Effect of Ni~(2+) and Sn~(2+) Modified SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2 Solid Super-Acid Catalysts on Visbreaking of Heavy Petroleum Oil

稠油黏度高的特性使其开采难度较大。为降低胜利油田稠油的黏度,制备了金属离子(Ni2+和Sn2+)改性的SO42-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂,考察了这两种催化剂对稠油的降黏性能。实验结果表明,Ni2+和Sn2+改性的SO24-/ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂能在较低的温度下催化稠油降黏,在反应温度240℃、压力3~4MPa、反应时间24h、稠油与催化剂质量比100∶0.05的条件下,稠油的黏度由0.319Pa.s分别降至0.135Pa.s和0.163Pa.s,降黏率达57.7%和48.9%。反应后,稠油中的饱和烃含量增加,芳烃、胶质和沥青质含量减少,杂原子S和N的含量降低。同时发现,水的存在对稠油降黏不利。SO2-4/ZrO2 solid super-acid catalysts(SZ) separately doped with Ni2+ and Sn2+(Ni2+/SZ,Sn2+/SZ) were prepared for catalytic visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil from Shengli oil field.The visbreaking reactions were carried out under conditions of 240 ℃,3-4 MPa,mass ratio of heavy petroleum oil to catalyst 100 ∶0.05 and reaction time 24 h.The effect of water content on viscosity change of heavy petroleum oil was also investigated.Both the catalysts can promote thermolysis of heavy petroleum oil,and make the viscosity dropping from 0.319 Pa·s to 0.135 Pa·s(Ni2+/SZ) and 0.163 Pa·s(Sn2+/SZ),respectively.The visbreaking rates are 57.7% and 48.9% correspondingly.After reactions,content of saturated hydrocarbons increases and contents of aromatics,resin and asphaltene decrease.At the same time,sulfur and nitrogen contents in heavy petroleum oil also reduce.The presence of water is disadvantageous to visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil.国家"973"计划项目(2004CB217805

基于可见光与近红外遥感反射率关系的藻华水体识别模式

极轨气象卫星AVHRR红光波段(波段1,波长580~680nm)和近红外波段(波段2,波长720~1100nm)的水体遥感反射率关系函数Rrs(2)-1=α0Rrs(1)-1+g-1(1?α0)中,参数α0=(bb(1)/bb(2))(a(2)/a(1))对叶绿素浓度敏感且相对独立于浊度,以1.6<α0<5.6和0.01<Rrs(2)/g<0.2为判据,可以实现叶绿素浓度为64~256μg/L的近海藻华水体识别.在2003年6月闽江口藻华水体的AVHRR遥感信息识别基础上,进行了该识别模式与传统的单波段模式,以及与比值法、NDVI法、差值法等双波段模式的比较,建议将该识别模式发展为近海藻华水体遥感的普适模式

Abundance and production of bacteria and their correlations with environmental factor

以2014年8月南海北部海水样品为研究对象,利用平板计数法和流式细胞仪计数法对南海北部表层和垂直海域可培养细菌和细菌总数分布状况进行研究,对细菌; 生产力进行测定,并结合环境因子进行相关性分析。结果表明:珠江口到南海北部海域,水平方向可培养细菌总数变化范围是3.70*10~2 ~; 1.42*10~3 CFU/mL,细菌总数变化范围是5.12 * 10~5 ~1.61 * 10~6; cells/mL,细菌生产力的变化范围是0.03 ~0.40 mg/m~3/h;垂直方向上可培养细菌变化范围是1.08 *10~3 ~9.00; *10~3 CFU/mL,细菌生产力变化范围是0.01 ~0.08; mg/m~3/h,其中表层海水中的细菌生产力明显高于底层。与环境因子相关性分析表明,水平方向上,影响南海北部表层海水细菌总数和细菌生产力的主要因; 素是温度、盐度、硝酸盐(NO_3-N)、硅酸盐(SiO_3-Si)、亚硝酸盐(NO_2-N)和磷酸盐(PO_4-P)(P<0.05);垂直方向上; ,影响南海北部可培养细菌总数的主要因素是NO_2-N(P<0.05),影响细菌生产力的主要影响因素是温度和盐度(P; <0.05)。可见,南海北部表层海水中细菌总数高于可培养细菌总数2; ~3个数量级,表明该海域表层海水存在大量不可培养细菌;细菌的生命活动在海水表层相较底层更为活跃。Distribution of abundance and production of bacteria and their; correlations with environmental factor were investigated, using plate; count method and flow cytometry, in the surface and vertical waters of; the northern south China sea in August 2014. The cultivable bacterial; abundance ranged from 3.70 * 10~2 CFU/mL to 1.42 * 10~3 CFU/ mL, the; total bacterial abundance ranged from 5.12 * 10~5 cells/mL to 1.61 *; 10~6 cells/mL and the bacterial productions varied from 0.03 mg/m~3/h to; 0.40 mg/m~3/h in horizontal distribution. In vertical distribution, the; cultivable bacterial abundance ranged from 1.08 * 10~3 CFU/mL to 9.00 *; 10~3 CFU/mL and the bacterial productions varied from 0.01 mg/m~3/h to; 0.08 mg/m~3/h, respectively. The correlation analysis results showed; that the environmental factors affecting the abundance of total bacteria; and bacterial productivity included temperature, salinity,; nitrate(NO_3-N),silicate (SiO_3-Si), nitrite (NO_2-N),and phosphate; (PO_4-P) (P<0.05). NO_2-N was the main influencing factor to cultivable; bacteria abundance (P < 0.05), while bacterial productivity was highly; correlated with temperature and salinity in vertical distribution of; northern south China sea (P < 0.05). The total bacterial abundance was 2; ~ 3 orders of magnitude higher than cultivable bacteria, suggesting that; there were many uncultured bacterium in surface water of northern south; China sea and bacterial activities in the surface maybe more active than; in the bottom.全球变化与海气交互作用; 国家重点研发计划全球变化及应对专项; 海洋公益性行业科研专

Diversity of CO_2 fixation gene in the surface waters of northern South China Sea in the Calvin cycle

为揭示南海北部表层海水中参与卡尔文循环的固碳基因多样性及其与环境因子的关系,本研究以卡尔文循环中的关键酶核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubis CO)的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型基因(cbbL、cbbM)作为分子标记,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对海水中的固碳基因多样性进行分析,并结合多元统计分析的方法,探讨了固碳基因多样性与环境因子的关系.结果显示,在南海北部表层海水中,含cbbL基因固碳基因主要归属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中,优势亚群分别是γ-变形菌亚门(45.3%)、蓝细菌(30.9%)和β-变形杆菌亚门(23.8%);而含cbbM基因的固碳菌群未检测到;近岸的A9站位与其他站位物种组成有一定的差异,异着色菌属(Allochromatium)、硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)和硫单胞菌属(Thiohalomonas)为其特有菌属.相关性和冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,含cbbL基因的固碳基因丰度与水温、盐度呈显著负相关(p<0.01),与硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硅酸盐呈显著正相关(p<0.01).To elucidate the diversity of CO_2 fixation and its relationship with environmental factors in surface water of northern South China Sea,the coding gene form I( cbbL) and form II( cbbM)( that encodes Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase( Rubis CO) were chosen as biomarkers in Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle( a common carbon fixation pathway for chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms) to analyze the carbon sequestration gene diversity. The Illumina Miseq sequencing method and multivariate statistical analysis were employed. The cbbM gene was not detected in any of samples,while the cbbL gene was found in all samples. The cbbL-containing genetic communities were dominated by Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes,in which γ-Proteobacteria( 45. 3%),Cyanobacteria( 30. 9%),β-Proteobacteria( 23. 8%) were predominant subpopulation. There were differences between the nearshore station of A9 with other stations,in which Allochromatiu,Thiobacillus and Thiohalomonas were unique species in A9 station.Relativity and redundancy analysis suggest that water temperature, salinity, nitrate, nitrite, silicate were highly statistically significant factors.Temperature and salinity were positively( p < 0. 01),while the other three factors negatively influenced CO_2 fixation gene of cbbL gene abundance( p <0. 01).全球变化与海气交互作用专项(No.GASI-03-01-02-05);; 海洋公益性行业科研专项(No.201305030,201405007)~

Determination of Trace Metal Elements in Crude Oils by Microwave Digestion-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Assisted with Organic Solvent

李景喜( 1980 － ) ，男，山东临沂市人，研究实习员，从事分析化学研究。E-mail: jxli@fio．org． cn。[中文摘要]建立了二氯甲烷溶剂辅助微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定原油中V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Co、Pb等16种微量金属元素。研究表明,用CH2Cl2分散原油样品,以浓HNO3-H2O2为消解体系,采用CEM微波消解系统消解样品,各元素线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.9995;检出限可达ng/L;方法精密度较高,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)<5.0%;回收率为92%～110%。以w(Ni)/w(V)与w(Fe)/w(V)比值为变量参数对不同原油样品进行聚类分析,表明国内与国外不同地区原油样品中各金属元素含量差异较大。[英文文摘]A method for determination of V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mo Co,Pb,etc in different crude oils was established by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry assisted with organic solvent microwave digestion.The oil sample was digested by microwave using HNO3-H2O2 as oxidant after dispersing in organic solvent(CH2Cl2).The results showed that the detection limits of the method reached ng/L level for sixteen elements.The linear correlation of the method was preferable with the correlation coefficient of better than 0.9995． The recoveries of the method were in the range of 92% ～ 110% with the precision of less than 5.0% RSD (n=3)．The ratios of w(Ni)/w(V) and w(Fe)/w(V) were distinct in different crude oil samples from oversea and domestic，and the index can be used to the cluster analysis for differencing the crude oil samples．国家海洋局第一海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资助(2010G23);海洋公益性行业科研专项资助(200705011);海洋溢油鉴别与损害评估技术重点实验室开放基金资助(200920

传媒化协同治理模式——基于社会治理框架下的媒介形态分析

近年来,大量的电视调解类、帮忙类、信访类、问政类等新兴节目形态催生了电视协同式社会治理模式。这种新的治理模式的产生是政治民主透明与传媒改革创新互动的结果。电视协同式治理以民众喜闻乐见的形式提供了中国式治理的媒介图景。它不仅增进了社会治理的公众参与性,也在媒介化治理的公共呈现中重塑了执政党和政府的良好形象,增强了政治合法性,发挥了治理的政治传播功能,但也存在选择性治理、传媒化人治、治理的剧场化与表演化、私域空间的公共化等问题。传媒化治理应当向制度化转变,从行政的正当程序、议事规则、商谈程序与伦理的完善上防止电视治理走向电视暴政和电视民粹主义,同时,电视协同式治理模式应当进一步提升媒介产品的影响力,在传媒产品和纠纷解决机制之间谋求平衡。电视化协同治理功能的发挥还有赖于伦理和法治体系性的完善。电视协同式社会治理模式表征了媒介化社会治理理论和实践的新向度,蕴含着传媒新理论及其实践批判和创新的机遇与空间。国家社会科学基金一般项目(项目编号:12YJA820036)； 教育部规划基金项目(项目编号:12YJA820036)； 民族法与区域治理研究协同创新中心项目成

论告诉才处理的法律定位

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电视司法化:“看得见的正义”?——基于正当程序视角的分析

以帮忙类、调解类为代表的电视纠纷解决节目的风生水起,在预示着一种新生的具有媒介现象与法律现象双重属性的电视替代性纠纷解决机制兴起的同时,又因电视直接介入纠纷解决使其自身陷入伦理困局。以现代法治的基石——正当程序视角批判性地分析观照电视司法化,倡导建构传媒介入纠纷解决的正当程序是一条可选择的破解困局的理论路径。国家社科基金项目“新媒体生态下权利纠纷解决的法学与传播学关系研究”(12BFX007);教育部规划基金项目“权利的媒介救济——新媒体时代纠纷解决的媒介化范式研究”(12YJA820036);广西哲学社会科学“十二五”规划2011年度项目“新闻监督与司法公正法律问题研究”(11BFX002);广西高等学校优秀人才资助计划项目“纠纷解决的媒介化范式研究”(桂教人[2011]40号);广西教育厅项目“新媒体时代的表达自由与名誉权、隐私权保护”(201010LX087);广西民族大学人才引进项目“大众传媒与纠纷的解决”(2010QD005)研究成

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当下的电视调解节目既是一种全新的社会司法形态,也是一种全新的媒介形态;以合法性分析的进路关照,电视调解存在诸多合法性困境,电视台作为调解的主体,违背其法律角色定位,赋予电视调解协议以人民调解协议的效力是违反调解法的;电视调解是一种戏剧化范式架构下的泛道德主义媒介强制,在很大程度上违背了当事人的自愿原则;电视调解节目中正当程序权利告知程序的缺如以及因收视率追逐而调解人中立性的伦理底线的超越,凡此种种,都使得电视调解的规范化势在必行。教育部规划基金项目《权利的媒介救济——新媒体时代纠纷解决的媒介化范式研究》〈12YJA820036〉;广西哲学社会科学“十二五”规划2011年度项目《新闻监督与司法公正法律问题研究》〈11BFX002〉;广西高等学校优秀人才资助计划项目《纠纷解决的媒介化范式研究》〈桂教人[2011]40号〉;广西民族大学人才引进项目《大众传媒与纠纷的解决》(2010QD005)等项目研究成

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