阿硅正传

硅作为地壳中含量第二的元素,其化合物在我们的生产、生活中不可或缺。本文从硅的前世、今生和未来三个角度讲述了硅及其化合物的应用与未来展望。国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1310024

应用MC-ICPMS测定人工及环境样品中的银同位素比值

Ag同位素比值主要应用于早期太阳系定年和含Ag物质的示踪,目前Ag同位素比值测定方法十分有限,已有方法测定过程较为繁琐。本研究建立了以Pd为内标和Ag同位素标准物质SRM 978a为标物、结合标准-样品-标准交叉技术校正质量歧视,用多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(Multicollector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, MC-ICPMS)快速准确测定Ag同位素比值的方法。该方法 Pd浓度为2 mg/kg,样品Ag浓度与标样浓度匹配范围为0.25～5倍,且待测样品中Ag浓度需≥5μg/kg方能得到精确的比值。含复杂基体的环境样品需用AG1 X8阴离子交换树脂柱多次分离。用建立的方法对人工和环境样品中Ag同位素比值的测定结果表明不同来源的Ag存在同位素分馏,故Ag同位素比值可用于含Ag物质的示踪

Characteristics of inorganic ions and organic components in PM_(2.5) from biomass burning

为探讨生物质在明火和阴燃两种不同条件下PM_(2.5)及主要成分的排放差异,选取了7种具有代表性的生物质样品(小麦、水稻、马尾松叶、马尾松枝、杂; 草、玉米、棉花)进行了燃烧实验,并对PM_(2.5)样品中的7种主要水溶性离子(Na~+、NH_4~+; 、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Cl~-、NO_3~- 、SO_4~(2-))及有机碳(OC) 、元素碳(EC) 、水溶性有机碳(WSOC); 、有机酸和左旋葡聚糖(LG)等有机成分进行了分析.结果表明,明火和阴燃条件下PM_(2.5)的排放因子分别为2.82~ 7.74; mg·g~(-1)和3.24~ 22.56; mg·g~(-1),阴燃时的排放因子偏高,不同燃料类型也存在一定差异.燃烧排放PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子以Cl~-为最高,占总离子的比例为72; %~; 94%,且与NH_4~+存在显著正相关关系,水溶性离子整体表现为明火条件下的浓度显著高于阴燃条件下的浓度.受阴燃条件下氧气不足的影响,PM_(2; .5)中有机组分的浓度表现为阴燃高于明火,进而导致阴燃时PM_(2.5)的排放因子增加.水稻秸秆燃烧烟尘中3种来源特征比值(LG/PM_(2.5; )、LG/OC和LG/WSOC)仅为小麦和玉米秸秆燃烧排放相应比值均值的0.34、0.24和0.27倍,表明在不同农作物的收获季节采用上述特征比; 值进行生物质燃烧来源估算时,应区别对待.Seven kinds of biomass samples including masson pine needles and; branches,wheat,rice,grass,maize and cotton straw were burned under; flaming and smoldering conditions to investigate the emission factors of; PM_(2.5) and its associated major components including organic carbon; (OC), elemental carbon,water soluble ions,water soluble organ carbon; (WSOC),organic acids and levoglucosan (LG). The results showed that the; emission factors were in the range of 2.82 ~ 7.74 mg·g~(-1) and 3.24 ~; 22.56 mg·g~(-1) for PM_(2.5) from biomass burning in flaming and; smoldering conditions, respectively. The difference between the two; burning conditions varied in different kinds of biomass fuel. The; profiles of water soluble ions in PM_(2.5) were all dominated by; Cl~-,accounting for 72%~ 94% of the total water soluble ions.; Significant positive correlations were only observed between Cl~-and; NH_4~+. The concentrations of water soluble ions were generally higher; in flaming PM_(2.5) than those in smoldering PM_(2.5). The organic; components showed much higher levels in smoldering PM_(2.5) with respect; to those in flaming PM_(2.5) because of incomplete burning. The higher; emission factors of PM_(2.5) under smoldering conditions were mainly due; to the higher emission factors of organic species. Three source; characteristic ratios including LG/PM_(2.5),LG/OC and LG/WSOC in rice; straw burning PM_(2.5) were only 0.34,0.24 and 0.27 times of the mean; ratios in wheat and maize straw burning PM_(2.5),respectively.; Thus,different characteristic ratios are required to estimate biomass; burning contribution in different biomass burning seasons.国家自然科学基金; 国家重点研发计划; 福建省自然科学基金计划项

SARS-CoV-2 病毒感染对精子质量的影响

目的旨在探究已接种新冠疫苗的COVID-19感染后精液中SARS-CoV-2 RNA的检测情况，并分析感染恢复期不同阶段对精子质量的影响。方法于2023年1月至3月就诊安徽医科大学第一附属医院生殖医学中心既往已接种新冠疫苗且近期咽拭子（包括感染状态）SARS-CoV-2呈阳性的男性患者，留取精液样本，通过RT-qPCR方法检测精液SARS-CoV-2病毒RNA存在情况。回顾性分析COVID-19感染恢复期不同阶段对精子质量影响；通过横向比较COVID-19感染恢复＜30 d与≥30 d患者精液体积、精子浓度、精子总数、前向运动百分率、畸形率、精子DFI等指标；并进一步纵向自身对照比较未感染COVID-19与感染COVID-19恢复阶段（＜30 d与≥30 d）精液质量指标。结果在所有纳入研究的205名患者精液样本中均未检测到SARS CoV-2 RNA。此外，无论是横向比较COVID-19感染恢复期不同阶段还是纵向自身对照比较未感染COVID-19与感染COVID-19恢复阶段的精液体积、精子总数、精子畸形率、精子DFI及HDS，两组差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05），而精子前向运动百分率下降，两组差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对于既往接种新冠疫苗COVID-19感染的患者，SARS-CoV-2病毒不会通过精子性传播，并且COVID-19感染恢复期30 d内弱精子症发生率可能增加，然而这种影响短期内是可逆的

Process technology on recovery of sulphur from copper-bearing gold concentrate by using kerosene method

某含铜金精矿尾矿浸铜渣中含有质量分数约15%的单质硫,严重影响后续提金过程的氰化效果。实验进行了以煤油为溶剂的提硫过程研究,考察溶硫时间、温度、液固质量比等因素。实验表明:采用煤油二段浸取法,当工艺条件为液固质量比2—3,温度140℃,加热40MIn,单质硫的回收率为98.4%,纯度达99%以上。对硫化矿处理过程尾矿中硫的回收,采用煤油为溶媒,是一种有效、环保的清洁生产过程,可以提高贵金属及伴生硫的综合回收率,易于工业应用。In the residues of copper-bearing gold concentrate there is mass fraction 15% sulfur which influences the effect of latish cyanogenation.The experiment was carried out with kerosene as solvent in sulfur removal process and the effect of leaching temperature and time,the mass ratio of kerosene to residue (liquid to solid) on the experiment was investigated.The results show that when the mass ratio of kerosene to residue is 2-3,heating temperature is 140 ℃,heating time is 40 min,the recovery efficiency of sulfur can be more than 98.4%,the purity of sulfur can be more than 99%.The new hydrometallurgical method which uses kerosene as solvent is an effective and clean process.It can improve comprehensive recovery efficiency of precious metals and sulfur,and is easy for industrialization without pollution

Comparison of uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis and traditional Roux-en-Y anastomosis in the totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: An analysis of multiple centers' data

目的对比非离断式(Uncut)Roux-en-Y吻合和传统Roux-en-Y吻合应用于全腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术后消化道重建的安全性和短期疗效。方法回顾性分析国内10家单位共60例远端胃癌根治术后全腹腔镜消化道重建的胃癌病人临床资料,根据消化道重建方式不同分为Uncut Roux-en-Y组(Uncut组)34例,传统Roux-enY组(传统组)26例。结果 Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合在消化道重建时间方面用时更短[(51.5±13.3)min vs.(80.4±16.2)min,P=0.000],出血量更少[(60.0±35.6)m L vs.(132.9±65.1)m L,P=0.000],且在进食半流饮食时间方面具有优势[(4.6±1.5)d vs.(7.2±2.3)d,P=0.000]。两组病人在留置胃管时间、术后排气时间、进食流质时间和术后住院时间方面差异无统计学意义。两组病人均无围手术期死亡病例,并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(8.8%vs.7.7%,P=0.875)结论 Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合和传统Roux-en-Y吻合应用于全腹腔镜下消化道重建安全可行,Uncut Roux-en-Y吻合在重建时间和控制出血量方面具有优势。Objective To compare the security and short-term effect of the digestive tract reconstruction during the totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer between the Uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis and the traditional Roux- en- Y anastomosis. Methods The clinical data of 60 gastric cancer patients with digestive reconstruction underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy between December 2012 and June 2015 in 10 domestic hospital were analyzed retrospectively. According to the difference of digestive reconstruction,it can be divided into the Uncut Rouxen-Y anastomosis group with 34 patients and the traditional Roux-en-Y anastomosis group with 26 patients. Results In uncut Roux-en-Y anastomosis group,the operative time in digestive reconstruction was shorter[(51.5±13.3)min vs.(80.4±16.2)min,P=0.000]; the intraoperative blood loss was less[(60.0±35.6)m L vs.(132.9±65.1)m L,P=0.000];semi-liquid diet time was earlier[(4.6±1.5)d vs.(7.2±2.3)d,P=0.000]. However,there was no difference between the two groups on nasogastric tubegastrointestinaltwo groups on nasogastric tube,gastrointestinal transit,fluid diet and the duration of postoperative hospital stay. Both groups had no death case during the perioperative period and there was no significant statistical difference in the postoperative complication rates(8.8% vs. 7.7%,P=0.875).Conclusion The Uncut Roux- en- Y anastomosis and the traditional Roux-en-Y anastomosis are both safe and feasible for the digestive reconstruction under the totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Besides,the Uncut Roux- en- Yanastomosis has other advantages such as less reconstruction time and less bleeding.广东省科技计划项目(No.2014A020212591

Portraying the pattern of life : exploring the interrelationships between Eileen Chang's educational agenda and literary construction

It has been argued that amongst the history of modern Chinese fiction, Eileen Chang is the most splendid writer (Hsia, 1999). This study intends to interpret the interrelationships between Eileen Chang掇 educational agenda and literary construction. Grounded in sociological theories of education as well as literary theories and criticism, this study aims to address the following research question: What are the interrelationships between Eileen Chang掇 educational agenda and literary construction? Taking a lens of sociology of education and textual-psychoanalytic approach of literature, this research explores key concepts of three propositions of symbolic violence, three modes of pedagogic action, feminist criticism of literature, and psychoanalytic criticism of literature. Specifically, theories of sociology of education establish educational agendas to analyze Eileen Chang掇 educational background, while feminism investigates literary features by textual approach. Psychoanalytic criticism of literature typically bridges the two fields of sociology of education and literary theories, examining the interrelationships between Eileen Chang掇 educational agenda and literary construction. In particular, theories regarding sociology of education and literature also establish the framework of the interrelationship among education, the author, and literature. In general, this study adopts content and textual analysis as methodology, and engages documentation as the research method for data collection. Specifically, documentation covers assorted contents, natures, and languages. The findings from the analysis provide useful insights into the study of Eileen Chang. First, engaging the conceptualization of cultural, economic, and social resource, the pedagogic work of a number of pedagogic authorities in her family, diffuse, and institutionalized education have been discussed. Accordingly, the family, diffuse, and institutionalized education shape the primary and secondary habitus of Eileen Chang. Second, this research discusses the literary construction of Eileen Chang from textual approach, exploring imagery, characters, and theme. Particularly, Chang foregrounds the image of 烑ook and look back via mirror,?and extends the symbol of mirror to many other objects. Further, Eileen Chang presents the juxtaposition and comparison of the married and unmarried heroines, displaying her distinctive tragic view, delicate layered humanity of characters, and compassion for human beings. Third, several mechanisms have been involved between literature and reality (Freud, 1988), and Eileen Chang adopts three mechanisms of dream work to transform her real life footage into literary materials: transference, displacement, and condensation. The research examines transference between Chang掇 family education and imagery, family education and characters, habitus and theme; analyzes displacement between her family education and imagery. The research also discusses condensation between Chang掇 family education and characters, family education and theme, institutionalized education and theme. And the study examines condensation between Chang掇 family education and theme, along with her diffuse education and theme. Therefore, this study draws both theoretical and practical implications for the study of Eileen Chang and the interdisciplinary research concerning literary authors. Specifically, the research and the framework abridge the discipline of education and literature, and suggest that perspective studies might concentrate on the interrelationships between authors?respective pedagogic elements and literary features.published_or_final_versionEducationDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph

Study on Patent Examination Quantity and Quality Management Based on Principal-agent Dilemma

本文基于委托—代理理论从专利审查单位内部的视角研究了解决专利申请积压与授权专利质量下降问题的途径.在承认专利审查员经济理性的前提下,通过分析专利审查员与审查单位之间是否存在目标异质性与信息不对称问题来判断审查单位内部是否存在委托—代理问题.在此基础上,本文从理论模型层面探讨了该委托—代理问题的解决方式,并对我国现行专利审查质量管理体制的改进提出了建议.Based on the principal-agent theory,it studied the way to solve the backlog of patent applications and the decline in granted patents quality from the perspective of the patent office. To determine whether there is principal-agent problem in the patent office,it analyzed the objective heterogeneity and the information asymmetry between patents examiner and the patent office. On this basis,it discussed the way to settle the principal-agent problem through a theoretical model,and finally offered some proposals in regard to improve current quality management system of patent examination.国家自然科学基金资助项目“专利审查高速路对后续专利审查质量的影响机制研究”(71273189