Flora analysis of seed plants in Wuyuan forest birds nature reserve

在野外调查及查阅相关资料的基础上,对婺源森林鸟类自然保护区的种子植物资源进行区系分析。结果表明:(1)区内植物种类丰富多样,共有种子植物1 724种,隶属于194科732属。其中裸子植物8科13属16种,被子植物186科719属1 708种。(2)区内种子植物科属的组成较为分散,植物成分较为复杂。在科的组成结构上,少种科的数量最多,占54.64%。但包含植物种类最多的是较大科,占总种类的29.23%。在属的组成结构上,则主要以少种属和单种属为主,分别占比32.79%和55.87%。(3)区内种子植物区系成分复杂。热带分布类成分相对占优势,有297属,占总属数的40.57%。其次是亚洲分布类有196属,占26.78%。此外温带分布类含173属,占23.63%;世界分布类有66属,占9.02%。(4)将婺源种子植物与邻近的四个地区进行比较。5个地区中世界分布类和亚洲分布类所占比值大致相当,但热带类和温带类所占比值则有较大差异。热带分布类成分最多的婺源,占比值为40.57%,最少的黄山只有31.82%。温带分布类成分最多的黄山,占比值为29.31%,最少的婺源只有23.63%。The area types analysis of the seed plant was done based on field investigation and relevant information about Wuyuan forest bird nature reserve. The results showed that:(1) There are 1 724 species of seed plants in this region, belong to 194 families and 732 genera, including 8 families,13 genera, 16 species of gymnosperm and 186 families, 719 genera, 1 708 species of angiosperms.(2) The composition of the seed plants in this region is highly dispersed and very complex. In the composition of the families, the number of small families is the most, which rate is 54.64%. However, the major families contain the largest number of plant species, the rate is 29.23%. In the composition of the genus, species focus on the small genera and the single genus that accounted for 32.79% and 55.87%.(3) The flora of seed plants in this region is complex. There are 297 genera, 40.57% genera of the total, in the tropical distribution. Followed by the Asian distribution of 196 genera, accounting for 26.78%. In addition, the temperate distribution including 173 genera, 23.63% of the total and the world distribution including 66 genera, accounting for 9.02% of the total.(4) Comparison of other 4 regions in the same latitude of Wuyuan forest birds nature reserve. In the 5 regions, the proportion of the world distribution and the Asia distribution is roughly equal, but there is a large difference between the tropical distribution and temperate distribution. Wuyuan, which contain the highest ratio of tropical distribution, 40.57% of the total, and in the least Huangshan the ratio is only 31.82%. Temperate distribution has the highest ratio 29.31% of Huangshan, and the least 23.63% of Wuyuan.国家科技部科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110200

Catalytic Behaviors and Stability of Aerogel Silica-Supported Ni Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane into Synthesis Gas

以常压有机溶剂置换(A)和溶剂置换-表面改性(b)方式制备的两种SIO2气凝胶(SIO2-A(或b)型气凝胶,记为SIO2-A(Or b)g)为载体,采用常规浸渍法和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)添加浸渍法合成不同SIO2气凝胶负载的nI/SIO2催化剂,并考察其催化的甲烷部分氧化(POM)制合成气的反应性能.结果表明,各催化剂的初始反应性能相近,但nI/SIO2-bg的POM稳定性明显较nI/SIO2-Ag的差,而PVP添加制备的催化剂稳定性则获明显改善,nI/SIO2-Ag-PVP、nI/SIO2-bg-PVP上POM稳定性相近.结合X射线衍射(Xrd)、程序升温还原反应(H2-TPr)、高分辨透射电镜(TEM)和brunAuEr-EMMETT-TEllEr(bET)等表征结果的分析发现:(1)SIO2-Ag表面上存在一定量的羟基,可促进亲水性金属物种与其的相互作用,而SIO2-bg表面上基本为有机基团,与亲水性金属物种几乎无作用;(2)PVP的存在可使金属物种进入亲/疏水载体孔道深处,抑制焙烧中载体骨架的收缩和金属颗粒的生长,进而促进金属载体的相互作用.这二者均能有效地提高催化剂的POM反应稳定性.Two types of aerogel silica,denoted as SiO2- A(or B)G are synthesized with either solvent substitution(A) or solvent substitution-surface modification(B) under atmospheric conditions.Aerogel silicasupported Ni catalysts are then prepared via impregnated(IM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-added IM methods,and their performances for the partial oxidation of methane(POM) are investigated.The similar initial catalytic performances(activity and selectivity) are observed over the different Ni/SiO2catalysts.With respect to POM stability,Ni/SiO2-BG is significantly worse than Ni/SiO2-AG,while catalysts with PVP addition(during preparation) exhibit a significant improvement.In this case,Ni/SiO2-BG-PVP is comparable to Ni/SiO2-AG-PVP.We characterize the catalysts with X-ray diffraction(XRD),temperature-programmed hydrogen reduction(H2-TPR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) analysis.We find that there are hydroxyls on the SiO2-AG surface that favor their interaction with hydrophilic metal species,while on the SiO2-BG surface there are organic groups that do not interact with hydrophilic metal species.In addition,with the help of PVP,metal species can access the deep pores of hydrophilic/hydrophobic silica gels.Then,the contraction of the silica framework and the growth of metal particles are inhibited during calcinations,enhancing interactions between Ni and the silica gels.These(benefits from surface hydroxyls and PVP) result in significant improvements in the catalysts with respect to POM stability.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2010CB732303); 国家自然科学基金(21033006;21373169); 长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT1036)资助~

高分辨率核磁共振纯化学位移谱新方法及其应用

核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)以无辐射、非入侵、高分辨率及信息丰富等特点被广泛应用在化学、生物、医药、材料等领域.纯化学位移技术,因其能大幅提高NMR重叠谱图分辨率的优良特性,近年来逐渐成为NMR领域的研究热点.本文结合作者所在团队在纯化学位移新技术及其应用研究的基础上,评述了纯化学位移技术的发展现状,及其机遇与挑战.国家自然科学基金大科学装置联合基金重点项目(U1632274

The invention relates to a method for in-situ aseptic enrichment culture of polychlorella

本发明属于海洋微微型蓝藻的无菌培养技术领域，尤其涉及一种原位无菌富集培养聚球藻的方法。将聚球藻接种至SNAX培养基中在24‑26℃，1600‑2400 lx条件下培养至对数后期，再将培养的藻液避光培养24‑36 h使聚球藻始终处于分裂停滞期，而后向其中加入链霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸新霉素三种抗生素组成的混合抗生素，继续避光培养6‑12 h，使其完成生活史，而后将生长后聚球藻再按照上述方式进行培养直至培养液和聚球藻胞内细菌去除，即可实现对原位藻株无菌培养。本发明采用的混合抗生素处理方法成功从原位得到聚球藻无菌富集样品

Preschoolers' selective trust and belief revision in conflicting situation

幼儿如何选择性地采信他人提供的信息、获取知识,是幼儿社会认知发展研究的重要问题。除客观的信息内容外,信息传递者的特征也影响幼儿的选择性信任。另外,在不确定情境下,他人证言与幼儿已有信念可能存在冲突,在二者冲突的情境下,幼儿是否可以采信他人的证言,并最终改变幼儿的已有判断是以往研究忽略的问题。本研究考察了当母亲证言与幼儿已有信念冲突时,不同程度的冲突情境(面对不同比例的合成动物时)对幼儿选择性信任和信念修正的影响。研究采用冲突信息源范式,向74名4～6岁幼儿呈现对不同比例合成动物(50%-50%任务vs 75%-25%任务)命名的证言,考察幼儿对信息提供者的询问意愿、对证言的信任情况和在证言前后对合成动物的判断(信念修正)。信息提供的一方为母亲(提供相似度低的动物名称),另一方为陌生人(提供相似度高的动物名称)。结果发现,幼儿的选择性信任和信念修正受到母亲证言与已有信念冲突程度的影响。在低冲突情境下,幼儿对母亲证言的询问意愿和外显信任均高于高冲突情境。幼儿的信念修正存在年龄差异,在低冲突情境下,年长幼儿比年幼幼儿更倾向于改变已有信念,在高冲突情境下,年长的幼儿比年幼幼儿更不愿意改变已有信念。本研究结果表明,当母亲的证言与幼儿已有信念冲突时,中国幼儿可以区分不同程度的冲突情境,并且可以根据冲突的程度进行选择性信任和信念修正。</p

聚球藻对光合有效辐射适应性响应与调控机制研究进展

Synechococcus, the main group of marine picophytoplankton, would change their structure composition, physiological characteristics and carbon-fixation capacity responded to marine environmental variations, which is always an important scientific issue to assess the primary productivity of ecosystems and maintain the stability of ecosystems. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), as one of the most important environmental factors affecting plant life activities, not only restricts the growth of marine phytoplankton, but also determines the geographical distribution of marine Synechococcus. The existing results show that different phylogenetic clades of Synechococcus occupy different ecological niches, and pigment types and abundance exhibit a PAR-dependent geographical distribution. Moreover, the light-controlled culture experiment confirms that PAR could affect the growth rate, light-catching pigment contents and the expression of key gene of photosynthesis of Synechococcus. In this study, the adaptive response and regulatory mechanism of Synechococcus to PAR were summarized. Additionally, the concerned problems for future research were put forward for further understanding of theoretical study of phytoplankton adaptation to PAR

Advances in the interactions between marine picocyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria

Algae-bacteria interaction is among the key areas in marine ecology. Marine picocyanobacteria are ubiquitous primary producers in the aquatic habitat; they play vital roles in global carbon cycles and microbial food webs. Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are the two most important genera of marine picocyanobacteria. Through field and culture research, complicated interactions between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were verified. The material basis of their interactions includes organic carbon, vitamins, amino acids, and inorganic nutrients, which is mainly through reciprocal symbiosis. Marine picocyanobacteria provide great sources of organic carbon for heterotrophic bacteria through primary production. Consecutively, heterotrophic bacteria release inorganic nutrients through mineralization for absorption by picocyanobacteria. These crucial interactions guarantee the survival of picocyanobacteria. In this study, the main interactions between marine picocyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were summarized. Additionally, the concerned problems for future research were put forward for further understanding of their ecological functions