属10目31科;各主要岛礁的鱼类以典型的热带种类为主,如鹦嘴鱼科、蝴蝶鱼科、笛鲷科等珊瑚礁鱼类;白边锯鳞鳂(MyrIPrISTIS MurdJAn)、四带笛鲷(luTJAnuS kASMIrA)、灰若梅鲷(PArACAESIO SOrdIduS)、双带梅鲷(CAESIO dIAgrAMMA)、单板盾尾鱼(AXInuruS THynnOIdES)和灰六鳃鲨(HEXAnCHuS grISEuS)为主要优势种;全海域鱼类的SHAnnOn-WIEnEr多样性指数(H')在1.91–3.33之间,平均为2.81,明显高于纬度较高的东海和黄渤海海域;该海域鱼类可划分为两个群落,即永乐群岛群落(群落I)和宣德群岛群落(群落II)。AnOSIM和rElATE检验表明,两个群落间鱼类组成的差异显著(r=0.685,P=0.029<0.05),且群落格局较为稳定(r=0.958,P=0.003<0.01)。We assessed fish communities using bottom gillnet surveys in 7 coral reefs(Beijiao Reef,Huaguang Reef,Jinyin Island,Dongdao Island,Langhua Reef,Yuzhuo Reef and Yongxing Island) of the Xisha Islands in May,2003 and analyzed species composition and diversity,dominant species,and community pattern using the software Primer.A total of 146 fish species belonging to 31 families and 10 orders were collected during the survey.Fishes in the coral reefs were dominated by the typical tropical species,including members of the families Scaridae,Chaetodontidae and Lutjanidae.According to the Index of Relative Importance(IRI),the six most dominant fish species were Myripristis murdjan,Lutjanus kasmira,Paracaesio sordidus,Caesio diagramma,Axinurus thynnoides and Hexanchus griseus,respectively.Shannon-Wiener diversity indices(H') ranged from 1.91 to 3.33 among reefs,with an average of 2.81.Overall,diversity indices for the Xisha Islands were higher than those found in the East China Sea,the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea,all of which are found at a higher latitude.The spatial pattern of fish communities was analyzed using hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling.Two major groups based on fish assemblages were indentified,with group I located in the Yongle Islands and Group II in the Xuande Islands.ANOSIM and RELATE tests showed significant differences(R=0.685,P=0.029<0.05) in fish assemblages between these groups and the community pattern were quite stable(R=0.958,P=0.003<0.01).中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2010YD10、2009TS08);农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404

Exciton-Phonon Coupling of NN_3 Center in Heavily Nitrogen Doped GaP

通过光致发光谱研究了在 1 9～ 4 8K范围内掺氮浓度为 0 .1 2 %时的 Ga PN的 NN3束缚激子与声子的耦合 .直接计算了 NN3束缚激子的 L O,TO和 TA声子伴线的黄昆因子 S,除了 L O声子外 ,得到了 TO和 TA声子伴线的S因子在该温度范围内对温度的依赖关系 .计算表明 ,NN3的 L O,TO和 TA声子的 S因子均与温度无关 ,说明NN3的 L O,TO和 TA声子伴线与它们的零声子线具有相同的温度依赖关系 ,符合黄昆的多声子光跃迁理论Under heavy nitrogen doping,due to the “concentration quenching” effect,the full spectrum of the NN 3 center is revealed without the interference from the spectra of other higher energy centers.This investigation offers a direct proof for that all the phonon replicas are the phonon sidebands governed by the Huang Rhys’ multiphonon optical transition theory.国家自然科学基金 (批准号 :60 2 760 0 2 );; 厦门大学预研基金 (批准号 :Y0 70 0 5 )资助项目~

Dynamics of demersal fish species diversity and biomass of dominant species in autumn in the Beibu Gulf,northwestern South China Sea

根据1992年、2001年和2006年秋季在北部湾进行的底拖网调查数据,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、物种多样性、优势种及其数量的变动趋势进行分析。1992年共记录鱼类171种,隶属17目77科;2001年记录鱼类156种,隶属18目71科;2006年记录157种,隶属17目67科。3个年代记录的鱼类均以鲈形目的种类数最多,其中1992年为96种(占56.14%)、2001年90种(占57.69%)和2006年89种(占56.69%)。鱼类的PIElOu均匀度指数(J')和SHAnnOn-WIEnEr多样性指数(H')的变化趋势一致:以2001年最高,为0.72和3.64;其次为1992年,为0.64和3.27;2006年最低,分别为0.52和2.64。丰富度指数(d)呈逐年下降的趋势:为1992年的21.03,2001年的20.74和2006年的19.61。建立非线性回归模型对北部湾3个年代出现的6种共有优势种(发光鲷ACrOPOMA JAPOnICuM、带鱼TrICHIuruS HAuMElA、二长棘鲷PArArgyrOPS EdITA、黄斑鲾lEIOgnATHuS bInduS、竹荚鱼TrACHuruS JAPOnICuS和黄带绯鲤uPEnEuS SulPHurEuS)的数量变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:北部湾鱼类中的经济价值较高的优势种逐渐被低值和小型的鱼类所替代,但繁殖力较强和寿命较短的鱼类变动较小。在6种共同优势种中,黄斑鲾和发光鲷的渔获率呈上升趋势;带鱼和黄带绯鲤的渔获率呈下降趋势;而二长棘鲷和竹荚鱼的渔获率基本保持不变。研究结果表明,北部湾鱼类的优势种更替明显,总体变化趋势是k选择种类(以红笛鲷和黑印真鲨等为代表)逐渐被r选择种类(发光鲷、鲾科和天竺鱼科等为代表)所替代,即寿命长、个体大和营养级高的鱼类数量减少,寿命短、个体小和营养级较低的种类增多。The Beibu Gulf is a semi-enclosed gulf located in the northwestern South China Sea and surrounded by the land territories of China and Vietnam.The region has a tropical to subtropical climate.Thousands of fish and shellfish species have been identified in the Beibu Gulf and support some very important fisheries throughout the year in the region.Large scale resource surveys have been conducted over the last few decades to assess fisheries resources in the Beibu Gulf,and a large quantity of biological and environmental data have been collected.Such scientific data are perfect for evaluating changes in the ecosystem and answers questions such as what changes have occurred over the last few decades to the fisheries ecosystem in the Beibu Gulf? In the study,we analyzed data collected in otter trawl surveys in the Beibu Gulf in autumn 1992,2001 and 2006 to evaluate fish species composition and diversity,dominant species,and their biomasses.The analysis showed that 171 fish species caught in the 1992 autumn survey in the Beibu Gulf Gulf belonged to 77 families and 17 orders,a total of 156 fish species belonging to 71 families and 18 orders were found in the 2001 survey and 157 species belonging to 67 families and 17 orders were identified in 2006.Perciformes had the highest number of fish species,96 species(accounting for 56.14%) in 1992,90 species(57.69%) in 2001 and 89 species(56.69%) in 2006.The Pielou evenness index(J′) had the same temporal trend as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′).Both indices were the highest in 2001,followed by those in 1992 and 2006.The Margalef richness index(D) reduced from 21.03 in 1992 to 20.74 in 2001 and to 19.61 in 2006.Nonlinear regression models were developed to quantify the temporal trends of biomass of the 6 dominant species(Acropoma japonicum,Trichiurus haumela,Parargyrops edita,Leiognathus bindus,Trachurus japonicas and Upeneus sulphureus) in the Beibu Gulf.The dominant species were found to shift from the high-value fish species to the low-value species,but no significant changes for fish species with high reproduction rates and short life spans.The catch rates increased during the survey period for A.japonicum and L.bindus,decreased for T.haumela and U.sulphureus,and remained similar for P.edita and T.japonicus.This study shows an apparent succession of the dominant species with an overall trend of the K-selection species(such as Lutjanus sanguineus and Carcharhinus menisorrah) being replaced by the r-selection species(such as A.japonicum,Leiognathus,and Apogonichthys).The abundance of fish species with long life span,large size and high trophic levels decreased,while short-lived and small-sized fish species in low trophic levels increased their abundance over the time period covered by the survey.The study provides important evidence of changes occurring in the Beibu Gulf ecosystem.农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2007TS08;2007ZD08;2009TS08;2010YD10);广东省海洋渔业资源综合评价(GD908-02-05

基于核磁共振氢谱技术研究电针“内关”穴对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清及心肌组织代谢物的影响

目的:基于核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)研究电针\"内关\"穴对心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)大鼠血清和心肌组织代谢物的影响,探讨电针\"内关\"穴对MIRI大鼠代谢模式的影响。方法:30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、电针组。对照组:不予电针,仅用鼠板束缚大鼠,每次20min,每日1次,持续7d;模型组予心肌缺血再灌注造模:至第7天后结扎冠状动脉左前降支40 min后恢复血流60 min;电针组(频率10Hz/50Hz,脉冲宽度0.5ms,强度1mA):每日电针双侧\"内关\"穴1次,时间20min,持续7d,于第7天电针后造模。造模结束后,收集3组大鼠的血清和心肌组织。利用1 H NMR进行代谢物检测并利用多元统计方法主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘分析(OPLS-DA)进行模式识别。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠血清的亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、3-羟基丁酸、乳酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸、醋酸盐、N-乙酰糖蛋白、丙酮、乙酰乙酸、琥珀酸、谷氨酰胺、多不饱和脂肪酸、肌酸、甘油磷酸胆碱、甘氨酸均浓度下降,低密度脂蛋白/极低密度脂蛋白、葡萄糖浓度上升;其中除丙酮、乙酰乙酸和多不饱和脂肪酸外,低密度脂蛋白/极低密度脂蛋白在电针后下降到接近对照组水平,其它代谢物浓度均在电针后上升到接近对照组水平,电针组大鼠血清的代谢模式更接近对照组。与对照组相比,模型组大鼠心肌组织的乳酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬氨酸、甘油磷酸胆碱、肌酸、牛磺酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、腺苷一磷酸、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸浓度下降,葡萄糖浓度明显上升;其中肌酸、甘油磷酸胆碱、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸浓度在电针后上升,葡萄糖浓度在电针后下降;此外,电针组大鼠心肌组织苏氨酸、腺苷一磷酸浓度较模型组进一步下降;电针组大鼠心肌的代谢模式虽然有向对照组偏移的趋势,但与对照组差异还是较大。结论:电针\"内关\"穴可调节MIRI大鼠糖代谢、脂肪酸代谢、氨基酸代谢及能量代谢,对心肌具有一定的保护作用,但其具体的代谢通路及机制需要进一步研究。国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.81574080);;湖南省中医药管理局课题(No.201521);;湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目(No.15k093

The Study on Decoction of Kangxin Capsule and Its Minor Components are Influenced on Peripheral Blood CD_3、CD_4、CD_8 and CD_4/CD_8 of the Kidney Weakness with Blood Obstruction Style Vascular Dementia Rat Model

目的 　观察康欣胶囊及其拆方对 ( VD)模型 (肾虚血瘀型 )大鼠外周血 CD3、CD4、CD8的影响。 方法 　采用电灼烧封闭双侧椎动脉和摘除单侧性器官法制作 ( VD)模型 (肾虚血瘀型 )大鼠 ,用康欣胶囊全方及其拆方和西药喜得镇给药 1个月 ,电镜、光镜观察各组大鼠海马、下丘脑、枕部皮质神经细胞情况 ,流式细胞仪检测大鼠外周血 CD3、CD4、CD8。 结果 　康欣胶囊全方组海马、下丘脑、枕部皮质神经细胞的内织网、线粒体水肿固缩及细胞核固缩情况明显轻于模型空白对照组 ;外周血 CD4/ CD8比例指标明显高子空白模型组、健脾组、西药组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,养血活血组 CD4/ CD8比例指标高于空白模型组、健脾组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。结论 　康欣胶囊全方及其拆方养血活血方可提高 ( VD)模型 (肾虚血瘀型 )大鼠外周血 CD4/ CD8比例水平即提高免疫力 ,并延缓减轻缺血性神经细胞凋亡。OBJECTIVE To observe decoction of KANGXIN capsule and its minor components are influenced peripheral blood CD3、CD4、CD8 of the kidney weakness with blood obstruction style vascular dementia rat model.METHOD Use electric iron to burn and block the both side vertebral arteries and amputate one side genital organ(testis or ovary) of rat, made the kidney weakness with blood obstruction style of VD rat model.KANGXIN capsule complete components and its minor components: and Dinydroergotaxine had been given for l month,at the same time to establish the control model group (hadn't given any medication),complete components, kidney tonic, pancreas tonic, blood tonic with promoting blood circulation, and western medicine Dihydroergotaxine group. Use electronic microscopy and light microscopy to observe nerve cells in hippocampus, hypothalamus, occipital lobe cortex of each group, and use cell cytometry to analysis the peripheral blood CD3,CD4,CD8 of model rat.RESULTS Under electronic microscopy;the mitochondrion, rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear of nerve cells of hippocampus,hypothalamus,occipital lobe cortex of complete components group of KANGXIN capsule are slighter swelling and reduce (other groups had improved with difference scale), those are compared with control model group. Peripheral blood CD4/CD8 rate of Complete component group are higher than control model, pancreas tonic, and Dihydroergotaxine group,(P<0.01),CD4/CD8 rate of blood tonic with promoting blood circulation group are higher than control moodel and pancreas tonic group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION KANGXIN capsule and blood tonic with promoting blood circulation group are able to enhance immunity(lift up the CD4/CD8 rate) of the kidney weakness with blood obstruction style VD rat, and to slow down apoptosis of nerve cells which is caused by vertebrobasilar insufficiency.福建省卫生厅重大中医药项目 ( 2 0 0 2 -10 3

Fish species composition and community pattern in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea

根据2006—2007年在南海西北部陆架区海域进行的4航次底拖网调查数据,对该海域鱼类的种类组成和群落格局进行分析。调查共采获鱼类262种,隶属于20目102科。以冬季出现种类数最多,为166种;夏季和秋季次之,分别为161种和155种;春季最少,为135种。运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(nMdS)方法分析了南海西北部陆架区鱼类群落结构的空间分布。研究表明,该海域鱼类可划分为5个群落,分别为粤西沿岸群落(群落Ⅰ)、海南岛东南沿岸群落(群落Ⅱ)、海南岛东部深海群落(群落Ⅲ)、过渡群落(群落Ⅳ)和混合群落(群落V)。AnOSIM检验表明,各群落间鱼类组成的差异极为显著(r=0.847-0.939,P<0.001)。鱼类群落格局的变化与海流和水深关系密切,有较明显的沿水深梯度分布的规律。咸淡水鱼类在雷州半岛东部的冷涡区域,形成群落Ⅰ;南海暖流控制区域内的深海鱼类,形成群落Ⅲ;在南海暖流最为强劲的冬季,研究区域内大部分鱼类集结为混合性群落V;琼东南沿岸的上升流区内形成群落Ⅱ;沿岸流强劲的夏、秋季,在沿岸流和上升流交汇处,形成过渡性群落Ⅳ。To understand fish species composition,community pattern,dominant species and seasonal variation in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea,four otter trawl surveys were conducted in January and August 2006,and April and November 2007,representing winter,summer,spring and autumn,respectively.Sixteen stations were assigned in each otter trawl survey along the coastlines from eastern Leizhou Peninsula to southeastern Hainan Island.Fish collection and data analysis followed the National Marine Survey Standards(GB/T12763.6—2007).Totally 262 fish species,from 102 families and 20 orders,were collected in the four seasonal surveys.The results revealed that the highest species diversity was in winter with 166 species recorded and the lowest was in spring with 135 species recorded;161 and 155 species were recorded in summer and autumn,respectively.The Order Perciformes was the most important fish group in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea;the highest species diversity recorded was the Perciformes in all four seasons,and 40 out of 72 species recorded year-round belonged to the Perciformes.Species found in all four seasons contributed to 80.34% of total fish biomass.Ninety-one species found only in a single season contributed to 1.62% of total fish biomass.The spatial pattern of fish communities was analyzed using the hierarchical clustering and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS),five fish groups were indentified.The Group Ⅰ,recorded in all four seasons,was located in the coastal waters of western Guangdong Province and consisted of 3 or 4 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅰ were stable among seasons.The Group Ⅱ,recorded in spring,summer and autumn,was located in the coastal waters of southeastern Hainan Island and consisted of 6—9 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅱ had seasonal variation.The Group Ⅲ,recorded in spring,summer and autumn,was located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 4 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅲ were stable.The Group Ⅳ as a transitional community,recorded in summer and autumn only,was located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 1—3 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅳ were small and changed largely with season.The Group Ⅴ as a mixed community,recorded in winter only,was also located in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island and consisted of 13 stations.The scale and the distribution area of the Group Ⅴ were the largest among the 5 groups.Based on the analysis of similarities(ANOSIM),the results showed the significant differences(R=0.847-0.939,P <0.001) in fish community pattern for all four seasons.Although the station combinations in each fish community had seasonal variation,the correlation coefficients on the community similarities between spring and summer,between summer and autumn and between autumn and winter were 0.780,0.630 and 0.777,respectively.The variations of fish community pattern are closely related to ocean currents and depth.The brackish fishes distributed in the cold eddy area of eastern Leizhou Peninsula and contributed to the Group Ⅰ.The deep sea fishes along the South China Sea Warm Current in eastern Hainan Island contributed to the Group Ⅲ.In winter with the strongest South China Sea Warm Current recorded in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island,the area was dominated by fishes from the mixed Group Ⅴ.Because of the upwelling in the coastal waters of southeastern Hainan Island the area was dominated by fishes from the Group Ⅱ.In summer and autumn,the coastal current was strong and mixed with the upwelling in the deep waters of eastern Hainan Island;therefore,the area was dominated by fishes from the transitional Group Ⅳ.This study provides scientific evidences for further sustainable fisheries development and conservation in the continental shelf of northwestern South China Sea.我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-01-ST08); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所)资助项目(2009TS08;2010YD01和2010YD10); 农业部近海渔业资源调查项目(070404); 海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005012); 广东省海洋渔业资源综合评价资助项目(GD908-02-05