体育院校专业设置与市场需求的矛盾辨析

由“精英教育”走向“大众教育”产生的扩招潮流使我国的教育超越短缺状态,实现了短期内招生规模的跨越式发展,以质量为品牌的办学竞争逐步拉开。如何在愈发竞争的环境中立于不败之地,关系到体育院校的生存与发展。建议:体育院校利用“综合体育”特色,转变同质竞争观念,革新传统教学模式,改革考试方法,培养综合性的体育人才,从整体上解决其专业设置与市场需求的矛盾

Curcumin-induced Apoptosis Affects the Expression and Localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in Human Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells

姜黄素(CurCuMIn)诱导处理的人成骨肉瘤Mg-63细胞,在光镜和电镜观察细胞凋亡的基础上,对HnrnP A2/b1在核基质中存在、分布及其与凋亡相关基因产物在Mg-63细胞中的共定位关系进行了研究.经姜黄素处理后,细胞出现染色质凝聚、细胞核固缩、凋亡小体等典型的细胞凋亡形态特征;双向凝胶电泳和质谱鉴定结果显示,HnrnP A2/b1存在于Mg-63细胞核基质蛋白组分中,在姜黄素处理后细胞核基质蛋白中表达下调.蛋白质印迹杂交结果,证实HnrnP A2/b1在姜黄素处理前后的Mg-63细胞核基质蛋白中的存在及其表达下调变化.免疫荧光显微镜观察显示,HnrnP A2/b1定位于Mg-63细胞核基质纤维上,经姜黄素处理后出现分布位置与表达水平变化.激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的观察结果显示,HnrnP A2/b1在Mg-63细胞凋亡过程中与bAX、bCl-2、fAS和P53等基因产物具有共定位关系,且其共定位区域发生了变化.研究结果证实了HnrnP A2/b1定位于核基质纤维上,是一种核基质蛋白,在姜黄素诱导人成骨肉瘤Mg-63凋亡过程中的表达与分布变化及其与凋亡相关基因的关系显然对Mg-63细胞凋亡具有重要影响,这为深入揭示肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制提供了重要科学依据和深入探索的新方向.The morphology of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells under light microscopy and transmission election microscopy was altered when treated with curcumin.The distribution of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)A2 /B1 in the nuclear matrix and its colocalization with the apoptosis-related gene products were examined.The results demonstrated that curcumin induced typical apoptotic responses,such as chromatin agglutination,nuclei condensation,and apoptotic body formation.Twodimentional PAGE and mass spectrum analyses showed that hnRNP A2 /B1 was complexed with the nuclear matrix.Confirmed by Western blotting,curcumin treatment resulted in a down-regulation of hnRNP A2 /B1 expression.An altered distribution of hnRNP A2 /B1 with the nuclear matrix was observed in immunofluorescence assays.Laser confocal microscopy showed that hnRNP A2 /B1 colocalized with apoptosis-related molecules,including Bax,Bcl-2,Fas and p53,with different patterns before and after curcumin treatments.Our study showed that expression level and the distribution of hnRNP A2 /B1,a nuclear matrix protein,were altered by curcumin treatments and mought be involved in the process of apoptosis in MG-63 cells.国家自然科学基金项目(No.30871241)---

类泛素蛋白及其中文命名

泛素家族包括泛素及类泛素蛋白,约20种成员蛋白.近年来,泛素家族领域取得了迅猛发展,并已与生物学及医学研究的各个领域相互交叉.泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬机制的发现分别于2004和2016年获得诺贝尔奖.但是,类泛素蛋白并没有统一规范的中文译名. 2018年4月9日在苏州召开的《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》专著的编委会上,部分作者讨论了类泛素蛋白的中文命名问题,并在随后的\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"(Ubiquitinfamily,autophagy anddiseases)苏州会议上提出了类泛素蛋白中文翻译草案,此草案在参加该会议的国内学者及海外华人学者间取得了高度共识.冷泉港亚洲\"泛素家族、自噬与疾病\"苏州会议是由美国冷泉港实验室主办、两年一度、面向全球的英文会议.该会议在海内外华人学者中具有广泛影响,因此,参会华人学者的意见具有一定的代表性.本文介绍了10个类别的类泛素蛋白的中文命名,系统总结了它们的结构特点,并比较了参与各种类泛素化修饰的酶和它们的生物学功能.文章由45名从事该领域研究的专家合作撰写,其中包括中国工程院院士1名,相关学者4名,长江学者3名,国家杰出青年科学基金获得者18名和美国知名高校华人教授4名.他们绝大多数是参加编写即将由科学出版社出版的专著《泛素家族介导的蛋白质降解和细胞自噬》的专家

Observation of inhomogeneous plasmonic field distribution in a nanocavity

等离激元材料和器件中电场的强度分布是等离激元技术及其应用的重要基础。虽然针尖增强光谱成像技术的发展已经实现了亚纳米的横向空间分辨率，并发现了亚纳米级电场的不均匀性，但是迄今人们对电场的纵向场强分布仍然知之甚少。李剑锋教授课题组设计了一种具有~2Å空间分辨率的分子尺，利用金单晶基底和壳层隔绝金纳米粒子来构筑等离激元纳米腔，并通过分子尺的拉曼信号强度，精准地直接表征纳米腔中的纵轴方向上高度不均匀的场强分布。中国科学技术大学罗毅教授课题组利用基于量子场论的局域场光谱理论，精确地模拟得到了与实验相符的等离激元纳腔中的场分布，并发现了因分子自聚焦作用而引起的“等离激元梳”。该工作提供了一种通用有效的定量表征纳腔中场强分布的方法，完善了对等离激元学基础的理解，为超高空间分辨的拉曼光谱成像、光学力调控分子组装、单分子反应操控提供指导。 该工作是在李剑锋教授和中国科学技术大学罗毅教授共同指导下完成的。实验部分主要由李超禹（论文第一作者，已毕业博士）、温宝英（在读博士）、李松波（已毕业硕士）完成，复旦大学段赛研究员（论文共同第一作者）和陈舒（已毕业博士）进行了局域场光谱理论计算。谢立强（已毕业博士）和毛秉伟教授帮助完成了扫描探针显微镜实验。浙江师范大学周小顺教授和王亚浩老师提供了自组装膜表征方面的重要帮助。印度的Kathiresan、叶龙武教授课题组和浙江大学陆展教授课题组在分子合成方面提供了重要帮助。瑞士伯尔尼大学Wandlowski教授和田中群教授为该工作提供了指导。【Abstract】The progress of plasmon-based technologies relies on an understanding of the properties of the enhanced electromagnetic fields generated by the coupling nanostrucutres.Plasmon-enhanced applications include advanced spectroscopies, optomechanics, optomagnetics and biosensing. However, precise determination of plasmon field intensity distribution within a nanogap remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a molecular ruler made from a set of viologen-based, self-assembly monolayers with which we precisely measures field distribution within a plasmon nanocavity with ~2-Å spatial resolution. We observed an unusually large plasmon field intensity inhomogeneity that we attribute to the formation of a plasmonic comb in the nanocavity. As a consequence, we posit that the generally adopted continuous media approximation for molecular monolayers should be used carefully.The progress of plasmon-based technologies relies on an understanding of the properties of the enhanced electromagnetic fields generated by the coupling nanostrucutres1,2,3,4,5,6. Plasmon-enhanced applications include advanced spectroscopies7,8,9,10, optomechanics11, optomagnetics12 and biosensing13,14,15,16,17. However, precise determination of plasmon field intensity distribution within a nanogap remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a molecular ruler made from a set of viologen-based, self-assembly monolayers with which we precisely measures field distribution within a plasmon nanocavity with ~2-Å spatial resolution. We observed an unusually large plasmon field intensity inhomogeneity that we attribute to the formation of a plasmonic comb in the nanocavity. As a consequence, we posit that the generally adopted continuous media approximation for molecular monolayers should be used carefully.The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing is acknowledged for computer time. S.D. is sponsored by Shanghai Pujiang Programme (grant no. 19PJ1400600). 该研究工作得到国家自然科学基金、国家重点研发计划、安徽省量子信息技术引导专项等的资助和支持

自发性脑出血后继发性脑损伤的影像学研究进展 Imaging Evaluation of Secondary Brain Injury in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

在自发性脑出血所致原发性损伤的最佳治疗方法尚存争议的情况下，继发性脑损伤带来的影响越来越得到重视。继发性脑损伤是自发性脑出血后必然发生的病理生理过程，诸多研究表明继发性脑损伤对预后有着显著影响。影像学手段是临床研究中用于评估继发性脑损伤最常用的手段，不同的影像学方法均可对明确继发性脑损伤与预后的关系提供一定帮助。本文对继发性脑损伤各种影像学评估方法的研究现状展开综述，希望从中获取继发性脑损伤准确预测方法的新思路。 Abstract: When the best therapy for primary injury caused by spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is still controversial, the impact of secondary brain injury has been paid more and more attention. Secondary brain injury is an inevitable pathophysiological process after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Many studies have shown that secondary brain injury has a significant impact on the prognosis. Imaging is the most commonly used method to evaluate secondary brain injury in clinical research. Different imaging techniques are helpful in determining the relationship between secondary brain injury and the prognosis. Therefore, this paper reviewed the research status of various image methods in evaluating secondary brain injury