Preparation of Crack-free Inverse-opal Films by Template/Matrix Co-assembly

近年来,由于在光学、电学和生化等领域具有广泛的潜在应用,有序多孔反蛋白石结构薄膜的研究引起了人们的广泛关注.但是其在制备过程中常常会形成一些无法; 控制的缺陷,限制了这类材料的普及和实际应用.通过使用两种基质前驱体(正硅酸乙酯或丝素蛋白)与胶体小球混合共组装,探究了二元体系共组装法制备无裂痕; 反蛋白石结构薄膜的可行性.并用扫描电镜和可见光谱对薄膜结构进行了表征.结果表明,对于正硅酸乙酯体系,在不影响胶体小球有序排列的条件下,正硅酸乙酯; 在小球间的空隙中发生溶胶凝胶转变,与微球共同组装成有序致密的整体,去除微球模板后,可以得到大规模(>200; mum)无缺陷有序的反蛋白石结构薄膜.而对于大分子丝素蛋白体系,由于它和胶体小球有较强的相互作用力,会抑制胶体小球的有序组装,导致无法形成有序结; 构薄膜.对两种二元共组装体系进行了实验探索,实验结果不仅有助于人们了解共组装方式的适用范围,而且为设计和制备无缺陷反蛋白石薄膜提供了新的途径.Recently, there has been a significant interest in utilizing well-ordered, porous inverse-opal films for applications in optical, electronic and (bio) chemical fields. However, uncontrolled defects are always formed during their preparation process, which limit their practical applications. In this work, we examine the feasibility of using template/matrix co-assembly strategies to fabricate crack-free inverse opal thin films. Polystyrene spheres (PS) are chosen as a colloidal template, and two matrix precursors [tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursor and regenerated silk fibroin solution] are used for the current study. Our scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical spectrum results show that, for the TEOS-based system, the resulting silica gel due to the sol-gel transition of TEOS can effectively fill the gap between particles, but cannot affect the self-assembly of PS colloidal particles. After selective removal of the PS template, centimeter-scale crack-free and well-ordered inverse opal films can be obtained. In addition, for a constant concentration of TEOS, the film thickness and order degree of structure can be simply tuned by adjusting the concentrations of colloidal spheres. In comparison with indirect approach through template self-assembly and liquid infiltration, such a co-assembly approach can effectively minimize the associated cracking and avoid the need for matrix infiltration into the preassembled colloidal spheres. On the other hand, macro-molecule silk fibroin has a relatively strong interaction with PS colloidal particles, which is demonstrated by SEM and confocal images. Due to their interaction, silk fibroin molecules are preferably adsorbed on the surface of PS spheres, which can restrain the self-assembly of colloidal particles. As a result, it cannot form well-ordered silk film based on such co-assembly strategy. That is to say, the co-assembly approach is not suitable for systems that matrices have strong interactions with templates. These findings pave the way to use the template/matrix co-assembly strategy for rationally designing and developing crack-free inverse opal films and to apply such well-ordered and porous materials in a variety of fields.National Natural Science Foundation of China [21401154, U1405226]; 111; Project [B16029]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province; [2014A030310005]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central; Universities of China [20720170011

软光刻法制备具有表面微结构的角蛋白膜

近年来,使用微纳米制造工艺将蛋白质或多肽进行高精度空间图案化,推动了细胞生物学、组织工程学、药物科学等领域的发展.同时,羊毛角蛋白作为一种储量大的天然生物蛋白质,具有优异的水溶性、良好的生物相容性和可控的降解性,但羊毛角蛋白通常不能自组装形成凝胶网络或其他不溶形式,因此,使用羊毛角蛋白制备如纤维、薄膜、凝胶等的成型结构存在很大困难.本工作通过使用化学修饰的方法,在角蛋白上接枝功能基团,使角蛋白获得光敏感性,探究了共价交联法制备具有表面微结构角蛋白膜的可行性.并用3D激光扫描显微镜、紫外可见近红外光谱仪和傅里叶变换显微红外光谱仪对薄膜结构进行了表征.结果表明,使用软光刻法可以得到表面微结构完整度很高的角蛋白膜.本工作对羊毛角蛋白共价交联法进行了实验探索,实验结果不仅为人们提供了一种软光刻技术制备具有表面微结构的角蛋白膜的方法,而且为羊毛角蛋白制备成型结构提供了新的途径.国家自然科学基金(Nos.21771150,21401154,U1405226)111计划(No.B16029)广东省自然科学基金(No.2014A030310005)中央高校基本业务费(No.20720170011)资助~

Synthesis and Structural Studies of Germanium(Ⅳ) Complexes with Propylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (H_4pdta) and Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (H_5dtpa). Crystal and Molecular Structures of [Ge(OH)(Hpdta)] and [Ge (OH)(H_2dtpa)]·H_2O

由二氧化锗与丙二胺四乙酸（H_4PdTA）和二乙三胺五乙酸（H_5dTPA）直接制备［gE-（OH）（HPTdA）］（Ⅰ）和［gE（OH）（H_2dTPA）］·H_2O（Ⅱ）。X-射线单晶结构分析证明，在这两个螯合物中，与gE（Ⅳ）螯合的氨基多羧酸均呈五齿，由OH-占据畸变八面体的第六个配位位置。未参与配位的一个羧基形成分子间氢键，而在（Ⅱ）中还有一个自由羧基形成内盐，并与水分子共同形成分子内氢键。晶体参数：［gE（OH）（HndTA）］（Ⅰ），M_γ＝392.85，正交晶系，空间群PCA2_1，A＝15.248（2），b＝7.029（2），C＝13.384（2），V＝1434.5，z＝4，d_C＝1.819g/CM--3，μ（MOkA）＝21.55CM--（-1），f（000）＝800.用1172个I＞3σ（I）的独立衍射精修结构，最终偏差因子r＝0.033；［gE（uH）（H_2dTPA）］·H_2O（Ⅱ），M_γ＝497.94，三斜晶系，空间群P1，A＝7.231（2），b＝10.407（1），C＝13.286（2），α＝74.42（1），β＝75.30（1），γ＝88.15（1）°，V＝930.9，z＝2，d_C＝1The crystal and molecular structures of the title complexes, Formed when GeO_2 was mixed with H_4pdta and H_5dtpa in hot water, have been determined by X-ray diFFraction method using MoKα radiation(λ=0.71073) at 297K.[Ge(OH)(Hpdta)](Ⅰ),M_γ=392.85,orthorhombic, Pca2_1, a=15.248(2), b=7.029(2), c=13.384(2),V= 1434.5, Z=4, D_c=1.819 gcm￣(-3), μ(MoKα)=21.55cm￣(-1), F(000)=800,R=0.033 For 1172 observed reFlections; [Ge(OH)(H_2dtpa)]·H_2O(Ⅱ), M_γ= 497.94, triclinic, P1,α=7.231 (2),b=10.407(1), c=13.286(2),α=74.42(1),β=75.30(1), γ=88.15(1)°, V=930.9, Z=2,D_c=1.776 gcm￣(-3), μ(MoKα)=16.92 cm￣(-1),F(000)=512, Final R=0.044 For 2687 observed reFlections.Both complexes have an octahedral structure in which the aminopolycarboxylic acid serves as a pentadentate ligand with one acetate group protonated and Free From coordination.The sixth coordination site is occupied by an OH￣- group, Forming electrically neutral complexes.Besides the intermolecular hydrogen bonds Formed by the Free carboxylic groups in both complexes,intramolecular hydrogen bonds are also Formed either by water molecule or by another Free carboxylic group with zwitter-ion structure in complex(Ⅱ).国家自然科学基

基于疫苗颗粒完整性的硅胶吸附/解吸附纯化重组乙肝表面抗原工艺研究

针对重组汉逊酵母乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)在传统纯化过程中稳定性差的问题,采用静态光散射、荧光光谱和动态光散射等分析手段,从颗粒完整性角度研究其在不同pH条件下的稳定性变化。以其为指导,采用硅胶吸附/解吸附纯化HBsAg,建立该过程中关键因素的响应面模型,并与疏水层析联用,进一步纯化HBsAg,分析纯化效果以及纯化后疫苗颗粒完整性。采用透射电镜观察纯化后疫苗形貌,用高效分子排阻色谱法(HPSEC)分析颗粒稳定性。结果表明在酸性溶液下,pH接近HBsAg等电点时,抗原颗粒间静电斥力减小,颗粒容易聚集;碱性条件下,抗原颗粒内部疏水基团暴露,造成颗粒解聚。建立响应面模型,以活性收率为响应值时,最佳纯化工艺为吸附pH=7.43,洗脱pH=10.48,洗脱温度55.4℃,此时活性收率最高为39.1%;以纯化倍数为响应值时,吸附pH=7.16,洗脱pH=10.52,洗脱温度55.1℃,此时纯化倍数最高为1.90。进一步对洗脱液进行疏水层析纯化,活性收率为49.73%,颗粒完整性为85.79%,透射电镜观察到抗原颗粒粒径为20~40 nm。与传统疏水层析方法相比,采用硅胶吸附/解吸附与疏水层析联用的纯化方法,疫苗活性收率提高31.99个百分点,颗粒完整性提高20.90个百分点,颗粒稳定性提高22.93个百分点。该研究为高效纯化重组HBsAg及提高疫苗纯化过程的颗粒完整程度等提供新思路

基于疫苗颗粒完整性的硅胶吸附/解吸附纯化重组乙肝表面抗原工艺研究

针对重组汉逊酵母乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)在传统纯化过程中稳定性差的问题,采用静态光散射、荧光光谱和动态光散射等分析手段,从颗粒完整性角度研究其在不同pH条件下的稳定性变化。以其为指导,采用硅胶吸附/解吸附纯化HBsAg,建立该过程中关键因素的响应面模型,并与疏水层析联用,进一步纯化HBsAg,分析纯化效果以及纯化后疫苗颗粒完整性。采用透射电镜观察纯化后疫苗形貌,用高效分子排阻色谱法(HPSEC)分析颗粒稳定性。结果表明在酸性溶液下,pH接近HBsAg等电点时,抗原颗粒间静电斥力减小,颗粒容易聚集;碱性条件下,抗原颗粒内部疏水基团暴露,造成颗粒解聚。建立响应面模型,以活性收率为响应值时,最佳纯化工艺为吸附pH=7.43,洗脱pH=10.48,洗脱温度55.4℃,此时活性收率最高为39.1%;以纯化倍数为响应值时,吸附pH=7.16,洗脱pH=10.52,洗脱温度55.1℃,此时纯化倍数最高为1.90。进一步对洗脱液进行疏水层析纯化,活性收率为49.73%,颗粒完整性为85.79%,透射电镜观察到抗原颗粒粒径为20~40 nm。与传统疏水层析方法相比,采用硅胶吸附/解吸附与疏水层析联用的纯化方法,疫苗活性收率提高31.99个百分点,颗粒完整性提高20.90个百分点,颗粒稳定性提高22.93个百分点。该研究为高效纯化重组HBsAg及提高疫苗纯化过程的颗粒完整程度等提供新思路

天山雪莲设施育苗与人工栽培技术研究

本项目在对雪莲的组织培养及实生苗培育对比试验中，选择了技术成熟、可操作性强的实生苗繁育技术作为技术支撑点。雪莲种子生活期长、生命力旺盛；在人工条件下，雪莲种子的发芽率及出苗率较高，再生能力强；依据对野生雪莲生境中土壤及示范基地土壤理化性质及气候条件的观测，以及在相似生境中植物化学成分及含量相似的原则；在前期研究工作中所建立的较为成熟的技术体系及所总结的成功经验；检测结果显示：栽培雪莲的主要药用成份均比野生雪莲高。该项目经济效益、社会效益及生态效益显著，并在种子培育及实生苗野外定植移栽方面有重大创新，建立的雪莲设施育苗及人工栽培标准化技术体系填补了国内空白

Precise prediction model and simplified scoring system for sustained combined response to interferon-alpha

AIM: To establish a predictive algorithm which may serve for selecting optimal candidates for interferon-a (IFN-alpha) treatment. METHODS: A total of 474 IFN-alpha treated hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients were enrolled in the present study. The patients' baseline characteristics, such as age, gender, blood tests, activity grading (G) of intrahepatic inflammation, score (S) of liver fibrosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and genotype were evaluated; therapy duration and response of each patient at the 24th wk after cessation of IFN-alpha treatment were also recorded. A predictive algorithm and scoring system for a sustained combined response (CR) to IFN-alpha therapy were established. About 10% of the patients were randomly drawn as the test set. Responses to IFN-alpha therapy were divided into CR, partial response (PR) and non-response (NR). The mixed set of PR and NR was recorded as PR+NR. RESULTS: Stratified by therapy duration, the most significant baseline predictive factors were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV DNA level, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), HBV genotype, S, G, age and gender. According to the established model, the accuracies for sustained CR and PR+NR, respectively, were 86.4% and 93.0% for the training set, 81.5% and 91.0% for the test set. For the scoring system, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.8% and 80.6%, respectively. There were positive correlations between ALT and AST, and G and S, respectively. CONCLUSION: With these models, practitioners may be able to propose individualized decisions that have an integrated foundation on both evidence-based medicine and personal characteristics. (C) 2010 Baishideng. All rights reserved

2002–2010年中国典型生态系统辐射及光能利用效率数据集

辐射是陆地生态系统能量的主要来源,其利用效率表现为光能利用率,反映了生态系统转化光能、生成有机物质的能力。揭示典型生态系统的辐射及光能利用效率可以为评估区域光能资源及其利用效率提供参考,也为评估区域有机物质固定能力及碳吸收能力提供依据。基于中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究联盟(China FLUX)的长期观测结果及已发表文献的公开数据,构建了2002–2010年中国典型生态系统辐射及光能利用效率数据集,包含51个生态系统126个站点年辐射、光能利用效率及吸收光能利用效率的观测记录。另外,本数据集还包含生态系统代码、年份、经度、纬度、海拔、生态系统类型、年均气温、年总降水量、年均CO2质量浓度、年均叶面积指数、最大叶面积指数等生物气候信息。本数据集可以为评估生态系统生产能力、应对气候变化等方面的研究提供数据支持